Institution
Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre
Healthcare•Oxford, United Kingdom•
About: Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre is a healthcare organization based out in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Arthroplasty. The organization has 2082 authors who have published 2920 publications receiving 145718 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: The discovery and development of the bisphosphonates (BPs) as a major class of drugs for the treatment of bone diseases has been a fascinating story, and a paradigm of a successful journey from 'bench to bedside'.
905 citations
••
TL;DR: The observed differences in kinetic binding affinities, HAP zeta potentials, and interfacial tension are likely to contribute to the biological properties of the various bisphosphonates and may contribute to differences in uptake and persistence in bone and the reversibility of effects.
818 citations
••
TL;DR: It is suggested that physical activity interventions have a moderate effect on self reported physical activity and cardio-respiratory fitness, but not on achieving a predetermined level of physical activity.
Abstract: Background
Little is known about the effectiveness of strategies to enable people to achieve and maintain recommended levels of physical activity.
Objectives
To assess the effectiveness of interventions designed to promote physical activity in adults aged 16 years and older, not living in an institution.
Search methods
We searched The Cochrane Library (issue 1 2005), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycLIT, BIDS ISI, SPORTDISCUS, SIGLE, SCISEARCH (from earliest dates available to December 2004). Reference lists of relevant articles were checked. No language restrictions were applied.
Selection criteria
Randomised controlled trials that compared different interventions to encourage sedentary adults not living in an institution to become physically active. Studies required a minimum of six months follow up from the start of the intervention to the collection of final data and either used an intention-to-treat analysis or, failing that, had no more than 20% loss to follow up.
Data collection and analysis
At least two reviewers independently assessed each study quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted for additional information where necessary. Standardised mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for continuous measures of self-reported physical activity and cardio-respiratory fitness. For studies with dichotomous outcomes, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
Main results
The effect of interventions on self-reported physical activity (19 studies; 7598 participants) was positive and moderate (pooled SMD random effects model 0.28 95% CI 0.15 to 0.41) as was the effect of interventions (11 studies; 2195 participants) on cardio-respiratory fitness (pooled SMD random effects model 0.52 95% CI 0.14 to 0.90). There was significant heterogeneity in the reported effects as well as heterogeneity in characteristics of the interventions. The heterogeneity in reported effects was reduced in higher quality studies, when physical activity was self-directed with some professional guidance and when there was on-going professional support.
Authors' conclusions
Our review suggests that physical activity interventions have a moderate effect on self-reported physical activity, on achieving a predetermined level of physical activity and cardio-respiratory fitness. Due to the clinical and statistical heterogeneity of the studies, only limited conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of individual components of the interventions. Future studies should provide greater detail of the components of interventions.
708 citations
••
The George Institute for Global Health1, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre2, Southampton General Hospital3, National Institute for Health Research4, University College London5, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust6, National Institutes of Health7, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics8, University of Glasgow9, University of Oxford10
TL;DR: A moderate decline in standardised incidence of heart failure in the UK is increasing, and is now similar to the four most common causes of cancer combined, while Socioeconomically deprived individuals were more likely to develop heart failure than were affluent individuals.
707 citations
••
TL;DR: It is recommended that five or six specimens be sent, that the cutoff for a definite diagnosis of infection be three or more operative specimens that yield an indistinguishable organism, and that because of its low level of sensitivity, Gram staining should be abandoned as a diagnostic tool at elective revision arthroplasty.
Abstract: A prospective study was performed to establish criteria for the microbiological diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection at elective revision arthroplasty. Patients were treated in a multidisciplinary unit dedicated to the management and study of musculoskeletal infection. Standard multiple samples of periprosthetic tissue were obtained at surgery, Gram stained, and cultured by direct and enrichment methods. With reference to histology as the criterion standard, sensitivities, specificities, and likelihood ratios (LRs) were calculated by using different cutoffs for the diagnosis of infection. We performed revisions on 334 patients over a 17-month period, of whom 297 were evaluable. The remaining 37 were excluded because histology results were unavailable or could not be interpreted due to underlying inflammatory joint disease. There were 41 infections, with only 65% of all samples sent from infected patients being culture positive, suggesting low numbers of bacteria in the samples taken. The isolation of an indistinguishable microorganism from three or more independent specimens was highly predictive of infection (sensitivity, 65%; specificity, 99.6%; LR, 168.6), while Gram staining was less useful (sensitivity, 12%; specificity, 98%; LR, 10). A simple mathematical model was developed to predict the performance of the diagnostic test. We recommend that five or six specimens be sent, that the cutoff for a definite diagnosis of infection be three or more operative specimens that yield an indistinguishable organism, and that because of its low level of sensitivity, Gram staining should be abandoned as a diagnostic tool at elective revision arthroplasty.
693 citations
Authors
Showing all 2120 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Douglas G. Altman | 253 | 1001 | 680344 |
George Davey Smith | 224 | 2540 | 248373 |
Cyrus Cooper | 204 | 1869 | 206782 |
James J. Collins | 151 | 669 | 89476 |
Richard J.H. Smith | 118 | 1308 | 61779 |
Andrew Carr | 111 | 842 | 54974 |
Paul Dieppe | 105 | 618 | 53529 |
Matthew A. Brown | 103 | 748 | 59727 |
David W. Murray | 97 | 699 | 43372 |
Ray Fitzpatrick | 95 | 477 | 40322 |
Derrick W. Crook | 92 | 474 | 29885 |
Richard W Morris | 91 | 519 | 35165 |
Richard J. K. Taylor | 91 | 1543 | 43893 |
Sharon J. Peacock | 90 | 494 | 33352 |
Derick T Wade | 90 | 398 | 37413 |