Showing papers by "Nova Southeastern University published in 2012"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimated deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs; sum of years lived with disability [YLD] and years of life lost [YLL]) attributable to the independent effects of 67 risk factors and clusters of risk factors for 21 regions in 1990 and 2010.
9,324 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented, which has a significance of 5.9 standard deviations, corresponding to a background fluctuation probability of 1.7×10−9.
9,282 citations
TL;DR: Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated and age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010, but population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades.
7,021 citations
TL;DR: The results for 1990 and 2010 supersede all previously published Global Burden of Disease results and highlight the importance of understanding local burden of disease and setting goals and targets for the post-2015 agenda taking such patterns into account.
6,861 citations
Harvard University1, University of Queensland2, Johns Hopkins University3, ICF International4, Centre for Mental Health5, Boston University6, University of Sydney7, University of Melbourne8, Imperial College London9, University of New South Wales10, University of California, San Diego11, Emory University12, University of Pennsylvania13, Autonomous University of Barcelona14, University of London15, National Institutes of Health16, French Institute of Health and Medical Research17, Medical Research Council18, Auckland University of Technology19, Federal University of São Paulo20, National Institute of Population and Social Security Research21, Howard University22, Flinders University23, Erasmus University Rotterdam24, King's College London25, Karolinska Institutet26, University of California, San Francisco27, All India Institute of Medical Sciences28, Nova Southeastern University29, University of Miami30, Swansea University31, Tehran University of Medical Sciences32, Queen Mary University of London33, Allen Institute for Brain Science34, University of Cape Town35, Columbia University36, Watford General Hospital37, Centro Studi GISED38, University of Oxford39, Deakin University40, University of British Columbia41, University of Toronto42, Box Hill Hospital43, Vanderbilt University44, University of Washington45, Brandeis University46, University of Tokyo47, The Queen's Medical Center48, Norwegian University of Science and Technology49, China Medical Board50, University of Cambridge51, Royal Cornwall Hospital52, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center53, Shanghai Jiao Tong University54
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive re-estimation of disability weights for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 through a large-scale empirical investigation in which judgments about health losses associated with many causes of disease and injury were elicited from the general public in diverse communities through a new, standardised approach.
1,130 citations
Flanders Marine Institute1, Australian Museum2, University of New South Wales3, University of Southern Mississippi4, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton5, University of Hasselt6, WorldFish7, American Museum of Natural History8, San Diego State University9, Museum Victoria10, Natural History Museum11, Dowling College12, University of Hamburg13, University of Johannesburg14, James Cook University15, National Museum of Natural History16, National Taiwan Ocean University17, Scripps Institution of Oceanography18, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration19, University of Queensland20, University of Sassari21, Université libre de Bruxelles22, Vrije Universiteit Brussel23, Queensland Museum24, University of California, Merced25, Ghent University26, Naturalis27, Howard University28, University of Gothenburg29, Florida Museum of Natural History30, California Academy of Sciences31, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science32, Osaka University33, University of Santiago de Compostela34, University of Alaska Anchorage35, University of Málaga36, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research37, National University of Ireland, Galway38, University of Alaska Fairbanks39, Spanish National Research Council40, CABI41, University of Siegen42, Massey University43, University of Copenhagen44, Naturhistorisches Museum45, University of Washington46, Museum für Naturkunde47, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution48, Western Washington University49, University of Bergen50, Nova Southeastern University51, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology52, National University of Singapore53, Shimane University54, Agnes Scott College55, University of the Ryukyus56, University of California, Davis57, Federal University of Paraná58, University of the Basque Country59, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover60, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences61, Tel Aviv University62, Swedish Museum of Natural History63, Joint Nature Conservation Committee64, The Evergreen State College65, Estonian University of Life Sciences66, University of Maine67, Virginia Commonwealth University68, Trinity College, Dublin69, University of Auckland70
TL;DR: The first register of the marine species of the world is compiled and it is estimated that between one-third and two-thirds of marine species may be undescribed, and previous estimates of there being well over one million marine species appear highly unlikely.
822 citations
TL;DR: The results of this study validate the binary visual reading method approved in the USA for clinical use with flor betapir and suggest that florbetapir could be used to distinguish individuals with no or sparse amyloid plaques from those with moderate to frequent plaques.
Abstract: Summary Background Results of previous studies have shown associations between PET imaging of amyloid plaques and amyloid-β pathology measured at autopsy. However, these studies were small and not designed to prospectively measure sensitivity or specificity of amyloid PET imaging against a reference standard. We therefore prospectively compared the sensitivity and specificity of amyloid PET imaging with neuropathology at autopsy. Methods This study was an extension of our previous imaging-to-autopsy study of participants recruited at 22 centres in the USA who had a life expectancy of less than 6 months at enrolment. Participants had autopsy within 2 years of PET imaging with florbetapir ( 18 F). For one of the primary analyses, the interpretation of the florbetapir scans (majority interpretation of five nuclear medicine physicians, who classified each scan as amyloid positive or amyloid negative) was compared with amyloid pathology (assessed according to the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease standards, and classed as amyloid positive for moderate or frequent plaques or amyloid negative for no or sparse plaques); correlation of the image analysis results with amyloid burden was tested as a coprimary endpoint. Correlation, sensitivity, and specificity analyses were also done in the subset of participants who had autopsy within 1 year of imaging as secondary endpoints. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT 01447719 (original study NCT 00857415). Findings We included 59 participants (aged 47–103 years; cognitive status ranging from normal to advanced dementia). The sensitivity and specificity of florbetapir PET imaging for detection of moderate to frequent plaques were 92% (36 of 39; 95% CI 78–98) and 100% (20 of 20; 80–100%), respectively, in people who had autopsy within 2 years of PET imaging, and 96% (27 of 28; 80–100%) and 100% (18 of 18; 78–100%), respectively, for those who had autopsy within 1 year. Amyloid assessed semiquantitatively with florbetapir PET was correlated with the post-mortem amyloid burden in the participants who had an autopsy within 2 years (Spearman ρ=0·76; p Interpretation The results of this study validate the binary visual reading method approved in the USA for clinical use with florbetapir and suggest that florbetapir could be used to distinguish individuals with no or sparse amyloid plaques from those with moderate to frequent plaques. Additional research is needed to understand the prognostic implications of moderate to frequent plaque density. Funding Avid Radiopharmaceuticals.
642 citations
TL;DR: The results of this analysis reveal a significant relationship of coral sensitivity to turbidity and sedimentation with growth form, but not with calyx size, and meaningful criteria to limit the extent and turbidity of dredging plume effects will always require site-specific evaluations.
601 citations
French Institute of Health and Medical Research1, University of Montpellier2, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg3, Ghent University4, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens5, Imperial College London6, University of Genoa7, Oslo University Hospital8, Nova Southeastern University9, University of Helsinki10, University of Aberdeen11, Medical University of Warsaw12, University of Manitoba13, Boston Children's Hospital14, Karolinska Institutet15, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University16, Charité17, Odense University Hospital18, Creighton University19, Federal University of Bahia20, Vilnius University21, University of Amsterdam22, Erasmus University Rotterdam23, Hacettepe University24, Medical University of Łódź25, Monash University26, Teikyo University27, Charles University in Prague28, Silesian University29, University of Edinburgh30, Loughborough University31, University of Coimbra32, Medical University of Vienna33
TL;DR: The Practical guide to skin prick tests in allergy to aeroallergens 2012; 67: 18–24 is cited.
Abstract: To cite this article: Bousquet J, Heinzerling L, Bachert C, Papadopoulos NG, Bousquet PJ, Burney PG, Canonica GW, Carlsen KH, Cox L, Haahtela T, Lodrup Carlsen KC, Price D, Samolinski B, Simons FER, Wickman M, Annesi-Maesano I, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bergmann KC, Bindslev-Jensen C, Casale TB, Chiriac A, Cruz AA, Dubakiene R, Durham SR, Fokkens WJ, Gerth-van-Wijk R, Kalayci O, Kowalski ML, Mari A, Mullol J, Nazamova-Baranova L, O'Hehir RE, Ohta K, Panzner P, Passalacqua G, Ring J, Rogala B, Romano A, Ryan D, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Todo-Bom A, Valenta R, Woehrl S, Yusuf OM, Zuberbier T, Demoly P. Practical guide to skin prick tests in allergy to aeroallergens. Allergy 2011; DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02728.x ABSTRACT: This pocket guide is the result of a consensus reached between members of the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2) LEN) and Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA). The aim of the current pocket guide is to offer a comprehensive set of recommendations on the use of skin prick tests in allergic rhinitis-conjunctivitis and asthma in daily practice. This pocket guide is meant to give simple answers to the most frequent questions raised by practitioners in Europe, including 'practicing allergists', general practitioners and any other physicians with special interest in the management of allergic diseases. It is not a long or detailed scientific review of the topic. However, the recommendations in this pocket guide were compiled following an in-depth review of existing guidelines and publications, including the 1993 European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology position paper, the 2001 ARIA document and the ARIA update 2008 (prepared in collaboration with GA(2) LEN). The recommendations cover skin test methodology and interpretation, allergen extracts to be used, as well as indications in a variety of settings including paediatrics and developing countries.
506 citations
TL;DR: Ten years after the publication of the ARIA World Health Organization workshop report, it is important to make a summary of its achievements and identify the still unmet clinical, research, and implementation needs to strengthen the 2011 European Union Priority on allergy and asthma in children.
Abstract: Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma represent global health problems for all age groups. Asthma and rhinitis frequently coexist in the same subjects. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) was initiated during a World Health Organization workshop in 1999 (published in 2001). ARIA has reclassified AR as mild/moderate-severe and intermittent/persistent. This classification closely reflects patients' needs and underlines the close relationship between rhinitis and asthma. Patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals are confronted with various treatment choices for the management of AR. This contributes to considerable variation in clinical practice, and worldwide, patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals are faced with uncertainty about the relative merits and downsides of the various treatment options. In its 2010 Revision, ARIA developed clinical practice guidelines for the management of AR and asthma comorbidities based on the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. ARIA is disseminated and implemented in more than 50 countries of the world. Ten years after the publication of the ARIA World Health Organization workshop report, it is important to make a summary of its achievements and identify the still unmet clinical, research, and implementation needs to strengthen the 2011 European Union Priority on allergy and asthma in children.
453 citations
TL;DR: The findings suggest that mining operations play an important but underappreciated role in the generation of contaminated atmospheric dust and aerosol and the transport of metal and metalloid contaminants, and highlight the need for further research in this area.
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens1, Gunma University2, University of Manchester3, University of Wisconsin-Madison4, University of Southampton5, The Chinese University of Hong Kong6, University of Cape Town7, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research8, Washington University in St. Louis9, University of Padua10, National University of Singapore11, Paris Descartes University12, University of Verona13, Duke University14, Creighton University15, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile16, Ain Shams University17, National Health Service18, Medical University of Vienna19, Karolinska Institutet20, University of Virginia21, University of Ulsan22, Chang Gung University23, Stellenbosch University24, Medical University of Łódź25, Charité26, University of South Florida27, Sungkyunkwan University28, University of Colorado Denver29, Nippon Medical School30, Charles University in Prague31, Children's Memorial Hospital32, Royal Children's Hospital33, Federal University of Paraná34, Children's Mercy Hospital35, University of Queensland36, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul37, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children38, University of Denver39, University of Turku40, Mahidol University41, Nova Southeastern University42, University of Gothenburg43, University of Zurich44, Kaiser Permanente45
TL;DR: The purpose of this document is to highlight the key messages that are common to many of the existing guidelines, while critically reviewing and commenting on any differences, thus providing a concise reference.
Abstract: Asthma is the most common chronic lower respiratory disease in childhood throughout the world. Several guidelines and/or consensus documents are available to support medical decisions on pediatric asthma. Although there is no doubt that the use of common systematic approaches for management can considerably improve outcomes, dissemination and implementation of these are still major challenges. Consequently, the International Collaboration in Asthma, Allergy and Immunology (iCAALL), recently formed by the EAACI, AAAAI, ACAAI, and WAO, has decided to propose an International Consensus on (ICON) Pediatric Asthma. The purpose of this document is to highlight the key messages that are common to many of the existing guidelines, while critically reviewing and commenting on any differences, thus providing a concise reference. The principles of pediatric asthma management are generally accepted. Overall, the treatment goal is disease control. To achieve this, patients and their parents should be educated to optimally manage the disease, in collaboration with healthcare professionals. Identification and avoidance of triggers is also of significant importance. Assessment and monitoring should be performed regularly to re-evaluate and fine-tune treatment. Pharmacotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment. The optimal use of medication can, in most cases, help patients control symptoms and reduce the risk for future morbidity. The management of exacerbations is a major consideration, independent of chronic treatment. There is a trend toward considering phenotype-specific treatment choices; however, this goal has not yet been achieved.
TL;DR: After the new formulation of the widely abused prescription opioid OxyContin was introduced, patients reported that they used OxyContin less often and other drugs (including heroin) more often.
Abstract: In 2010, an abuse-deterrent formulation of the widely abused prescription opioid OxyContin replaced the original formulation. After the new formulation was introduced, patients reported that they used OxyContin less often and other drugs (including heroin) more often.
TL;DR: It is shown that mice with SMC-specific deficiency of the MR have decreased blood pressure as they age without defects in renal sodium handling or vascular structure, which supports the emerging hypothesis that vascular tone contributes directly to systemic blood pressure.
Abstract: Hypertension is a cardiovascular risk factor present in over two-thirds of people over age 60 in North America; elevated blood pressure correlates with increased risk of heart attack, stroke and progression to heart and kidney failure. Current therapies are insufficient to control blood pressure in almost half of these patients. The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), acting in the kidney, is known to regulate blood pressure through aldosterone binding and stimulation of sodium retention. However, recent studies support the concept that the MR also has extrarenal actions and that defects in sodium handling alone do not fully explain the development of hypertension and associated cardiovascular mortality. We and others have identified functional MR in human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), suggesting that vascular MR might directly regulate blood pressure. Here we show that mice with SMC-specific deficiency of the MR have decreased blood pressure as they age without defects in renal sodium handling or vascular structure. Aged mice lacking MR in SMCs (SMC-MR) have reduced vascular myogenic tone, agonist-dependent contraction and expression and activity of L-type calcium channels. Moreover, SMC-MR contributes to angiotensin II–induced vascular oxidative stress, vascular contraction and hypertension. This study identifies a new role for vascular MR in blood pressure control and in vascular aging and supports the emerging hypothesis that vascular tone contributes directly to systemic blood pressure.
TL;DR: Florbetapir PET may help identify individuals at increased risk for progressive cognitive decline and convert to AD dementia at a higher rate than Aβ− subjects.
Abstract: Objectives: Florbetapir F 18 PET can image amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates in the brains of living subjects. We prospectively evaluated the prognostic utility of detecting Aβ pathology using florbetapir PET in subjects at risk for progressive cognitive decline. Methods: A total of 151 subjects who previously participated in a multicenter florbetapir PET imaging study were recruited for longitudinal assessment. Subjects included 51 with recently diagnosed mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 69 cognitively normal controls (CN), and 31 with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease dementia (AD). PET images were visually scored as positive (Aβ+) or negative (Aβ−) for pathologic levels of β-amyloid aggregation, blind to diagnostic classification. Cerebral to cerebellar standardized uptake value ratios (SUVr) were determined from the baseline PET images. Subjects were followed for 18 months to evaluate changes in cognition and diagnostic status. Analysis of covariance and correlation analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between baseline PET amyloid status and subsequent cognitive decline. Results: In both MCI and CN, baseline Aβ+ scans were associated with greater clinical worsening on the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog ( p p p p p p p Conclusions: Florbetapir PET may help identify individuals at increased risk for progressive cognitive decline.
TL;DR: The lack of long-term evidence to support the use of regenerative endodontic procedures in traumatized teeth with open apices means that revascularization regeneration procedures should only be attempted if the tooth is not suitable for root canal obturation, and after apexogenesis, apexification, or partial pulpotomy treatments have already been attempted and have a poor prognosis.
Abstract: The regeneration of immature permanent teeth following trauma could be beneficial to reduce the risk of fracture and loss of millions of teeth each year. Regenerative endodontic procedures include revascularization, partial pulpotomy, and apexogenesis. Several case reports give these procedures a good prognosis as an alternative to apexification. Care is needed to deliver regenerative endodontic procedures that maintain or restore the vitality of teeth, but which also disinfect and remove necrotic tissues. Regeneration can be accomplished through the activity of the cells from the pulp, periodontium, vascular, and immune system. Most therapies use the host's own pulp or vascular cells for regeneration, but other types of dental stem cell therapies are under development. There are no standardized treatment protocols for endodontic regeneration. The purpose of this article is to review the recent literature and suggest guidelines for using regenerative endodontic procedures for the treatment of permanent immature traumatized teeth. Recommendations for the selection of regenerative and conventional procedures based on the type of tooth injury, fracture type, presence of necrosis or infection, periodontal status, presence of periapical lesions, stage of tooth development, vitality status, patient age, and patient health status will be reviewed. Because of the lack of long-term evidence to support the use of regenerative endodontic procedures in traumatized teeth with open apices, revascularization regeneration procedures should only be attempted if the tooth is not suitable for root canal obturation, and after apexogenesis, apexification, or partial pulpotomy treatments have already been attempted and have a poor prognosis.
TL;DR: For example, this article found that males have higher job satisfaction levels than females and females have higher organizational commitment levels than their male counterparts, and that those with a graduate degree are more likely to stay at their organization than those without a degree.
Abstract: Generational diversity has become the norm in many organizations. As baby boomers retire and millennials enter and take over the workforce, it becomes imperative for managers to learn more about their job satisfaction and organizational commitment levels. The authors of this study surveyed 148 millennials who work in the I.T. industry. A total of 74 males and 74 females were surveyed. Results show that males have higher job satisfaction levels than their female counterparts and females have higher organizational commitment levels than their male counterparts. Furthermore, millennials with a graduate degree are more likely to stay at their organization than millennials without a graduate degree. Recommendations and implications are discussed for managers hiring, leading, and managing millennials in the workforce.
TL;DR: Insight is provided for better control of target SM gene expression in vitro and bypass complex genetic engineering manipulations for consistent biosynthesis of desired secondary metabolites from pure microbial cultures.
Abstract: Consistent biosynthesis of desired secondary metabolites (SMs) from pure microbial cultures is often unreliable. In a proof-of-principle study to induce SM gene expression and production, we describe mixed “co-culturing” conditions and monitoring of messages via quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Gene expression of model bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Roseobacter denitrificans Och114) was analyzed in pure solo and mixed cocultures to infer the effects of interspecies interactions on gene expression in vitro, Two P. aeruginosa genes (PhzH coding for portions of the phenazine antibiotic pathway leading to pyocyanin (PCN) and the RhdA gene for thiosulfate: cyanide sulfurtransferase (Rhodanese)) and two R. denitrificans genes (BetaLact for metallo-beta-lactamase and the DMSP gene for dimethylpropiothetin dethiomethylase) were assessed for differential expression. Results showed that R. denitrificans DMSP and BetaLact gene expression became elevated in a mixed culture. In contrast, P. aeruginosa co-cultures with R. denitrificans or a third species did not increase target gene expression above control levels. This paper provides insight for better control of target SM gene expression in vitro and bypass complex genetic engineering manipulations.
TL;DR: A recent review of multiallergen immunotherapy concluded that simultaneous delivery of multiple unrelated allergens can be clinically effective but that there was a need for additional investigation of therapy with more than 2 allergen extracts (particularly in sublingual allerGEN immunotherapy).
Abstract: In allergen immunotherapy there is debate as to whether polysensitized patients are best treated with many allergens simultaneously (chosen according to the sensitization profile, a predominantly North American approach) or a single allergen (chosen according to the most clinically problematic allergy, a predominantly European approach). In patients seeking treatment for moderate-to-severe respiratory allergies, polysensitization is more prevalent (range, 50% to 80%) than monosensitization in both the United States and Europe. Safe, effective, single-allergen preparations will most likely have been tested in polysensitized patients. In robust, large-scale clinical trials of grass pollen sublingual tablets, polysensitized patients benefited at least as much from allergen immunotherapy as monosensitized patients. A recent review of multiallergen immunotherapy concluded that simultaneous delivery of multiple unrelated allergens can be clinically effective but that there was a need for additional investigation of therapy with more than 2 allergen extracts (particularly in sublingual allergen immunotherapy). More work is also required to determine whether single-allergen and multiallergen immunotherapy protocols elicit distinct immune responses in monosensitized and polysensitized patients. Sublingual and subcutaneous multiallergen immunotherapy in polysensitized patients requires more supporting data to validate its efficacy in practice.
TL;DR: The survey documents that the MRSA prevalence in 2010 is higher than that reported in the 2006 survey, however, the majority of facilities currently are performing active surveillance testing, and, compared with 2006, the rate of MRSA infection has decreased while the rateof MRSA colonization has increased.
Journal Article•
University of Lausanne1, Radboud University Nijmegen2, University of Innsbruck3, University of the Basque Country4, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy5, Imperial College London6, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare7, University Medical Center Groningen8, Newcastle University9, Nova Southeastern University10, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg11, Uludağ University12, University of Malta13, Cardiff University14
TL;DR: It is important to define what is ethical and what needs to be considered unethical in body donation and the subsequent utilisation of human bodies for teaching and research.
Abstract: Previously, we have reported on the legal and ethical aspects and current practice of body donation in several European countries, reflecting cultural and religious variations as well as different legal and constitutional frameworks. We have also established good practice in body donation. Here we shall further extend the legal and ethical frameworks in place and also focus on novelties in the law and different directives. Of particular interest are points that address the commercialization of human bodies and body parts and weaknesses in the legal directives. Therefore, it is important to define what is ethical and what needs to be considered unethical in body donation and the subsequent utilisation of human bodies for teaching and research.
TL;DR: A combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented in this article, where the data sets used correspond to integrated luminosities from 4.6 fb (-1) to 4.9 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions collected at root s = 7 TeV in 2011.
Abstract: A combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The data sets used correspond to integrated luminosities from 4.6 fb(-1) to 4.9 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions collected at root s = 7 TeV in 2011. The Higgs boson mass ranges of 111.4 GeV to 116.6 GeV, 119.4 GeV to 122.1 GeV, and 129.2 GeV to 541 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level, while the range 120 GeV to 560 GeV is expected to be excluded in the absence of a signal. An excess of events is observed at Higgs boson mass hypotheses around 126 GeV with a local significance of 2.9 standard deviations (sigma). The global probability for the background to produce an excess at least as significant anywhere in the entire explored Higgs boson mass range of 110-600 GeV is estimated to be similar to 15%, corresponding to a significance of approximately 1 sigma.
TL;DR: The findings show an increase in information efficiency, a decline in information waste, across various aspects of the financial information environment after mandatory XBRL disclosure.
Abstract: This study examines the effect of mandatory XBRL disclosure across various aspects of the financial information environment. Our findings show an increase in information efficiency, a dec...
TL;DR: The findings from the present study indicate that substantial bone augmentation can be achieved using titanium mesh in conjunction with bone grafting and exposure of titanium mesh during healing does not necessarily compromise the final treatment outcome.
TL;DR: This study explored the economic costs and response rate of mail and web-based surveys with practicing dentists and revealed that web surveys were 2.68 times more cost effective than mail surveys.
Abstract: This study explored the economic costs and response rate of mail and web-based surveys with practicing dentists. A random sample of 6,000 practicing dentists was randomly assigned into three groups of 2,000: choice (mail or web-based), postal mail, or web-based. The Florida Tobacco Control Survey 2009, which is composed of 28 questions (including subject demographic questions), served as the survey instrument. A total of 1,232 surveys were returned by the three different groups (21% overall response rate). Response rates were best for the mail (26%) with the worst response rate coming from the Web group (11%). However, a cost-effectiveness analysis revealed that web surveys were 2.68 times more cost effective.
TL;DR: The effects of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions on the functional abilities and behavior of patients with dementia and how these can be implemented into clinical practice are reviewed.
Abstract: Family physicians play a crucial role in the management and ongoing care of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). This article reviews the effects of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions on the functional abilities and behavior of patients with dementia and how these can be implemented into clinical practice. Nonpharmacologic interventions are recommended as the initial strategy for managing problematic behaviors. Strategies for improving behavior include ensuring that the patient's environment is safe, calm, and predictable; removing environmental stressors; and identifying and avoiding situations that agitate or frighten the patient. Simple interventions include redirecting and refocusing the patient, increasing social interaction, establishing regular sleep habits, eliminating sources of conflict and frustration, and establishing rewards for successes. The effectiveness of long-term behavioral management is largely dependent on the caregiver; as such, it is important to assess the role and needs of the caregiver. Because currently available therapies cannot reverse the pathologic processes of AD, the primary objective of pharmacotherapy is to preserve cognitive and functional ability, minimize behavioral disturbances, and slow disease progression. Cholinesterase inhibitors represent first-line therapy for patients with mild to moderate AD, whereas a glutamate N-methyl D-aspartate antagonist is used in the treatment of moderate to severe AD. Looking forward, there are a number of therapies in development aimed at modifying the disease course; these include amyloid-lowering drugs, τ-based and neuroprotective approaches, acetylcholine agonists, and mitochondrial inhibitors.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the efficacy and safety of 300-index of reactivity (IR) 5-grass pollen sublingual tablet in US adults with grass pollen allergy and rhinoconjunctivitis.
Abstract: Background Previous trials have demonstrated the efficacy, safety, and optimal dosage of the 5-grass pollen sublingual tablet for adults and children with grass pollen–induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Objectives We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 300 index of reactivity (IR) 5-grass pollen sublingual tablet in US adults. Methods Adults with grass pollen allergy and Rhinoconjunctivitis Total Symptom Scores of 12 or greater (scale, 0-18) during the previous grass pollen season were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to receive 300IR 5-grass pollen sublingual tablet or placebo starting 4 months before and continuing through the pollen season. The primary efficacy end point was the daily Combined Score (CS; scale, 0-3), which integrates symptoms and rescue medication use. Results Four hundred seventy-three participants were randomized. The mean daily CS over the pollen period was significantly lower in the active treatment group versus the placebo group (least-squares mean difference: −0.13; 95% CI, −0.19 to −0.06; P = .0003; relative reduction: 28.2%; 95% CI, 13.0% to 43.4%). In placebo-treated participants, the daily CS least-squares mean was 0.32 in the subgroup with baseline timothy grass–specific serum IgE of less than 0.1 kU/L (n = 23) and 0.46 in those with baseline timothy grass–specific serum IgE of 0.1 kU/L or greater (n = 204). The most frequent reported adverse events were oral pruritus, throat irritation, and nasopharyngitis. There were no reports of anaphylaxis, and no actively treated participant received epinephrine. Conclusion In US adults with grass pollen–induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, preseasonal and coseasonal treatment with 300IR 5-grass pollen sublingual tablet demonstrated clinically meaningful efficacy, especially in study subjects with measurable timothy grass–specific serum IgE. Use of 300IR 5-grass pollen sublingual tablet was safe and well tolerated. A requirement for a measurable level of allergen-specific serum IgE should be considered in future studies in this field.
TL;DR: In this paper, measurements of the polarization of W bosons in top quark decays, derived from ttbar events with missing transverse momentum, one charged lepton and at least four jets, were presented.
Abstract: This paper presents measurements of the polarization of W bosons in top quark decays, derived from ttbar events with missing transverse momentum, one charged lepton and at least four jets, or two charged leptons and at least two jets. Data from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV were collected with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.04 fb^-1. The measured fractions of longitudinally, left- and right-handed polarization are F_0=0.67+/-0.07, F_L=0.32+/-0.04 and F_R=0.01+/-0.05, in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. As the polarization of the W bosons in top quark decays is sensitive to the Wtb vertex Lorentz structure and couplings, the measurements were used to set limits on anomalous contributions to the Wtb couplings.
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, a compilation of present knowledge about coral reefs in the Persian Gulf is presented, which guides the reader through environmental and geological determinants of reefbuilding, through the dynamics of reef corals and reef fishes, to the taxonomy of key reef organisms.
Abstract: This book treats coral reefs in the water body enclosed between Iran and the Arabian peninsula that in this book we refer to as “The Gulf”. The area is variably also known as the Persian or Arabian Gulf, or as the ROPME Inner Sea Area. The Gulf has a long research history and a compilation of present knowledge about its reefs is timely. In 16 chapters, this book guides the reader through environmental and geological determinants of reefbuilding, through the dynamics of reef corals and reef fishes, to the taxonomy of key reef organisms. Also the importance of artificial structures as novel reef substrates is discussed.
TL;DR: Classical and reversed managements of metastatic liver disease in colorectal cancer are associated with similar survival when successfully completed.
Abstract: Classical and reversed managements of metastatic liver disease in colorectal cancer are associated with similar survival when successfully completed.