Showing papers by "Ohio State University published in 1968"
TL;DR: It is postulated that a defect in the mechanical performance of the heart is responsible for the abnormal systolic time intervals in human heart failure.
Abstract: The duration of the systolic time intervals in nondigitalized patients with heart failure was determined from simultaneous fast speed recordings of the electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, and carotid arterial pulsation. These were compared with the systolic time intervals corrected for heart rate and sex in 211 normal subjects. The failing left ventricle is characterized by a prolongation in the systolic pre-ejection period and a diminution in the left ventricular ejection time while total electromechanical systole remains relatively unaltered. Both components of the pre-ejection period, the Q-1 interval and the isovolumic contraction time, were prolonged. These alterations in the phases of systole occur in the absence of a measurable change in ventricular depolarization time. The prolongation in the pre-ejection period is well correlated with the reduced stroke volume and cardiac output in heart failure and is independently augmented by high levels of arterial pressure. The abbreviation in left ventricul...
1,272 citations
TL;DR: Male undergraduates found themselves in a smoke-filling room either alone, with 2 nonreacting others, or in groups of 3, and were less likely to report the smoke when in the presence of passive others than when alone.
Abstract: Male undergraduates found themselves in a smoke-filling room either alone, with 2 nonreacting others, or in groups of 3. As predicted, Ss were less likely to report the smoke when in the presence of passive others (10%) or in groups of 3 (38% of groups) than when alone (75%). This result seemed to have been mediated by the way 5s interpreted the ambiguous situation; seeing other people remain passive led Ss to decide the smoke was not dangerous.
1,047 citations
01 Jan 1968
TL;DR: It is a common assumption that the effectiveness of a persuasive communication is, at least in part, a function of the extent to which its content is learned and retained by its audience as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: It is a common assumption that the effectiveness of a persuasive communication is, at least in part, a function of the extent to which its content is learned and retained by its audience. This assumed learning-persuasion relation is based on a reasonable analogy between the persuasive communication and an informational communication such as a classroom lecture. In the lecture, it is by definition of the educational situation that retention of content is taken as a measure of effectiveness. In the persuasion situation, however, the essential criterion of effectiveness is acceptance of content. It remains an empirical question to determine whether acceptance of a persuasive communication is related to retention of its content. The hypothesis that acceptance of a communication is, in some part, a function of learning or retention of its content has received explicit endorsement by a number of attitude researchers and theorists (e.g., Hovland, Janis, & Kelley, 1953; McGuire, this volume; Miller
867 citations
01 Jan 1968
TL;DR: In the wide gamut of problems of every society, there is then, a common dominant element throughout -one pervasive, inescapable, inevitable fact: scarcity as discussed by the authors, and behavioral consequences stemming directly or indirectly from it is our subject matter.
Abstract: In the wide gamut of… problems of every society, there is then, a common dominant element throughout–one pervasive, inescapable, inevitable fact: scarcity . That is the starting point of our analysis, and behavioral consequences stemming directly or indirectly from it is our subject matter.
420 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, a 3D least-squares X-ray diffraction analysis of forsterite (Mgo.9o,Feo Jo), plutonic hyalosiderite (mg0.,., Feo 456, Mno oo6,Cao.o1), and fayalite (Fe0 ••,,Mgo_04,Mno o•l · the closeness in value of the isotropic temperature factors calculated for the M sites indicates substitutional disorder of the Mg and Fe atoms in all
Abstract: Atomic parameters were obtained by 3D least-squares X-ray diffraction analysis of forsterite (Mgo.9o,Feo Jo), plutonic hyalosiderite (Mg0 .,., Feo 456, Mno oo6,Cao.oo2), dike hortonolite (Mgo.<9,Feo ,.,Mno o1,Cao.o1), and fayalite (Fe0 •• ,,Mgo_04,Mno o•l · The closeness in value of the isotropic temperature factors calculated for the M sites indicates substitutional disorder of the Mg and Fe atoms in all four structures. Polyhedra distortions are closely similar in all four structures showing that they depend on the struc ture type rather than on the Mg, Fe substitution. Simple electrostatic rules allied with pa. ck ing considerations permit qualitative explanation of the structural distortions. The M(l) octahedron has six short shared edges to give a distorted and elongated trigonal antiprism. The M(2) octahedron has a triangle of three short shared edges. Metal-oxygen distances tend to compensate e.g., the longest Si-0 distance and the shortest (Mg,Fe)-0 distance go to the same oxygen.
202 citations
TL;DR: A newly developed method is described for calculating the intramitochondrial pH of isolated bovine heart mitochondria based on the distribution of 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione between mitochondrial compartments, pKa of 5%, and pH of the extramit mitochondrial medium.
199 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the boundary layer approximation to the flow of a viscous fluid past a flat plate of length l, generally valid near the plate when the Reynolds number Re is large, fails within a distance O(lRe$^{-\frac{3}{4}}$) of the trailing edge.
Abstract: It is shown that the boundary layer approximation to the flow of a viscous fluid past a flat plate of length l, generally valid near the plate when the Reynolds number Re is large, fails within a distance O(lRe$^{-\frac{3}{4}}$) of the trailing edge. The appropriate governing equations in this neighbourhood are the full Navier-Stokes equations. On the basis of Imai (1966) these equations are linearized with respect to a uniform shear and are then completely solved by means of a Wiener-Hopf integral equation. The solution so obtained joins smoothly on to that of the boundary layer for a flat plate upstream of the trailing edge and for a wake down-stream of the trailing edge. The contribution to the drag coefficient is found to be O(Re$^{-\frac{3}{4}}$) and the multiplicative constant is explicitly worked out for the linearized equations.
188 citations
TL;DR: An examination and review of various theories for scattering from surfaces with different roughness scales has appeared in a recent report by Barrick and Peake as mentioned in this paper, which summarizes the report by presenting some of the more important results contained therein.
Abstract: An examination and review of various theories for scattering from surfaces with different roughness scales has appeared in a recent report by Barrick and Peake This note briefly summarizes the report by presenting some of the more important results contained therein
180 citations
167 citations
TL;DR: Perforated metal plates (grids) of various kinds are used for the construction of transmission filters for the far ir, and measurements at oblique incidence indicate that the filters will find useful application in light pipes too.
Abstract: Perforated metal plates (grids) of various kinds are used for the construction of transmission filters for the far ir. Examples are given of filters with low pass, high pass, bandpass, and bandstop characteristics with steep slopes. These filters are the optical equivalents of microwave waveguide filters. They can be designed by the same theoretical procedures as those to meet a wide variety of different specifications, at least in principle. Actually, losses and constructional tolerances limit the performance. Measurements at oblique incidence indicate that the filters will find useful application in light pipes too. Furthermore, they may prove advantageous in short millimeter wave systems that employ optical techniques.
167 citations
01 Jan 1968
TL;DR: It is suggested that the release of mast cell granules plays an important role in the contraction of epithelioid smooth muscle and therefore controls the flow of blood in the glomus structure.
Abstract: A comparative ultrastructural study of a case of hemangiopericytoma and one of glomus tumor is presented. The study revealed the hemangiopericytoma cells to be large with large irregular nuclei. The intercellular spaces are filled with light osmiophilic material resembling basement membrane. In the glomus tumor, two types of cells are identified. The more frequent cells are epithelioid smooth muscle cells with large ovoid nuclei and cytoplasm filled with fine filaments. The second type of cell is less frequent and is recognized as a mast cell. It is suggested that the release of mast cell granules plays an important role in the contraction of epithelioid smooth muscle and therefore controls the flow of blood in the glomus structure.
TL;DR: The explosion of knowledge has made most students of marketing specialists. If these specialties have consistency, they should fit into a more general theory of marketing as mentioned in this paper, and the structure of such a t...
Abstract: The explosion of knowledge has made most students of marketing specialists. If these specialties have consistency, they should fit into a more general theory of marketing. The structure of such a t...
TL;DR: In this article, a theory of the origin of ethnic stratification was proposed, which assumes that distinct ethnic groups are brought into sustained contact only if the groups are characterized by a high degree of ethnocentrism, competition, and differential power.
Abstract: Ethnocentrism, competition, and differential power provide the necessary and sufficient bases for constructing a theory of the origin of ethnic stratification. The essence of the theory is that ethnic stratification will emerge when distinct ethnic groups are brought into sustained contact only if the groups are characterized by a high degree of ethnocentrism, competition, and differential power. Competition provides the motivation for stratification; ethnocentrism channels the competition along ethnic lines; and the power differential determines whether either group will be able to subordinate the other. The theory is initially tested via application to the emergence of slavery in seventeenth century America. The outcome encourages further testing of the theory.
TL;DR: The findings indicate that carbohydrate, insulin, and lipid abnormalities are rather prevalent in patients with CHD and Dietary alterations or pharmacological agents may help to control some of the metabolic abnormalities associated with premature CHD.
Abstract: Fasting serum lipid levels, glucose tolerance, and immunoreactive insulin concentrations of 50 young patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 30 control subjects were evaluated to study the interrelationships of these metabolic factors. Abnormalities in one or more of these factors could be shown in 90% of the patients and 20% of the control subjects. Thirty-four of the 50 patients had elevated cholesterol or triglyceride levels, or both, 30 had abnormally elevated or delayed insulin responses after glucose, and 17 had abnormal glucose tolerance. A significant correlation existed between serum triglyceride and insulin concentrations. When insulin levels were reduced by phenformin, triglyceride concentrations fell toward normal. These findings indicate that carbohydrate, insulin, and lipid abnormalities are rather prevalent in patients with CHD. Excessive insulin secretion secondary to mild glucose intolerance probably induces hepatic synthesis of triglycerides and hypertriglyceridemia. Dietary alter...
01 Jan 1968
TL;DR: In this paper, the aldehyde 2 was characterized as the crystalline 6-oxime and 6-(p -nitrophenyl)hydrazone (p-NH) hydrazone.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The clinical and postmortem findings suggest similar endocrine abnormalities in both siblings with holoprosencephaly.
TL;DR: An example of the form of the simulation of a pricing decision process is presented, a binary flow chart type, that simulates the pricing decision in a differentiated oligopolistic market.
Abstract: Company information systems demand a better understanding of the nature of the executive's decision process. Above all his information requirements must be specified. The capacity to specify these requirements is the hallmark of the information-processing model. An example of the form of the simulation of a pricing decision process is presented. The model, a binary flow chart type, simulates the pricing decision in a differentiated oligopolistic market. The validity of the model is established by comparing the two kinds of predictions that it makes---output and process---with reality. A number of problems encountered in developing models of this type are discussed. Some of the broader implications of these models are described and others are briefly mentioned.
TL;DR: Microscopic studies of human adrenal glands from 58 autopsy specimens revealed a pertinent developmental pattern in the establishment of definitive zonation using the following criteria: relationship of age to the developing zones; times of formation of definitiveZonation; and the morphological determination of developmental patterns based on staining characteristics.
Abstract: Microscopic studies of human adrenal glands from 58 autopsy specimens, ranging in age from one month gestation to 69 years, revealed a pertinent developmental pattern in the establishment of definitive zonation. This pattern was established using the following criteria: (1) relationship of age to the developing zones; (2) times of formation of definitive zonation; and (3) the morphological determination of developmental patterns based on staining characteristics.
Using these criteria, development was divided into five phases: (1) condensation of coelomic epithelium; (2) secondary proliferation of coelomic epithelium; (3) finding of PAS-positive material within the fetal cortex; (4) decline and disappearance of the fetal cortex; and (5) establishment and stabilization of the definitive zonular patterns.
Significant features occurring in this development were: (1) the origin of both permanent and fetal cortex from proliferation of coelomic epithelium; (2) the appearance of PAS-positive granules surrounding a homogenous mass in the fetal cortex and the zona reticularis during maturation and organization; and (3) the gradual establishment of definitive zones by proliferation of the permanent cortex, maturation of the fetal cortex, and growth of the medulla; with the adult structure of the adrenal gland achieved by the eleventh to fifteenth year without any apparent major involution or hemorrhage.
TL;DR: The evidence suggests that myoepithelial cells play an important role in the formation of some benign and malignant tumors of the breast.
Abstract: The relationship of myoepithelial cells to epithelial cells in normal mammary gland and in various diseases of this organ were studied. The evidence suggests that myoepithelial cells play an important role in the formation of some benign and malignant tumors of the breast. The study also showed the presence of light and dark myoepithelial cells.
TL;DR: The Reedy Glacier is an outlet from the East Antarctic Ice Sheet and flows through the Transantarctic Mountains to the Ross Ice Shelf as discussed by the authors, which is known as the Ross Plateau.
Abstract: The Reedy Glacier is an outlet from the East Antarctic Ice Sheet and flows through the Transantarctic Mountains to the Ross Ice Shelf. The higher parts of the mountains consist of plateau remnants at about 3000 to 3500 m elevation. A shallow depression in this surface is filled with 40 m of till underlain by mass-wasted sandstone bedrock. The basal till consists of granite fragments, probably derived from a hill nearby. The remainder has a clay-rich matrix and contains fragments of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks that were probably derived from the plateau surface. All the till except the superficial layer was apparently deposited by temperate, wet-based ice. In an ice-free area at 1400 m elevation alongside the Reedy Glacier, about halfway between the East Antarctic Ice Sheet and the Ross Ice Shelf, stranded lateral moraines indicate former ice levels 750 m, 400 m, and 260 m above the present glacier surface. Granitic boulders on the surface at 750 m are highly weathered, those at 400 m are moderately weathered, and those at 260 m are virtually unweathered. Toward the head of the glacier these three sets of stranded moraines progressively approach each other and are also closer to the present ice surface. There is no evidence that the ice of the Polar Plateau has varied much since its establishment. Alongside the Reedy Glacier at about 1500 m elevation, 90 m of ice-marginal lake sediments are exposed. At present virtually no meltwater is present. Inactive solifluction flows occur further up the glacier at about 2000 m elevation. The till sequence on the high plateau is believed to indicate progressive refrigeration and the replacement of a small, local glacier by a temperate, local ice cap that later became polar and dry-based. The temperate ice cap must have antedated the Antarctic Ice Sheet and probably existed during the Pliocene. The variations in thickness of the Reedy Glacier after it had become an outlet of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet are thought to have been determined mainly by the position of the grounding line of the Ross Ice Shelf, which was controlled by eustatic changes in sea level, so that the glacier thickened during northern hemisphere glaciations. The lake sediments and solifluction flows indicate “interglacial” conditions 6° to 10° C warmer than at present.
TL;DR: In this article, 14 bands of ozone between 500 and 3300 cm −1 have been identified and values of the vibrational anharmonic constants determined and the integrated band absorptances of many of these bands have been measured from spectra of a 32-m path of ozone-oxygen mixtures containing up to 30 atm cm O ǫ near 25°C.
TL;DR: An attempt is made to extract the basic properties common to all these machines and develop from it a general formulation of sequential machines.
Abstract: V a ~ u s types of sequential machines appeared in existing literature. Among them are the deterministic, nondeterministic, probabilistic and stochastic sequential machines. Recently, Wee (1967) formulated a different type of machine which he called fuzzy automaton. I t was shown that fuzzy automaton includes the deterministic and the nondeterministic machines as special cases. However, fuzzy automata and probabilistic or stochastic machines have entirely different behaviors. In this paper, an attempt is made to extract the basic properties common to all these machines and develop from it a general formulation of sequential machines. DEFmITmN. A pseudo sequential machine A is a system (U, S, V, f, g, h) where U is a finite nonempty set (inputs), S is a finite nonempty set (states), V is a finite nonempty set (outputs), ] is a/unction from S X U X S X T into [0, 1] where T is a subset of the real line. In other words, f(s, u, s', t) C [0, 1] for every s, s' C S, u C U, and t E T. (state transition function at time t), g is a function from S X U X V X T into [0, 1] (output function at time t), h is a function from S X T into [0, 1] (initial distribution). Remark. If T = N, the set of all natural numbers, then A is said to be discrete. If f, g and h are independent of T, then A is said to be stationary. Elements of U and V are called input and output alphabets, respectively. Finite sequences of input (output) alphabets are called input (output) tapes. For convenience sake, we shall also consider the empty
TL;DR: In this paper, the rotational structure of the near infrared bands of HF, HCl, and DCl has been measured and the values of Y 10 (≡ ω e ) and Y 01(≡ B e ) for HF and HCl are calculated as 4138.32 ± 0.06 cm −1 and 20.9557 − 0.0009 cm − 1, respectively.
TL;DR: Submicroscopic morphological details of the pars flaccida (Shrapnell's membrane) of the cat, squirrel monkey, rabbit and sheep were studied and three layers were distinctly recognized: outer epidermal, middle lamina propria and inner mucous.
Abstract: Submicroscopic morphological details of the pars flaccida (Shrapnell's membrane) of the cat, squirrel monkey, rabbit and sheep were studied. Three layers were distinctly recognized: outer epidermal, middle lamina propria and inner mucous. The epidermis was composed of three to four layers of keratinizing squamous cells, and the inner mucous layer was formed by a single-cell layer of simple squamous or cuboidal cells. These cells could accommodate cilia or secretory granules. The middle lamina propria was composed of loose connective tissue containing fibroblasts, nerve fibers and capillaries. The regularly arranged collagenous fibers which were present in pars tensa were not found. Abundant elastic fibers were found in this layer intermixed with collagenous fibers. The thickness of Shrapnell's membrane in the materials used was considerably greater than that of pars tensa.
TL;DR: Although Z. ramigera I-16-M does not possess an observable zoogloeal matrix when viewed under a light microscope, chemical data indicate that it does produce cellulase-susceptible polymer, which resembles cellulose in several respects.
Abstract: The fingerlike projections, which have been considered to be characteristic of the genus Zoogloea, appear to consist of generally globular packets of cells, each surrounded by capsular matrix. The individual packets which surround Z. ramigera 115 cells appear to adhere one to another by intermeshed fibrils that measure 2 to 5 nm in diameter. The fibril polymer appears to be polyglucose that is susceptible to cellulase. The polymer resembles cellulose in several respects, with the exception that it is soluble in 1 n NaOH. Although Z. ramigera I-16-M does not possess an observable zoogloeal matrix when viewed under a light microscope, chemical data indicate that it does produce cellulase-susceptible polymer. Fibrils can be observed under the electron microscope, which are resistant to 1 n NaOH and may be cellulose. Less polymer fibrils are observed around isolate I-16-M cells than around isolate 115 cells; the inability to observe the I-16-M material as a zoogloeal matrix under light microscopy may be due to lack of sufficient amount of polymer.
TL;DR: Three floc-forming, gram-negative, polarly flagellated rods were isolated and characterized and a possible relationship of Zoogloea to other gelatinous matrix-producing bacteria is discussed.
Abstract: Three floc-forming, gram-negative, polarly flagellated rods were isolated and characterized. Our isolates were compared to four similar floc-forming organisms previously isolated in another laboratory and classified as two species of Zoogloea, one of Pseudomonas, and as one unidentified gram-negative rod. Possession of zoogloeal matrix or flocculent growth habit was examined in relation to growth and biochemical patterns of the bacteria. A possible relationship of Zoogloea to other gelatinous matrix-producing bacteria is also discussed. Images