Showing papers by "Ocean University of China published in 2015"
TL;DR: The mechanisms and important role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of AD, and the ongoing drug targeting pro- inflammatory cytokine for therapeutic modulation are discussed.
Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the brain, which is characterized by the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques (or senile plaques) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. However, increasing evidences demonstrated that neuroinflammatory changes, including chronic microgliosis are key pathological components of AD. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, is constantly survey the microenvironment under physiological conditions. In AD, deposition of β-amyliod (Aβ) peptide initiates a spectrum of cerebral neuroinflammation mediated by activating microglia. Activated microglia may play a potentially detrimental role by eliciting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) influencing the surrounding brain tissue. Emerging studies have demonstrated that up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines play multiple roles in both neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. Understanding the pro-inflammatory cytokines signaling pathways involved in the regulation of AD is crucial to the development of strategies for therapy. This review will discuss the mechanisms and important role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of AD, and the ongoing drug targeting pro-inflammatory cytokine for therapeutic modulation.
828 citations
Ocean University of China1, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation2, University of New South Wales3, Hanyang University4, Yonsei University5, Georgia Institute of Technology6, University of Exeter7, University of Paris8, University of Reading9, Pohang University of Science and Technology10, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration11, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory12, University of Tokyo13
TL;DR: A review of the state of knowledge on the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a natural climate phenomenon, can be found in this article, where the authors discuss recent advances and insights into how climate change will affect this natural climate varibility cycle.
Abstract: This Review looks at the state of knowledge on the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a natural climate phenomenon. It discusses recent advances and insights into how climate change will affect this natural climate varibility cycle. The El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant climate phenomenon affecting extreme weather conditions worldwide. Its response to greenhouse warming has challenged scientists for decades, despite model agreement on projected changes in mean state. Recent studies have provided new insights into the elusive links between changes in ENSO and in the mean state of the Pacific climate. The projected slow-down in Walker circulation is expected to weaken equatorial Pacific Ocean currents, boosting the occurrences of eastward-propagating warm surface anomalies that characterize observed extreme El Nino events. Accelerated equatorial Pacific warming, particularly in the east, is expected to induce extreme rainfall in the eastern equatorial Pacific and extreme equatorward swings of the Pacific convergence zones, both of which are features of extreme El Nino. The frequency of extreme La Nina is also expected to increase in response to more extreme El Ninos, an accelerated maritime continent warming and surface-intensified ocean warming. ENSO-related catastrophic weather events are thus likely to occur more frequently with unabated greenhouse-gas emissions. But model biases and recent observed strengthening of the Walker circulation highlight the need for further testing as new models, observations and insights become available.
604 citations
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation1, Ocean University of China2, University of New South Wales3, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory4, University of Hawaii5, University of Exeter6, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory7, Centre national de la recherche scientifique8, Monash University, Clayton campus9, University of Reading10
TL;DR: In this paper, an increase in frequency of La Nina events was predicted due to faster land warming relative to the ocean, and a greater chance of them occurring following extreme El Nino events.
Abstract: Extreme La Nina events occur when cold sea surface temperatures across the central Pacific Ocean create a strong temperature gradient to the Maritime continent in the west. This work projects an increase in frequency of La Nina events due to faster land warming relative to the ocean, and a greater chance of them occurring following extreme El Nino events. The El Nino/Southern Oscillation is Earth’s most prominent source of interannual climate variability, alternating irregularly between El Nino and La Nina, and resulting in global disruption of weather patterns, ecosystems, fisheries and agriculture1,2,3,4,5. The 1998–1999 extreme La Nina event that followed the 1997–1998 extreme El Nino event6 switched extreme El Nino-induced severe droughts to devastating floods in western Pacific countries, and vice versa in the southwestern United States4,7. During extreme La Nina events, cold sea surface conditions develop in the central Pacific8,9, creating an enhanced temperature gradient from the Maritime continent to the central Pacific. Recent studies have revealed robust changes in El Nino characteristics in response to simulated future greenhouse warming10,11,12, but how La Nina will change remains unclear. Here we present climate modelling evidence, from simulations conducted for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (ref. 13), for a near doubling in the frequency of future extreme La Nina events, from one in every 23 years to one in every 13 years. This occurs because projected faster mean warming of the Maritime continent than the central Pacific, enhanced upper ocean vertical temperature gradients, and increased frequency of extreme El Nino events are conducive to development of the extreme La Nina events. Approximately 75% of the increase occurs in years following extreme El Nino events, thus projecting more frequent swings between opposite extremes from one year to the next.
467 citations
Chinese Academy of Sciences1, Ocean University of China2, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation3, University of New South Wales4, Institut de recherche pour le développement5, University of Hawaii at Manoa6, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory7, Scripps Institution of Oceanography8, University of Hawaii9, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology10, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory11
TL;DR: Ongoing efforts are seeking to understand the heat and mass balances of the equatorial Pacific, and possible changes associated with greenhouse-gas-induced climate change.
Abstract: Pacific Ocean western boundary currents and the interlinked equatorial Pacific circulation system were among the first currents of these types to be explored by pioneering oceanographers. The widely accepted but poorly quantified importance of these currents-in processes such as the El Nino/Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Indonesian Throughflow-has triggered renewed interest. Ongoing efforts are seeking to understand the heat and mass balances of the equatorial Pacific, and possible changes associated with greenhouse-gas-induced climate change. Only a concerted international effort will close the observational, theoretical and technical gaps currently limiting a robust answer to these elusive questions.
428 citations
07 Dec 2015
TL;DR: The Panoptic Studio is a system organized around the thesis that social interactions should be measured through the perceptual integration of a large variety of view points, consisting of integrated structural, hardware, and software innovations.
Abstract: We present an approach to capture the 3D structure and motion of a group of people engaged in a social interaction. The core challenges in capturing social interactions are: (1) occlusion is functional and frequent, (2) subtle motion needs to be measured over a space large enough to host a social group, and (3) human appearance and configuration variation is immense. The Panoptic Studio is a system organized around the thesis that social interactions should be measured through the perceptual integration of a large variety of view points. We present a modularized system designed around this principle, consisting of integrated structural, hardware, and software innovations. The system takes, as input, 480 synchronized video streams of multiple people engaged in social activities, and produces, as output, the labeled time-varying 3D structure of anatomical landmarks on individuals in the space. The algorithmic contributions include a hierarchical approach for generating skeletal trajectory proposals, and an optimization framework for skeletal reconstruction with trajectory re-association.
417 citations
TL;DR: Effective interventions in diet, medications, biochemical exposures, psychological condition, pre-existing disease and lifestyle may decrease new incidence of AD.
Abstract: Background The aetiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is believed to involve environmental exposure and genetic susceptibility. The aim of our present systematic review and meta-analysis was to roundly evaluate the association between AD and its modifiable risk factors. Methods We systematically searched PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to July 2014, and the references of retrieved relevant articles. We included prospective cohort studies and retrospective case-control studies. Results 16,906 articles were identified of which 323 with 93 factors met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Among factors with relatively strong evidence (pooled population >5000) in our meta-analysis, we found grade I evidence for 4 medical exposures (oestrogen, statin, antihypertensive medications and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs therapy) as well as 4 dietary exposures (folate, vitamin E/C and coffee) as protective factors of AD. We found grade I evidence showing that one biochemical exposure (hyperhomocysteine) and one psychological condition (depression) significantly increase risk of developing AD. We also found grade I evidence indicative of complex roles of pre-existing disease (frailty, carotid atherosclerosis, hypertension, low diastolic blood pressure, type 2 diabetes mellitus (Asian population) increasing risk whereas history of arthritis, heart disease, metabolic syndrome and cancer decreasing risk) and lifestyle (low education, high body mass index (BMI) in mid-life and low BMI increasing the risk whereas cognitive activity, current smoking (Western population), light-to-moderate drinking, stress, high BMI in late-life decreasing the risk) in influencing AD risk. We identified no evidence suggestive of significant association with occupational exposures. Conclusions Effective interventions in diet, medications, biochemical exposures, psychological condition, pre-existing disease and lifestyle may decrease new incidence of AD.
381 citations
TL;DR: Both probiotics and prebiotics influence the immunomodulatory activity boosting up the health benefits in aquatic animals, and their ability to stimulate systemic and local immunity, deserves attention.
373 citations
TL;DR: A new kind of bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm, called earthworm optimisation algorithm (EWA), is proposed in this paper and the results show that EWA23 performs the best and it can find the better fitness on most benchmarks than others.
Abstract: Earthworms can aerate the soil with their burrowing action and enrich the soil with their waste nutrients. Inspired by the earthworm contribution in nature, a new kind of bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm, called earthworm optimisation algorithm (EWA), is proposed in this paper. The EWA method is inspired by the two kinds of reproduction (Reproduction 1 and Reproduction 2) of the earthworms. Reproduction 1 generates only one offspring by itself. Reproduction 2 is to generate one or more than one offspring at one time, and this can successfully be done by nine improved crossover operators. In addition, Cauchy mutation (CM) is added to EWA method. Nine different EWA methods with one, two and three offsprings based on nine improved crossover operators are respectively proposed. The results show that EWA23 performs the best and it can find the better fitness on most benchmarks than others.
350 citations
TL;DR: The optimized asymmetric supercapacitor could be cycled reversibly in the high voltage range of 0-2 V in aqueous electrolyte, which exhibits maximum energy density and shows superior long cycle life along with ∼100% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles and ∼93% after 4000 cycles.
Abstract: In this work, MnO(2)/GO (graphene oxide) composites with novel multilayer nanoflake structure, and a carbon material derived from Artemia cyst shell with genetic 3D hierarchical porous structure (HPC), are prepared. An asymmetric supercapacitor has been fabricated using MnO(2)/GO as positive electrode and HPC as negative electrode material. Because of their unique structures, both MnO(2)/GO composites and HPC exhibit excellent electrochemical performances. The optimized asymmetric supercapacitor could be cycled reversibly in the high voltage range of 0-2 V in aqueous electrolyte, which exhibits maximum energy density of 46.7 Wh kg(-1) at a power density of 100 W kg(-1) and remains 18.9 Wh kg(-1) at 2000 W kg(-1). Additionally, such device also shows superior long cycle life along with ∼100% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles and ∼93% after 4000 cycles.
320 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of the relationship between Pb(2+) adsorption and physicochemical properties of biochars produced at different pyrolytic temperatures indicated the dominant role of minerals, and results are useful for screening effective biochar as engineered sorbents to remove or immobilize Pb (2+) in polluted water and soil.
314 citations
TL;DR: The properties and the three-dimensional networks of the hydrogel offer them wide applications in biomedical field including local drug delivery and tissue engineering.
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-analyses of the phytochemical properties of polymethine based on the chiral stationary phase of Na6(CO3)(SO4)2, which has shown promise as a raw material for new drug discovery and development.
Abstract: Fine Chemicals Angeles Farrań,† Chao Cai,‡ Manuel Sandoval, Yongmei Xu, Jian Liu, María J. Hernaíz,* and Robert J. Linhardt* †Departamento de Química Orgańica y Bio-Orgańica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educacioń a Distancia, Paseo Senda del Rey 4, 28040 Madrid, Spain ‡Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional of Costa Rica, Post Office Box 86, 3000 Heredia, Costa Rica Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, New York 12180, United States Departamento de Química Orgańica y Farmaceútica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pz/Ramoń y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
TL;DR: A state-estimation-based sliding mode control law is designed to guarantee the reachability of the sliding surface in finite time interval and a stochastic stability criterion is established for all admissible uncertainties, which can guarantee the error system and sliding mode dynamics to be asymptotically stochastically stable with a given disturbance attenuation level.
TL;DR: It is indicated that nano-TiO2 in algal suspensions inhibited the growth of Karenia brevis and S. costatum, and this effect was attributed to oxidative stress caused by ROS production inside algal cells.
TL;DR: It is believed that a better knowledge of the relationship between AD and CR, accompanied by a successful transition of research accomplishments into practice, will impart much relief to individuals suffering from AD.
Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as a neurodegenerative process caused by widespread senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, is faced with an increasingly higher incidence as the global aging develops. Cognitive reserve (CR) hypothesis is proposed to elucidate the disjunction between cognitive performance and the pathological level of AD, positing that some life span experiences will lend protection from AD pathological insults. We provide an overview on recent studies involved in validation of the hypothesis as well as the association between AD and CR proxies, such as educational attainment and quality, occupational activity, leisure activity, general intelligence, and enriched environment. We further discuss some potential mechanisms by which CR proxy acts against AD pathological insults including neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, and locus coeruleus-noradrenergic (LC/NA) system. Finally, we review the applications of CR theory for AD prevention and therapy, particularly through physical activity and cognitive training strategy. We believe that a better knowledge of the relationship between AD and CR, accompanied by a successful transition of research accomplishments into practice, will impart much relief to individuals suffering from AD.
TL;DR: The results reveal the molecular and genetic basis of fish adaptation and response to hypoxia and air exposure, and reveal new aspects of neuro-endocrine-immune/metabolism regulatory networks that may help the fish to avoid cerebral inflammatory injury and maintain energy balance under Hypoxia.
Abstract: The large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea (L. crocea) is one of the most economically important marine fish in China and East Asian countries. It also exhibits peculiar behavioral and physiological characteristics, especially sensitive to various environmental stresses, such as hypoxia and air exposure. These traits may render L. crocea a good model for investigating the response mechanisms to environmental stress. To understand the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying the adaptation and response of L. crocea to environmental stress, we sequenced and assembled the genome of L. crocea using a bacterial artificial chromosome and whole-genome shotgun hierarchical strategy. The final genome assembly was 679 Mb, with a contig N50 of 63.11 kb and a scaffold N50 of 1.03 Mb, containing 25,401 protein-coding genes. Gene families underlying adaptive behaviours, such as vision-related crystallins, olfactory receptors, and auditory sense-related genes, were significantly expanded in the genome of L. crocea relative to those of other vertebrates. Transcriptome analyses of the hypoxia-exposed L. crocea brain revealed new aspects of neuro-endocrine-immune/metabolism regulatory networks that may help the fish to avoid cerebral inflammatory injury and maintain energy balance under hypoxia. Proteomics data demonstrate that skin mucus of the air-exposed L. crocea had a complex composition, with an unexpectedly high number of proteins (3,209), suggesting its multiple protective mechanisms involved in antioxidant functions, oxygen transport, immune defence, and osmotic and ionic regulation. Our results reveal the molecular and genetic basis of fish adaptation and response to hypoxia and air exposure. The data generated by this study will provide valuable resources for the genetic improvement of stress resistance and yield potential in L. crocea.
TL;DR: Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine slightly improve global impression; however, only cholines terase inhibitors enhance cognitive function.
Abstract: Objective Recently, several large randomised controlled trials about the treatments of cognitive impairment or dementia due to Parkinson9s disease (CIND-PD or PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) were completed. Here, we systematically reviewed the studies (including the recent reports) to provide updated evidence for the treatments of CIND-PD, PDD and DLB. Methods We searched Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group Specialised Register, Pubmed, Embase, and other sources for eligible trials. We selected global impression and cognitive function as primary efficacy outcomes, and dropouts and adverse events as safety outcomes. Furthermore, Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were used here. Results Ten trials were included in this study. Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine produced small global efficacy on clinicians’ global impression of change (CGIC), from a weighted mean difference of −0.40 (95% CI −0.77 to −0.03) to −0.65 (95% CI −1.28 to −0.01); however, cholinesterase inhibitors but not memantine significantly improved cognition on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), from 1.04 (95% CI 0.43 to 1.65) to 2.57 (95% CI 0.90 to 4.23). Additionally, both of them had good safety outcomes, although rivastigmine showed an increased risk on adverse events than placebo (risk ratio, RR 1.19, TSA adjusted 95% CI 1.04 to 1.36), these events were usually mild or moderate, and the risk disappeared on serious adverse events. Conclusions Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine slightly improve global impression; however, only cholinesterase inhibitors enhance cognitive function. Besides, all the drugs have good safety outcomes. But the limited trials precluded the generalisation of these outcomes.
Ocean Drilling Program1, University of Rhode Island2, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology3, Texas A&M University4, University of North Carolina at Wilmington5, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology6, University of Oldenburg7, Max Planck Society8, Aarhus University9, Oregon State University10, Minnesota State University, Mankato11, Hanyang University12, Yonsei University13, University of Melbourne14, Shizuoka University15, Boston University16, University of Tsukuba17, Hiroshima University18, National Oceanography Centre19, University of Bergen20, University of Tokyo21, Dublin City University22, IFREMER23, Chinese Academy of Sciences24, Ocean University of China25, University of Southern California26
TL;DR: The depth of oxygen penetration and microbial activity in marine sediments varies by region as mentioned in this paper, and the depth of microbial communities varies with the region of interest, and the microbial communities can be found up to 75 meters below the sea floor.
Abstract: The depth of oxygen penetration and microbial activity in marine sediments varies by region. Sediment cores from the South Pacific Gyre host oxygen and aerobic microbial communities to at least 75 metres below the sea floor.
TL;DR: The heteroaggregation of GO with different minerals, including montmorillonite, kaolinite, and goethite, in aqueous phase was investigated, and desorption hysteresis was observed, which could be explained by the formation of multilayered GO-goethite complex with high configurational stability.
Abstract: Upon release into waters, sediments, and soils, graphene oxide (GO) may interact with fine mineral particles. We investigated the heteroaggregation of GO with different minerals, including montmorillonite, kaolinite, and goethite, in aqueous phase. GO significantly enhanced the dispersion of positively charged goethite (>50%) via heteroaggregation, while there was no interaction between GO and negatively charged montmorillonite or kaolinite. Electrostatic attraction was the dominant force in the GO–goethite heteroaggregation (pH 4.0–8.5), and the dissolved Fe ions (<0.16 mg/L) from goethite were unable to destabilize GO suspension. The GO–goethite heteroaggregation was further quantitatively investigated through GO adsorption study. All adsorption isotherms of GO at different solution pH (4.0 and 6.5) followed the Linear model. The apparent intercept (1.0–6.9 mg/g) was observed for all the adsorption isotherms, indicating that this fraction of adsorbed GO was difficult to desorb from goethite (defined her...
TL;DR: The morphology and structure of the as-obtained sample were analyzed by using XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM, revealing that an ultrathin nanosheets Ni3S2 were grown on the surface of Ni form.
Abstract: Self-supported Ni3S2 ultrathin nanosheets were in situ formed by direct sulfurization of commercially available nickel foam using thioacetamide as sulfur source under hydrothermal process. The morphology and structure of the as-obtained sample were analyzed by using XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM, revealing that an ultrathin nanosheets Ni3S2 were grown on the surface of Ni form. The as-obtained Ni3S2/Ni composite with uniform architecture was used as cathode material for alkaline Ni/Zn battery, which delivered high capacity of 125 mAh g(-1) after 100 cycles with no obvious capacity fading, extraordinary rate capability (68 mAh g(-1) at the current density of 5.0 A g(-1)), and high operating voltage (1.75 V).
TL;DR: The experimental realization of stable counter-electrode (CE) electrocatalysts by alloying Pt with transition metals for enhanced dissolution resistance to state-of-the-art iodide/triiodide (I(-)/I3(-)) redox electrolyte is presented.
Abstract: The dissolution of platinum (Pt) has been one of the heart issues in developing advanced dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We present here the experimental realization of stable counter-electrode (CE) electrocatalysts by alloying Pt with transition metals for enhanced dissolution resistance to state-of-the-art iodide/triiodide (I(-)/I3(-)) redox electrolyte. Our focus is placed on the systematic studies of dissolution engineering for PtM0.05 (M=Ni, Co, Fe, Pd, Mo, Cu, Cr, and Au) alloy CE electrocatalysts along with mechanism analysis from thermodynamical aspects, yielding more negative Gibbs free energies for the dissolution reactions of transition metals. The competitive reactions between transition metals with iodide species (I3(-), I2) could protect the Pt atoms from being dissolved by redox electrolyte and therefore remain the high catalytic activity of the Pt electrode.
TL;DR: The pharmacological aspects of XN are described and the most interesting findings obtained in the preclinical research related to this compound are summarized, including the pharmacological activity, the pharmacokinetics, and the safety ofXN.
Abstract: The female inflorescences of hops (Humulus lupulus L.), a well-known bittering agent used in the brewing industry, have long been used in traditional medicines. Xanthohumol (XN) is one of the bioactive substances contributing to its medical applications. Among foodstuffs XN is found primarily in beer and its natural occurrence is surveyed. In recent years, XN has received much attention for its biological effects. The present review describes the pharmacological aspects of XN and summarizes the most interesting findings obtained in the preclinical research related to this compound, including the pharmacological activity, the pharmacokinetics, and the safety of XN. Furthermore, the potential use of XN as a food additive considering its many positive biological effects is discussed.
TL;DR: A bifacial DSSC based on a transparent polyaniline (PANI) counter electrode (CE) that achieves a light-to-electric energy conversion efficiency of 8.35% and a new approach for enhancing the photovoltaic performances of solar cells is devised.
Abstract: Bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells: A strategy to enhance overall efficiency based on transparent polyaniline electrode
TL;DR: This assay presents a simple and sensitive aptamer based biosensor for rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and shows that without DNA extraction, the reduced handling and simpler equipment requirement render this assay asimple and rapid alternative to conventional methods.
TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent developments in critical materials including quantum dots, photoanodes, counter electrodes (CEs), and electrolytes for QDSC applications is presented.
Abstract: Quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) present promising cost-effective alternatives to conventional silicon solar cells due to their distinctive properties such as simplicity in fabrication, possibility to realize light absorption in wide solar spectrum regions, and theoretical conversion efficiency up to 44%. This review highlights recent developments in critical materials including quantum dots, photoanodes, counter electrodes (CEs), and electrolytes for QDSC applications. Among them, electron recombination at the photoanode/electrolyte interface limits the evolution of high-efficiency QDSCs, therefore the optimized construction of quantum dots, the various microtopographies of wide bandgap semiconductors (TiO2, ZnO) as well as emerging CEs having good electrocatalytic activity are elaborated in this paper. We argue that these key factors can provide design guidelines for future successful applications and significantly promote the development of QDSCs. Liquid, quasi-solid-state, and solid-state electrolytes for QDSCs are summarized, aiming at enhancing the long-term stability of QDSCs. This review presented below gives a succinct summary of materials for QDSC applications, with a conclusion and future prospects section.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of incorporating recycled modified polypropylene (PP) plastic particles on the workability and mechanical behavior of self-compacting lightweight concrete (SCLC) was investigated.
TL;DR: In this paper, double-skinned thin-film composite (TFN) membranes were fabricated by interfacial polymerization of polydopamine/CNTs and trimesoylchloride (TMC) on polysulfone (PSf) substrate.
TL;DR: The elevated concentrations of pollutants appear to be related to extensive industrial development, agricultural activity and the use of coal in the area.
TL;DR: Dr. Y. Cai, Prof X. Guo, Prof. L. Jiang Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 , PR China
Abstract: Dr. Y. Cai, Prof. X. Guo, Prof. L. Jiang Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 , PR China E-mail: jianglei@iccas.ac.cn Prof. J. Qiao SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry Beijing 100013 , PR China E-mail: qiaojl.bjhy@sinopec.com Prof. S. T. Wang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 , PR China Prof. L. Jiang School of Chemistry and Environment Beihang University Beijing 100191 , PR China Dr. Y. Cai Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 , PR China Q. Lu Institute of Materials Sciences and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 , PR China
TL;DR: A visual-attention-aware model to mimic the HVS for salient-object detection and proposes a method for extracting directional patches, as humans are sensitive to orientation features, and as directional patches are reliable cues.
Abstract: The human visual system (HVS) can reliably perceive salient objects in an image, but, it remains a challenge to computationally model the process of detecting salient objects without prior knowledge of the image contents. This paper proposes a visual-attention-aware model to mimic the HVS for salient-object detection. The informative and directional patches can be seen as visual stimuli, and used as neuronal cues for humans to interpret and detect salient objects. In order to simulate this process, two typical patches are extracted individually and in parallel from the intensity channel and the discriminant color channel, respectively, as the primitives. In our algorithm, an improved wavelet-based salient-patch detector is used to extract the visually informative patches. In addition, as humans are sensitive to orientation features, and as directional patches are reliable cues, we also propose a method for extracting directional patches. These two different types of patches are then combined to form the most important patches, which are called preferential patches and are considered as the visual stimuli applied to the HVS for salient-object detection. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods for salient-object detection, experimental results using publicly available datasets show that our produced algorithm is reliable and effective.