Showing papers by "Ocean University of China published in 2011"
TL;DR: The present paper will provide an update on the structural chemistry of the major sulfated polysaccharides synthesized by seaweeds including the galactans, ulvans, and fucans and the recent findings on the anticoagulant/antithrombotic, antiviral, immuno-inflammatory, antilipidemic and antioxidant activities of sulfated Polysaccharide and their potential for therapeutic application.
Abstract: Sulfated polysaccharides and their lower molecular weight oligosaccharide derivatives from marine macroalgae have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. The present paper will review the recent progress in research on the structural chemistry and the bioactivities of these marine algal biomaterials. In particular, it will provide an update on the structural chemistry of the major sulfated polysaccharides synthesized by seaweeds including the galactans (e.g., agarans and carrageenans), ulvans, and fucans. It will then review the recent findings on the anticoagulant/antithrombotic, antiviral, immuno-inflammatory, antilipidemic and antioxidant activities of sulfated polysaccharides and their potential for therapeutic application.
834 citations
TL;DR: The large meta‐analysis suggests that APRI can identify hepatitis C‐related fibrosis with a moderate degree of accuracy and may decrease the need for staging liver biopsy specimens among chronic hepatitis C patients.
830 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets serving as lithium storage materials are presented, where they were prepared by heat treatment of graphite oxide under an ammonia atmosphere at 800 degrees C for 2 h.
Abstract: In this work, nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets serving as lithium storage materials are presented. The nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets were prepared by heat treatment of graphite oxide under an ammonia atmosphere at 800 degrees C for 2 h. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to characterize the prepared product as nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets with a doping level of ca. 2% nitrogen, where the N binding configuration of the graphene includes 57.4% pyridinic, 35.0% pyrrolic and 7.6% graphitic N atoms. Galvanostatic charge/discharge experiments revealed that these nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets exhibited a high reversible capacity (900 mA h g(-1) at 42 mA g(-1) (1/20 C)), excellent rate performance (250 mA h g(-1) at a current density of 2.1 A g(-1) (2.5 C)), and significantly enhanced cycling stability, which demonstrated nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets to be a promising candidate for anode materials in high rate lithium-ion batteries.
671 citations
TL;DR: There existed a remarkable synergistic effect in the GAC/PS combined system and SO(4)(-•) or HO•, generated on or near the surface of GAC, played a major role in the AO7 degradation.
412 citations
TL;DR: Elevated CuO nanotoxicity by SRFA was related to a combination of a lesser degree of aggregation, higher Cu(2+) release, and enhanced internalization of CuO NPs.
Abstract: This is the first study investigating the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) to algae in the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Suwannee river fulvic acid (SRFA), a type of DOM, could significantly increase the toxicity of CuO NPs to prokaryotic alga Microcystis aeruginosa. Internalization of CuO NPs was observed for the first time in the intact algal cells using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and the cell uptake was enhanced by SRFA. A fast Fourier transformation (FFT)/inversed FFT (IFFT) process revealed that a main form of intracellular NPs was Cu2O, and an intracellular environment may reduce CuO into Cu2O. The internalization behavior alone did not seem to pose a hazard to membrane integrity as shown from the flow cytometry data. Elevated CuO nanotoxicity by SRFA was related to a combination of a lesser degree of aggregation, higher Cu2+ release, and enhanced internalization of CuO NPs.
324 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, high-pressure granulites, gneisses and marbles were used to determine the timing of metamorphism of the high-temperature and high pressure granulite and associated gneises and marble cores in the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt.
323 citations
TL;DR: This novel SH-mSi@Fe(3)O(4) is suitable for repeated use in heavy metal removal from different water matrices and fitted well with Langmuir model, exhibiting high adsorption capacity.
314 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the North American Drought Atlas (NADA) database of tree-ring records to produce a continuous, annually resolved record of ENSO variability over the past 1,100 years.
Abstract: Our ability to predict El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activity is hampered by the relatively short length of the instrumental record. An annually resolved record of ENSO variability over the past millennium based on tree rings indicates that ENSO amplitude varies on a 50–90 year cycle, providing an important constraint for improving predictions. The El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant mode of interannual climate variability on Earth, alternating between anomalously warm (El Nino) and cold (La Nina) conditions in the tropical Pacific at intervals of 2–8 years1,2. The amplitude of ENSO variability affects the occurrence and predictability of climate extremes around the world3,4, but our ability to detect and predict changes in ENSO amplitude is limited by the fact that the instrumental record is too short to characterize its natural variability5,6,7,8. Here we use the North American Drought Atlas9,10—a database of drought reconstructions based on tree-ring records—to produce a continuous, annually resolved record of ENSO variability over the past 1,100 years. Our record is in broad agreement with independent, ENSO-sensitive proxy records in the Pacific and surrounding regions. Together, these records indicate that ENSO amplitude exhibits a quasi-regular cycle of 50–90 years that is closely coupled to the tropical Pacific mean state. Anomalously warm conditions in the eastern Pacific are associated with enhanced ENSO variability, consistent with model simulations11. The quasi-periodic ENSO amplitude modulation reported here offers a key observational constraint for improving models and their prediction of ENSO behaviour linked to global warming.
305 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of asymmetric polysulfone membranes was evaluated in terms of pure water flux (PWF), protein rejection, porosity, contact angle, tensile strength, and elongation at break.
285 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors constructed a time series of data on annual water discharges and sediment fluxes from these large rivers to the western Pacific Ocean covering the period 1950-2008 and found that the short-term variation of sediment flux is dominated by natural climatic oscillations such as the El Nino/La Nina cycle and that anthropogenic causes involving dams and land use control the long-term (decadal scale) decrease in sediment flux to the ocean.
275 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic basement of the North China Craton was assembled by microcontinental blocks along three collisional belts: the Khondalite Belt, the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt, and the Trans-North China Orogen.
Abstract: Columbia is a Palaeo-Mesoproterozoic supercontinent that was assembled during global 2.0–1.8 Ga collisional events, underwent long-lived, subduction-related accretion at key continental margins in the period 1.8–1.3 Ga, commenced to fragment ∼1.6 Ga ago, and finally broke up at ∼1.3 Ga. Similar to most other cratonic blocks (Laurentia, Baltica, Siberia, Amazonia, West African, South Africa, India, Australia, and Antarctica), the North China Craton records the history of assembly, accretion, and break-up of the Columbia supercontinent. New data indicate that the Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic basement of the North China Craton was assembled by microcontinental blocks along three Palaeoproterozoic collisional belts: the Khondalite Belt, the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt, and the Trans-North China Orogen. The Khondalite Belt was formed by collision between the Yinshan and Ordos blocks and was amalgamated to form the Western Block at ∼1.95 Ga. The Eastern Block underwent Palaeoproterozoic rifting at 2.2–1.9 Ga to break-up...
TL;DR: Dietary supplementation of B. subtilis at a dose of 1.35 × 10 7 cfu g −1 improved growth, feed efficiency ratio, non-specific immune responses and disease resistance of juvenile large yellow croaker.
TL;DR: In an especially dry year (2006) in the Changjiang Estuary, three cruises were conducted between June and October, to study the process of oxygen depletion, and the results showed that oxygen depletion in the southern region is milder and relatively long lived, whereas in the northern region it is more pronounced and short lived.
TL;DR: Inulin consists of linear chains of β-2,1-linked D-fructofuranose molecules terminated by a glucose residue through a sucrose-type linkage at the reducing end and can be widely used in food, feed, pharmaceutical, chemical and biofuels industries.
TL;DR: No obvious neurotoxicity effects were revealed since in both species, no changes in cholinesterasic activity occurred in response to both forms of Cu exposure and ecotoxicity effects seem to be related to CuO NPs themselves.
TL;DR: Anticoagulant activities of the four fCSs can be attributed to the difference in sulfation pattern of the fucose branch of the chondroitin sulfate, and 2,4- O -disulfation is important for anticoagULant activity.
TL;DR: It is suggested that O-GlcNAcylation might play important roles in lung and colon cancer formation and progression, and may be a valuable target for diagnosis and therapy of cancer.
TL;DR: In this article, a model of two-stage crustal anatexis is proposed for the Kwangsian granitic magma in the eastern South China Block, with the formation of 460-430-Ma granite through the breakdown of hydrous minerals under the condition of the doubly thickened crust, and the generation of the 430-400 -Ma granite accompanying promoted melting along a path of isothermal decompression due to the increasing thermal weakening for the collapse of the thickening crust.
TL;DR: De novo transcriptome sequencing is performed to first produce a comprehensive expressed sequence tag (EST) dataset for the Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) and provides the most comprehensive transcriptomic resource currently available for P. yessesoensis.
Abstract: Background
Bivalves comprise 30,000 extant species, constituting the second largest group of mollusks. However, limited genetic research has focused on this group of animals so far, which is, in part, due to the lack of genomic resources. The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies enables generation of genomic resources in a short time and at a minimal cost, and therefore provides a turning point for bivalve research. In the present study, we performed de novo transcriptome sequencing to first produce a comprehensive expressed sequence tag (EST) dataset for the Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis).
Results
In a single 454 sequencing run, 805,330 reads were produced and then assembled into 32,590 contigs, with about six-fold sequencing coverage. A total of 25,237 unique protein-coding genes were identified from a variety of developmental stages and adult tissues based on sequence similarities with known proteins. As determined by GO annotation and KEGG pathway mapping, functional annotation of the unigenes recovered diverse biological functions and processes. Transcripts putatively involved in growth, reproduction and stress/immune-response were identified. More than 49,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 2,700 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were also detected.
Conclusion
Our data provide the most comprehensive transcriptomic resource currently available for P. yessoensis. Candidate genes potentially involved in growth, reproduction, and stress/immunity-response were identified, and are worthy of further investigation. A large number of SNPs and SSRs were also identified and ready for marker development. This resource should lay an important foundation for future genetic or genomic studies on this species.
TL;DR: The problems, challenges, and new concepts in targeting Aβ peptides could hold considerable promise as the starting point for the development of new therapies for AD.
Abstract: Amyloid β (Aβ) peptides have long been viewed as a potential target for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aggregation of Aβ peptides in the brain tissue is believed to be an exclusively pathological process. Therefore, blocking the initial stages of Aβ peptide aggregation with small molecules could hold considerable promise as the starting point for the development of new therapies for AD. Recent rapid progresses in our understanding of toxic amyloid assembly provide a fresh impetus for this interesting approach. Here, we discuss the problems, challenges and new concepts in targeting Aβ peptides.
TL;DR: In this paper, the technical feasibility of floating residue (FR) utilization as a resource of renewable energy was investigated by dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment and further enzymatic hydrolysis.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed recent progress in the study of perforated/slotted breakwaters, with an emphasis on two main groups of such breakwaters: (1) perforators with impermeable back walls, and (2) breakwaters without a back-wall.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used electrochemical and weight-loss methods to estimate the corrosion rate of mild steel for long-term immersion and found that even small polarization can make β-FeOOH participate in cathodic reaction, which leads to overestimating corrosion rate.
TL;DR: In this article, a stable superhydrophobic film was prepared on the electrochemical oxidized titania/titanium substrate by a simple immersion technique into a methanol solution of hydrolyzed 1 H,1 H,2 H,2 H -perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane [CF 3 (CF 2 ) 5 (CH 2 ) 2 Si(OCH 2 CH 3 ) 3, PTES] for 1-h at room temperature followed by a short annealing at 140-°C in air for 1 -h
TL;DR: In this paper, the information about small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) off the coast of South America was used to predict over-exploitation.
Abstract: Ignorance of spatial structures in fisheries management may lead to unexpected risks of overexploitation. Based on the information about small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) off the coast ...
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of an updated monthly climatology of observed temperature and salinity from the U.S. Navy Generalized Digital Environment Model reveals a basin-scale cyclonic circulation over the deep South China Sea (SCS).
Abstract: [1] The analysis of an updated monthly climatology of observed temperature and salinity from the U.S. Navy Generalized Digital Environment Model reveals a basin-scale cyclonic circulation over the deep South China Sea (SCS). The cyclonic circulation lies from about 2400 m to the bottom. The boundary current transport of the cyclonic circulation is around 3.0 Sv. Our results suggest that the cyclonic circulation is mainly forced by the Luzon overflow, with bottom topography playing an important role. The structures of potential temperature, salinity, and potential density in the deep SCS are consistent with the existence of the cyclonic circulation. Specifically, low salinity water is found in the interior region west of Luzon Island, and surrounded by saline Pacific water in boundary current regions to the north, west and southwest. Our results show the potential density distribution and the corresponding cyclonic circulation in deep SCS are primarily controlled by salinity variations in the deep basin.
TL;DR: No irritation has been found in dermis and skin surface indicated hyaluronic acid nanoemulsions could be successfully used as purcutaneous delivery carrier of active lipophilic ingredient and favorable for drug and cosmetic applications.
TL;DR: In this article, the inhibition performance of a newly synthesized thioureido imidazoline inhibitor (TAI) in CO 2 corrosion was studied by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS).
TL;DR: In this article, an overview of policy and legislation of renewable energy as well as status of development of renewable energies in China was given in this article, where resources distribution and technology status of tidal energy, wave energy, marine current energy, ocean thermal energy and salinity gradient energy were reviewed, and assessment and advices were given for each category.
Abstract: Facing great pressure of economic growth and energy crisis, China pays much attention to the renewable energy. An overview of policy and legislation of renewable energy as well as status of development of renewable energy in China was given in this article. By analysis, the authors believe that ocean energy is a necessary addition to existent renewable energy to meet the energy demand of the areas and islands where traditional forms of energy are not applicable and it is of great importance in adjusting energy structure of China. In the article, resources distribution and technology status of tidal energy, wave energy, marine current energy, ocean thermal energy and salinity gradient energy in China was reviewed, and assessment and advices were given for each category. Some suggestions for future development of ocean energy were also given.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors synthesize the tectonothermal evolution and deep crustal processes in the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt based on recent information, and identify that the underplating styles, collision processes and delamination types in the deep lithosphere controlled the evolution of the crust.
Abstract: The Palaeoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt is located in the eastern margin of the Eastern Block of the North China Craton In this paper, we synthesize the tectonothermal evolution and deep crustal processes in the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt based on recent information A mantle plume-related underplating from 253 to 236 Ga is envisaged which led to the emplacement of the 247–233 Ga alkali granite plutons and mafic dyke swarms, followed by the development of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Rift and bi-modal volcanism The underplating resulted not only in different sedimentary environments in the upper crust, but also in a differentiation of the initial thermal structure in the rift This controlled the metamorphism and style of P-T-t paths in the different parts of the rift Subsequent underplating resulted in the emplacement of the A-type Liaoji granites of ca 217 Ga in the lower crust, and the formation of associated pegmatites of 22 and 20 Ga, together with the development of a bedding-parallel extension However, the main orogeny occurred between 193 and 188 Ga with closing of the rift, compressional deformation and high-pressure granulite metamorphism in the southern part of the orogen Subsequently, lithospheric blocks were possibly delaminated at ∼185 Ga; anorogenic magmatic rocks such as rapakivi granite, alkaline granites and syenite were intruded, and pegmatite veins and mafic dyke swarms were emplaced cross-cutting all the earlier structural traces We identify that the underplating styles, collision processes and delamination types in the deep lithosphere controlled the tectonothermal evolution of the crust in the Jiao-Liao-Ji region Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd