Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre

About: Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre is a healthcare organization based out in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Arthroplasty. The organization has 2082 authors who have published 2920 publications receiving 145718 citations.

The response of muscle to leg lengthening

Abstract: We used an experimental rabbit model of leg lengthening to study the morphology and function of muscle after different distraction rates. Lengthening was in twice-daily increments from 0.4 to 4 mm per day. New contractile tissue formed during lengthening, but some damage to the muscle fibres was seen even at rates of less than 1 mm per day; abnormalities increased with larger rates of lengthening. There was proliferation of fibrous tissue between the muscle fibres at distraction rates of over 1 mm per day. Active muscle function showed adaptation when the rate was 1.0 mm per day or less, but muscle compliance was normal only after rates of 0.4 mm per day. Muscle responded more favourably at rates of distraction slower than those shown to lead to the most prolific bone formation. At present the rate of distraction in clinical practice is determined mainly by factors which enhance osteogenesis. Our study suggests that it may be advisable to use a slower rate of elongation in patients with poor muscle compliance associated with the underlying pathology; this will allow better accommodation by the contractile and connective tissues of the muscles.

Clinical Genetics of Craniosynostosis

Abstract: Purpose of reviewWhen providing accurate clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling in craniosynostosis, the challenge is heightened by knowledge that etiology in any individual case may be entirely genetic, entirely environmental, or anything in between. This review will scope out how recent genetic

Does arthroplasty type influence knee joint proprioception? A longitudinal prospective study comparing total and unicompartmental arthroplasty

Abstract: Proprioception was assessed after knee replacement to compare total (TKA) to unicompartmental (UKA) knee arthroplasty Thirty-four patients were recruited; seventeen patients underwent TKA and seventeen patients underwent UKA The patient's age was similar in both groups Two measures of proprioception, joint position sense (JPS) and postural sway (PS) were measured Function was assessed using the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) Measurements were taken pre-operatively and 6 months post-operatively on both the operated and contralateral leg Pre-operatively, no differences in JPS or PS were found between groups or between limbs in either group Post-operatively, both groups had significant improvement of JPS in the operated limb only (20% increase) The improvement in JPS was similar in both groups PS also improved significantly in both groups although the improvement of PS in the UKA group was twice that for the TKA group The OKS improved by a similar amount in both groups Both UKA and TKA result in a significant improvement in proprioception Dynamic aspects of proprioception improve more after UKA than TKA, which may explain, in part, why UKA patients have superior functional outcome to that of TKA patients

Osteonecrosis of the Jaw and the Role of Macrophages

Abstract: Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates have been associated with the development of osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ), but the lack of reliable epidemiological data and appropriate animal models has restricted our understanding of ONJ pathophysiology and limited its management. The best available information is from histopathologic findings, which implicate bone necrosis and infection, although it is not clear which is primary. However, there are data suggesting that macrophages could well be the central factor in allowing the infection to develop first, followed by local necrosis, which could also account for the development of ONJ in patients treated with denosumab, a human monoclonal antibody to the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand. This review examines the evidence that macrophages could play a prominent role in development of ONJ and the proposal that it may be more appropriate to view ONJ as a drug and not only a bisphosphonate-related complication.