Showing papers by "Nova Southeastern University published in 2021"
Daniel J. Klionsky1, Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz2, Sara Abdelfatah3, Mahmoud Abdellatif4 +2980 more•Institutions (777)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes.
Abstract: In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
1,129 citations
National Institutes of Health1, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute2, University of Cambridge3, Rockefeller University4, University of California, Davis5, Leibniz Association6, Seoul National University7, University of Southern California8, European Bioinformatics Institute9, Max Planck Society10, Dresden University of Technology11, Radboud University Nijmegen12, University of St Andrews13, University of Massachusetts Amherst14, University of Adelaide15, University of Missouri16, East Carolina University17, University of Queensland18, Clemson University19, University of Otago20, University of Arizona21, Natural History Museum22, Bangor University23, University of Konstanz24, Harvard University25, Northeastern University26, National Museum of Natural History27, University of Antwerp28, University of Graz29, University of Florida30, University of Basel31, University of California, Santa Cruz32, Zoological Society of San Diego33, Pacific Biosciences34, Pompeu Fabra University35, University of Maryland, College Park36, Harbin Institute of Technology37, University of Chicago38, Oregon Health & Science University39, Monash University Malaysia Campus40, Qatar Airways41, University of Milan42, Goethe University Frankfurt43, Pennsylvania State University44, University of Los Andes45, University of Copenhagen46, Norwegian University of Science and Technology47, Agency for Science, Technology and Research48, Royal Ontario Museum49, Smithsonian Institution50, Howard Hughes Medical Institute51, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research52, University of East Anglia53, University College Dublin54, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign55, La Trobe University56, University of California, San Diego57, Nova Southeastern University58
TL;DR: The Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP) as mentioned in this paper is an international effort to generate high quality, complete reference genomes for all of the roughly 70,000 extant vertebrate species and to help to enable a new era of discovery across the life sciences.
Abstract: High-quality and complete reference genome assemblies are fundamental for the application of genomics to biology, disease, and biodiversity conservation. However, such assemblies are available for only a few non-microbial species1-4. To address this issue, the international Genome 10K (G10K) consortium5,6 has worked over a five-year period to evaluate and develop cost-effective methods for assembling highly accurate and nearly complete reference genomes. Here we present lessons learned from generating assemblies for 16 species that represent six major vertebrate lineages. We confirm that long-read sequencing technologies are essential for maximizing genome quality, and that unresolved complex repeats and haplotype heterozygosity are major sources of assembly error when not handled correctly. Our assemblies correct substantial errors, add missing sequence in some of the best historical reference genomes, and reveal biological discoveries. These include the identification of many false gene duplications, increases in gene sizes, chromosome rearrangements that are specific to lineages, a repeated independent chromosome breakpoint in bat genomes, and a canonical GC-rich pattern in protein-coding genes and their regulatory regions. Adopting these lessons, we have embarked on the Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP), an international effort to generate high-quality, complete reference genomes for all of the roughly 70,000 extant vertebrate species and to help to enable a new era of discovery across the life sciences.
647 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used multinomial regression to identify factors associated with intention to delay or refuse to take COVID-19 vaccines in Portugal, finding that 56% would wait and 9% refuse.
366 citations
University of California1, Duke University2, University of Glasgow3, University of Brescia4, Harvard University5, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill6, University of Minnesota7, University of Copenhagen8, Saarland University9, Medical University of Vienna10, Imperial College London11, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile12, Linköping University13, University of Utah14, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens15, Nova Southeastern University16, Comenius University in Bratislava17, Sofia Medical University18, Henry Ford Hospital19, Peking Union Medical College20, Middlemore Hospital21, St. Vincent's Health System22, Moscow State University23, Université de Montréal24, Wrocław Medical University25, University of São Paulo26, Vilnius University27, University of Cape Town28, Masaryk University29, University Hospital of Bern30, St John of God Health Care31, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy32, University of Groningen33, Dokuz Eylül University34, University of Lorraine35, Amgen36
TL;DR: Among patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection, patients who received omecamtiv mecarbil had a lower incidence of a composite of a heart-failure event or death from cardiovascular causes than those who received placebo.
Abstract: Background The selective cardiac myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil has been shown to improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. Its effect ...
341 citations
University of Patras1, University of Bristol2, University of Copenhagen3, University of Mainz4, Autonomous University of Barcelona5, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust6, University of London7, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University8, Lund University9, University of Porto10, University of Nicosia11, Imperial College London12, University of Oslo13, Newcastle University14, Freeman Hospital15, Nova Southeastern University16, University of Liège17, Ghent University18, Uppsala University19, Mayo Clinic20, Inova Fairfax Hospital21, Erasmus University Rotterdam22
TL;DR: The European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2021 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Venous Thrombosis as discussed by the authors have been published for the management of venous thrombotic vessels.
240 citations
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030, were presented in this paper.
176 citations
University of Colorado Denver1, University of Manitoba2, Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center3, McMaster University4, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center5, University of Michigan6, University of Ottawa7, University of Manchester8, Montreal Children's Hospital9, University of Cincinnati10, University of Rochester11, Children's Hospital at Westmead12, Mayo Clinic13, University of British Columbia14, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University15, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center16, Queen's University17, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust18, National Institutes of Health19, Ohio State University20, Washington University in St. Louis21, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland22, Campbelltown Hospital23, Scripps Health24, Cleveland Clinic25, University of South Florida26, University of Cape Town27, University of Tennessee Health Science Center28, Boston Children's Hospital29, NorthShore University HealthSystem30, Rutgers University31, Royal Children's Hospital32, University of Western Ontario33, Kaiser Permanente34, University of Pennsylvania35, University of Nebraska–Lincoln36, Imperial College Healthcare37, Nova Southeastern University38, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai39, Humboldt University of Berlin40, University of Alberta41, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine42
TL;DR: In this article, a multidisciplinary group of international experts in anaphylaxis composed of allergy, infectious disease, emergency medicine, and front-line clinicians to systematically develop recommendations regarding SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immediate allergic reactions.
131 citations
University of Sydney1, Nova Southeastern University2, University of Technology, Sydney3, Macquarie University4, University of New South Wales5, Imperial College London6, University Hospital of North Norway7, Universidade Nova de Lisboa8, Instituto Politécnico Nacional9, Brigham and Women's Hospital10
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effectiveness of physical activity interventions involving mobile applications (apps) or trackers with automated and continuous self-monitoring and feedback.
Abstract: Objective To determine the effectiveness of physical activity interventions involving mobile applications (apps) or trackers with automated and continuous self-monitoring and feedback. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed and seven additional databases, from 2007 to 2020. Study selection Randomised controlled trials in adults (18–65 years old) without chronic illness, testing a mobile app or an activity tracker, with any comparison, where the main outcome was a physical activity measure. Independent screening was conducted. Data extraction and synthesis We conducted random effects meta-analysis and all effect sizes were transformed into standardised difference in means (SDM). We conducted exploratory metaregression with continuous and discrete moderators identified as statistically significant in subgroup analyses. Main outcome measures Physical activity: daily step counts, min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, weekly days exercised, min/week of total physical activity, metabolic equivalents. Results Thirty-five studies met inclusion criteria and 28 were included in the meta-analysis (n=7454 participants, 28% women). The meta-analysis showed a small-to-moderate positive effect on physical activity measures (SDM 0.350, 95% CI 0.236 to 0.465, I2=69%, T2=0.051) corresponding to 1850 steps per day (95% CI 1247 to 2457). Interventions including text-messaging and personalisation features were significantly more effective in subgroup analyses and metaregression. Conclusion Interventions using apps or trackers seem to be effective in promoting physical activity. Longer studies are needed to assess the impact of different intervention components on long-term engagement and effectiveness.
104 citations
University of Düsseldorf1, University of Bergen2, Haukeland University Hospital3, Aarhus University Hospital4, Paracelsus Private Medical University of Salzburg5, Autonomous University of Barcelona6, Geneva College7, University of Bern8, Jagiellonian University Medical College9, Medical University of Lublin10, University of Tripoli11, Innsbruck Medical University12, Ghent University Hospital13, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital14, Norwegian University of Science and Technology15, Nova Southeastern University16, Humanitas University17, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust18, University of Paris19
TL;DR: Frailty provides relevant prognostic information in elderly COVID-19 patients in addition to age and comorbidities, and was independently associated with lower survival.
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has led highly developed healthcare systems to the brink of collapse due to the large numbers of patients being admitted into hospitals. One of the potential prognostic indicators in patients with COVID-19 is frailty. The degree of frailty could be used to assist both the triage into intensive care, and decisions regarding treatment limitations. Our study sought to determine the interaction of frailty and age in elderly COVID-19 ICU patients. A prospective multicentre study of COVID-19 patients ≥ 70 years admitted to intensive care in 138 ICUs from 28 countries was conducted. The primary endpoint was 30-day mortality. Frailty was assessed using the clinical frailty scale. Additionally, comorbidities, management strategies and treatment limitations were recorded.
The study included 1346 patients (28% female) with a median age of 75 years (IQR 72–78, range 70–96), 16.3% were older than 80 years, and 21% of the patients were frail. The overall survival at 30 days was 59% (95% CI 56–62), with 66% (63–69) in fit, 53% (47–61) in vulnerable and 41% (35–47) in frail patients (p < 0.001). In frail patients, there was no difference in 30-day survival between different age categories. Frailty was linked to an increased use of treatment limitations and less use of mechanical ventilation. In a model controlling for age, disease severity, sex, treatment limitations and comorbidities, frailty was independently associated with lower survival. Frailty provides relevant prognostic information in elderly COVID-19 patients in addition to age and comorbidities. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04321265
, registered 19 March 2020.
101 citations
Victoria University of Wellington1, University of Western Australia2, Australian Research Council3, University of Paris4, Nova Southeastern University5, University of Amsterdam6, University of Exeter7, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration8, University of Miami9, Hawaii Pacific University10, James Cook University11, Australian Institute of Marine Science12, Curtin University13, California State University, Northridge14, Griffith University15, California State University16, University of Queensland17, Southern Cross University18, University of New South Wales19
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the majority of coral reefs will be unable to maintain positive net carbonate production globally by the year 2100 under representative concentration pathways RCP4.5 and 8.5, while even under RCP2.6, Coral reefs will suffer reduced accretion rates.
Abstract: Ocean warming and acidification threaten the future growth of coral reefs. This is because the calcifying coral reef taxa that construct the calcium carbonate frameworks and cement the reef together are highly sensitive to ocean warming and acidification. However, the global-scale effects of ocean warming and acidification on rates of coral reef net carbonate production remain poorly constrained despite a wealth of studies assessing their effects on the calcification of individual organisms. Here, we present global estimates of projected future changes in coral reef net carbonate production under ocean warming and acidification. We apply a meta-analysis of responses of coral reef taxa calcification and bioerosion rates to predicted changes in coral cover driven by climate change to estimate the net carbonate production rates of 183 reefs worldwide by 2050 and 2100. We forecast mean global reef net carbonate production under representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 will decline by 76, 149, and 156%, respectively, by 2100. While 63% of reefs are projected to continue to accrete by 2100 under RCP2.6, 94% will be eroding by 2050 under RCP8.5, and no reefs will continue to accrete at rates matching projected sea level rise under RCP4.5 or 8.5 by 2100. Projected reduced coral cover due to bleaching events predominately drives these declines rather than the direct physiological impacts of ocean warming and acidification on calcification or bioerosion. Presently degraded reefs were also more sensitive in our analysis. These findings highlight the low likelihood that the world's coral reefs will maintain their functional roles without near-term stabilization of atmospheric CO2 emissions.
97 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the intensity of active surveillance in patients with rectal cancer managed by a watch-and-wait approach could be reduced if they achieve and maintain a clinical complete response within the first 3 years of starting this approach.
Abstract: Summary Background Watch and wait is a novel management strategy in patients with rectal cancer who have a clinical complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Surveillance of these patients is generally intensive, because local regrowth (with the potential for salvage) occurs in 25% of patients, and distant metastases occur in 10% of patients. It is unclear for how long these patients should be followed up. To address this issue, we did conditional survival modelling using the International Watch & Wait Database (IWWD), which is a large-scale registry of patients with a clinical complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy who have been managed by a watch-and-wait strategy. Methods We did a retrospective, multicentre registry study using a dataset from the IWWD, which includes data from 47 clinics across 15 countries. We selected patients (aged ≥18 years) with rectal cancer who had a clinical complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and who were subsequently managed by a watch-and-wait strategy between Nov 25, 1991, and Dec 31, 2015. Patients who had not achieved a clinical complete response or who had undergone any surgical procedure were excluded. The criteria used for defining a clinical complete response and the specific surveillance strategies were at the discretion of each participating centre. We used conditional survival modelling to estimate the probability of patients remaining free of local regrowth or distant metastasis for an additional 2 years after sustaining a clinical complete response or being distant metastasis-free for 1, 3, and 5 years from the date of the decision to commence watch and wait. The primary outcomes were conditional local regrowth-free survival at 3 years, and conditional distant metastasis-free survival at 5 years. Findings We identified 793 patients in the IWWD with clinical complete response who had been managed by a watch-and-wait strategy. Median follow-up was 55·2 months (IQR 36·0–75·6). The probability of remaining free from local regrowth for an additional 2 years if a patient had a sustained clinical complete response for 1 year was 88·1% (95% CI 85·8–90·9), for 3 years was 97·3% (95·2–98·6), and for 5 years was 98·6% (97·6–100·0). The probably of remaining free from distant metastasis for a further 2 years in patients who had a clinical complete response without distant metastasis for 1 year was 93·8% (92·3–95·9), for 3 years was 97·8% (96·6–99·3), and for 5 years was 96·6% (94·0–98·9). Interpretation These results suggest that the intensity of active surveillance in patients with rectal cancer managed by a watch-and-wait approach could be reduced if they achieve and maintain a clinical complete response within the first 3 years of starting this approach. Funding European Registration of Cancer Care, financed by the European Society of Surgical Oncology, the Champalimaud Foundation Lisbon, the Bas Mulder Award, granted by the Alpe d’HuZes Foundation and the Dutch Cancer Society, the European Research Council Advanced Grant, and the National Institute of Health and Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre.
Institute of Cancer Research1, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust2, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven3, Western General Hospital4, Nova Southeastern University5, University of Nottingham6, Leiden University Medical Center7, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center8, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong9, Curie Institute10
TL;DR: A multidisciplinary taskforce, including members of the European Society of Breast Cancer Specialists and International Society of Geriatric Oncology, gathered to expand and update the previous 2012 evidence-based recommendations for the management of breast cancer in older individuals as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Breast cancer is increasingly prevalent in older adults and is a substantial part of routine oncology practice However, management of breast cancer in this population is challenging because the disease is highly heterogeneous and there is insufficient evidence specific to older adults Decision making should not be driven by age alone but should involve geriatric assessments plus careful consideration of life expectancy, competing risks of mortality, and patient preferences A multidisciplinary taskforce, including members of the European Society of Breast Cancer Specialists and International Society of Geriatric Oncology, gathered to expand and update the previous 2012 evidence-based recommendations for the management of breast cancer in older individuals with the endorsement of the European Cancer Organisation These guidelines were expanded to include chemotherapy toxicity prediction calculators, cultural and social considerations, surveillance imaging, genetic screening, gene expression profiles, neoadjuvant systemic treatment options, bone-modifying drugs, targeted therapies, and supportive care Recommendations on geriatric assessment, ductal carcinoma in situ, screening, primary endocrine therapy, surgery, radiotherapy, adjuvant systemic therapy, and secondary breast cancer were updated
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a variety of methods, which involved an on-line survey on the influences of social isolation using a non-probability sampling, to identify the perceived consequences of this on staff and their work and on students and their studies at universities.
Abstract: Background: “The impacts of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the shutdown it triggered at universities across the world, led to a great degree of social isolation among university staff and students. The aim of this study was to identify the perceived consequences of this on staff and their work and on students and their studies at universities. Method: The study used a variety of methods, which involved an on-line survey on the influences of social isolation using a non-probability sampling. More specifically, two techniques were used, namely a convenience sampling (i.e. involving members of the academic community, which are easy to reach by the study team), supported by a snow ball sampling (recruiting respondents among acquaintances of the participants). A total of 711 questionnaires from 41 countries were received. Descriptive statistics were deployed to analyse trends and to identify socio-demographic differences. Inferential statistics were used to assess significant differences among the geographical regions, work areas and other socio-demographic factors related to impacts of social isolation of university staff and students. Results: The study reveals that 90% of the respondents have been affected by the shutdown and unable to perform normal work or studies at their institution for between 1 week to 2 months. While 70% of the respondents perceive negative impacts of COVID 19 on their work or studies, more than 60% of them value the additional time that they have had indoors with families and others. Conclusions: While the majority of the respondents agree that they suffered from the lack of social interaction and communication during the social distancing/isolation, there were significant differences in the reactions to the lockdowns between academic staff and students. There are also differences in the degree of influence of some of the problems, when compared across geographical regions. In addition to policy actions that may be deployed, further research on innovative methods of teaching and communication with students is needed in order to allow staff and students to better cope with social isolation in cases of new or recurring pandemics.
TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical framework of keyhole-induced porosity formation and methods to suppress porosity in laser beam oscillating welding was presented, where an adaptive rotated Gaussian volumetric heat source was developed for analysis of the heat input and temperature distribution during laser oscillation welding.
Abstract: This paper presents a numerical framework of keyhole-induced porosity formation and methods to suppress porosity in laser beam oscillating welding. Circular and infinity oscillating paths with amplitude of 2 mm and frequencies of 100 Hz and 200 Hz were used. A numerical model for multiple phases, including solid metal, liquid metal and shielding gas is presented using the commercial software FLUENT. An adaptive rotated Gaussian volumetric heat source was developed for analysis of the heat input and temperature distribution during laser oscillating welding. The mechanism of porosity formation caused by keyhole collapse is studied by means of numerical analysis and experiments, and compared to conventional laser welding without oscillation. The numerical simulations were in good agreement with the experimental results. It can be concluded that upon the use of oscillation during welding, porosity decreased and was fully inhibited when using infinity-oscillating path with a frequency of 200 Hz. The developed multi-physics model aids in understanding the dynamics characteristics and keyhole-induced porosity formation during laser beam oscillating welding of 5A06 aluminum alloy.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors combine observational agricultural data (FAOSTAT) with an extreme weather disaster database (EM-DAT) between 1961 and 2018 to evaluate European crop production responses to EWD.
Abstract: Extreme weather disasters (EWD) can jeopardize domestic food supply and disrupt commodity markets. However, historical impacts on European crop production associated with droughts, heatwaves, floods, and cold waves are not well understood - especially in view of potential adverse trends in the severity of impacts due to climate change. Here, we combine observational agricultural data (FAOSTAT) with an extreme weather disaster database (EM-DAT) between 1961 and 2018 to evaluate European crop production responses to EWD. Using a compositing approach (superposed epoch analysis), we show that historical droughts and heatwaves reduced European cereal yields on average by 9 and 7.3%, respectively, associated with a wide range of responses (inter-quartile range +2 to -23%; +2 to -17%). Non-cereal yields declined by 3.8 and 3.1% during the same set of events. Cold waves led to cereal and non-cereal yield declines by 1.3 and 2.6%, while flood impacts were marginal and not statistically significant. Production losses are largely driven by yield declines, with no significant changes in harvested area. While all four event frequencies significantly increased over time, the severity of heatwave and drought impacts on crop production roughly tripled over the last 50 years, from –2.2 (1964-1990) to -7.3% (1991-2015). Drought-related cereal production losses are shown to intensify by more than 3% per year. Both the trend in frequency and severity can possibly be explained by changes in the vulnerability of the exposed system and underlying climate change impacts.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a survey to assess COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among medical students and Dental students and found that medical students were 2.7 times more likely than dental students to not get the vaccine.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Dental students (DS) and medical students (MS) are exposed to COVID-19. It is important to achieve high COVID-19 vaccination coverage rates in both of these groups. The authors developed a survey to assess COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among MS and DS. METHODS: The authors conducted the study at 3 US dental schools and 1 US medical school using an online survey that assessed previous immunization behavior, attitudes about and perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines, and personal experience with COVID-19. RESULTS: A total of 248 DS and 167 MS completed the survey. Forty-five percent of DS and 23% of MS were hesitant about receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Results of bivariate analyses found that MS were 2.7 times more likely than DS to receive the vaccine (odds ratio, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.76 to 4.31; P = .0001). Although DS were more likely than MS (P < .05) to have had COVID-19 and to personally know someone who had COVID-19, MS were more likely to agree with mandates and trust information about the vaccines. In multivariable analyses, after controlling for demographic variables, experience with COVID-19, and personal vaccination behaviors, being a MS or DS was no longer predictive of willingness to get the vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the need for profession-specific curricula designed to enhance student knowledge about the vaccines and vaccine counseling skills. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The American Dental Association supports dentists administering vaccines, including the COVID-19 vaccines. Dentists and DS should be willing to receive the vaccines themselves. Education about the vaccines is needed to improve uptake.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted 43 semi-structured interviews with companies engaged with circular economy in Italy and the Netherlands to obtain a better picture of how these firms view the importance of the social dimension as part of the assessment of CE practices, what the barriers to conducting social assessment are, and whether they have experience with assessing social sustainability aspects within their companies and supply chains.
Scripps Health1, Charité2, Université Paris-Saclay3, Tufts University4, Johns Hopkins University5, University of Birmingham6, National Institute for Health Research7, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust8, Nova Southeastern University9, University of Udine10, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich11, Edge Hill University12, Novartis13
TL;DR: The VAY736A2201 trial as mentioned in this paper evaluated the safety and efficacy of different subcutaneous doses of ianalumab in patients with moderate to severe primary Sjogren's syndrome.
TL;DR: In this paper, an Ultracold-Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (UC-WAAM) was proposed, in which the electric arc is established between the wire feedstock material and a non-consumable tungsten electrode.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation, was tested to reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions.
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world.
TL;DR: Treating COVID-19 as a systemic condition is imperative, with the increase in takotsubo syndrome marking a significant impact of the novel coronavirus.
Max Planck Society1, VU University Amsterdam2, University of Mainz3, ETH Zurich4, Paul Scherrer Institute5, University of Stuttgart6, University of Coimbra7, Nova Southeastern University8, PSL Research University9, National Tsing Hua University10, University of Aveiro11, TRIUMF12, Claude Bernard University Lyon 113, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich14, Lund University15
TL;DR: In this paper, the root-mean-square charge radius of a muonic helium-4 ion was determined using laser spectroscopy, which is in excellent agreement with the value from electron scattering, but a factor of 4.8 more precise.
Abstract: The energy levels of hydrogen-like atomic systems can be calculated with great precision. Starting from their quantum mechanical solution, they have been refined over the years to include the electron spin, the relativistic and quantum field effects, and tiny energy shifts related to the complex structure of the nucleus. These energy shifts caused by the nuclear structure are vastly magnified in hydrogen-like systems formed by a negative muon and a nucleus, so spectroscopy of these muonic ions can be used to investigate the nuclear structure with high precision. Here we present the measurement of two 2S–2P transitions in the muonic helium-4 ion that yields a precise determination of the root-mean-square charge radius of the α particle of 1.67824(83) femtometres. This determination from atomic spectroscopy is in excellent agreement with the value from electron scattering1, but a factor of 4.8 more precise, providing a benchmark for few-nucleon theories, lattice quantum chromodynamics and electron scattering. This agreement also constrains several beyond-standard-model theories proposed to explain the proton-radius puzzle2–5, in line with recent determinations of the proton charge radius6–9, and establishes spectroscopy of light muonic atoms and ions as a precise tool for studies of nuclear properties. The 2S–2P transitions in muonic helium-4 ions are measured using laser spectroscopy and used to obtain an α-particle charge-radius value five times more precise than that from electron scattering.
TL;DR: In this paper, an international renowned team of research experts was formed to perform an evidence-based scientific evaluation of the literature regarding the efficacy and safety of creatine supplementation, and they found that creatine is relatively well tolerated, especially at recommended dosages (i.e., 3-5 g/day or 1 g/kg of body mass/day).
Abstract: Supplementing with creatine is very popular amongst athletes and exercising individuals for improving muscle mass, performance and recovery Accumulating evidence also suggests that creatine supplementation produces a variety of beneficial effects in older and patient populations Furthermore, evidence-based research shows that creatine supplementation is relatively well tolerated, especially at recommended dosages (ie 3-5 g/day or 01 g/kg of body mass/day) Although there are over 500 peer-refereed publications involving creatine supplementation, it is somewhat surprising that questions regarding the efficacy and safety of creatine still remain These include, but are not limited to: 1 Does creatine lead to water retention? 2 Is creatine an anabolic steroid? 3 Does creatine cause kidney damage/renal dysfunction? 4 Does creatine cause hair loss / baldness? 5 Does creatine lead to dehydration and muscle cramping? 6 Is creatine harmful for children and adolescents? 7 Does creatine increase fat mass? 8 Is a creatine ‘loading-phase’ required? 9 Is creatine beneficial for older adults? 10 Is creatine only useful for resistance / power type activities? 11 Is creatine only effective for males? 12 Are other forms of creatine similar or superior to monohydrate and is creatine stable in solutions/beverages? To answer these questions, an internationally renowned team of research experts was formed to perform an evidence-based scientific evaluation of the literature regarding creatine supplementation
University of Sharjah1, Islamia University2, Nova Southeastern University3, University of Texas at Austin4, University of Malakand5, University of KwaZulu-Natal6, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology7, Lincoln University (Pennsylvania)8, Universiti Teknologi MARA9, University of Sargodha10, Umm al-Qura University11
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have summarized preparation methods, mechanism of cloaking, and pharmaceutical and therapeutic superiority of cell-membrane camouflaged nanomedicines in improving the bio-imaging and immunotherapy against various types of malignancies.
Haukeland University Hospital1, University of Paris2, Norwegian University of Science and Technology3, Autonomous University of Barcelona4, University of Tripoli5, Aarhus University Hospital6, Innsbruck Medical University7, University of Düsseldorf8, St George's Hospital9, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital10, Nova Southeastern University11, Ghent University Hospital12, University of Bern13, Jagiellonian University Medical College14, Linköping University15, St. George's University16
TL;DR: In this article, a sub-study within a larger outcome study of elderly ICU patients in Europe (the VIP-2 study) in order to document the reliability of the clinical frailty scale (CFS) is presented.
Abstract: Frailty is a valuable predictor for outcome in elderly ICU patients, and has been suggested to be used in various decision-making processes prior to and during an ICU admission There are many instruments developed to assess frailty, but few of them can be used in emergency situations In this setting the clinical frailty scale (CFS) is frequently used The present study is a sub-study within a larger outcome study of elderly ICU patients in Europe (the VIP-2 study) in order to document the reliability of the CFS From the VIP-2 study, 129 ICUs in 20 countries participated in this sub-study The patients were acute admissions ≥ 80 years of age and frailty was assessed at admission by two independent observers using the CFS Information was obtained from the patient, if not feasible, from the family/caregivers or from hospital files The profession of the rater and source of data were recorded along with the score Interrater variability was calculated using linear weighted kappa analysis 1923 pairs of assessors were included and background data of patients were similar to the whole cohort (n = 3920) We found a very high inter-rater agreement (weighted kappa 086), also in subgroup analyses The agreement when comparing information from family or hospital records was better than using only direct patient information, and pairs of raters from same profession performed better than from different professions Overall, we documented a high reliability using CFS in this setting This frailty score could be used more frequently in elderly ICU patients in order to create a more holistic and realistic impression of the patient´s condition prior to ICU admission
TL;DR: The nanocomposite of ZnHA-rGO in PCL scaffold matrix significantly improved the osteogenic differentiation and, thus, it is a viable option for effective regeneration of damaged bone tissue.
TL;DR: A review of the current knowledge in this area, with an emphasis placed on the role of NO as an anticancer therapy and dysregulated molecular interactions during the evolution of cancer, highlighting the strategies that may aid in the targeting of cancer.
TL;DR: In this article, an improved free surface tracing method using the volume of fluid (VOF) technique was proposed to more effectively track the free surface of the molten pool with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT.
Abstract: Ultra high-frequency pulsed gas tungsten arc welding (UHFP-GTAW)-based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) was used to fabricate thin walls of NiTi shape memory alloys. The transient heat and fluid flow are critical during fusion-based additive manufacturing, since they impact the as-built microstructure. In this work, a three-dimensional numerical model, which includes the force, surface Gauss heat source and periodic droplet transfer models, was developed to simulate the deposition of 5 layers. The gravity, buoyancy, electromagnetic, surface tension, arc pressure and arc shear stress are considered in the developed force model. An improved free surface tracing method using the volume of fluid (VOF) technique was proposed to more effectively track the free surface of the molten pool with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT. The multiphysic phenomena associated to the process, namely the temperature and velocity fields of the molten pool, were studied. The model was then validated by experiments. It is revealed that the microstructure of the as-built parts is refined by the UHFP current power which induces significant vibration of the molten pool. These findings lay the foundations for optimizing the WAAM process aiming at fabricating high quality and complex NiTi parts.