Showing papers by "Ohio State University published in 1970"
TL;DR: In this paper, a diffraction integral is derived which relates the electromagnetic fields on the input plane of a lens system to those on its output plane, which indicates a connection between ray optics and diffraction theory.
Abstract: This paper deals with the propagation of coherent light through lens systems; it relates diffraction theory to ray optics. A diffraction integral is derived which relates the electromagnetic fields on the input plane of a lens system to those on its output plane. The kernel of the diffraction integral is written in terms of the elements of the ray matrix that describes the complete lens system; that kernel indicates a connection between ray optics and diffraction theory. It also provides a simple method for writing the diffraction integral for a lens system. The results are limited to the paraxial-ray approximation, but apply to symmetric and asymmetric lens systems. In the case of asymmetric systems, i.e., those containing rotated elliptical or cylindrical lenses, the ray-matrix formalism is extended so as to use a single fourth-order matrix. The diffraction integrals derived are applied to optical spatial filtering, optical-beam waveguides, optical resonators, and holography.
1,145 citations
TL;DR: Four interpretations of the manner in which sensory feedback may be involved in regulation of skilled performance are reviewed and evidence for re-so as a mechanism for specific response selection, as opposed to generalized facilitation or inhibition of instrumental performance, is lacking.
Abstract: Four interpretations of the manner in which sensory feedback may be involved in regulation of skilled performance are reviewed. For the serial chaining (SC) and closed-loop (CL) mechanisms, response selection is assumed to occur on the basis of peripheral feedback from preceding correct and incorrect responses, respectively; for the ideo-motor (IM) and fractional anticipatory goal response (ro-so) mechanisms, it is assumed that a response's performance is directed by anticipatory representation of its own feedback or of feedback from the reaction to a goal to which the response leads, respectively. Among the conclusions of the review are (a) evidence for re-so as a mechanism for specific response selection, as opposed to generalized facilitation or inhibition of instrumental performance, is lacking; (b) the notion of a mechanism for comparison of actual feedback with images of desired feedback is not essential for explaining error-correction performance which is characteristic of CL; (c) despite severe criticism by twentieth century behaviorists, the limited available evidence is quite supportive of a contemporary version of IM; and (d) IM, SC, and CL can be regarded as serving complementary performance control functions-selection or "programing" of voluntary performance (IM), coordination of action within invariant sequential performances (SC), and coordination of action within sequential performances requiring correction responses to error stimuli (CL). Analyses of the acquisition of skilled voluntary performance have frequently been formulated in terms of a transfer of performance control from situational stimuli to response feedback stimuli-that is, to interoceptive or exteroceptive stimuli produced by the learner's own behavior. This paper reviews four conceptions of the nature of sensory feedback mechanisms mediating voluntary performance, including serial chaining,
704 citations
630 citations
TL;DR: The first successful establishment of a cell line derived from adult tissue of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, is reported, finding increasing use as a basis for conducting physiological and biochemical investigation outside the organism.
Abstract: CULTURED mammalian cells are finding increasing use as a basis for conducting physiological and biochemical investigation outside the organism. Insect cell lines have originated from primary explants of embryonic tissue or tissues from larval and pupal stages of the donor. Cells from primary explants of embryonic tissue from the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster; the mosquito, Aedes aegypti; leaf hoppers, Agallia constricta and A. quadripunctata; and cockroaches, Periplaneta americana and Blabera fusca, continued to multiply and were subcultured1–4. Primary cultures of larval tissues from, the silkworm, Bombyx mori; the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis; and mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti, A. albopictus and Anopheles stephensi, were subcultured and developed into cell lines5–11. Cells originating from pupal ovaries of the moth, Antheraea eucalypti, have also been established as a cell line12. This article reports the first successful establishment of a cell line derived from adult tissue of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni.
563 citations
517 citations
TL;DR: The relationships between the systolic time intervals determined from simultaneous recordings of the electrocardiograms, the phonocardiogram, the carotid arterial pulse tracing, and direct measures of left ventricular performance as assessed angiographically by measurement of left Ventricular stroke volume and ejection fraction were studied.
Abstract: The relationships between the systolic time intervals determined from simultaneous recordings of the electrocardiogram, the phonocardiogram, the carotid arterial pulse tracing, and direct measures of left ventricular performance as assessed angiographically by measurement of left ventricular stroke volume (SV), end-diastolic volume (EDV), and ejection fraction (EF) were studied in 68 patients with a wide variety of cardiac diseases. The systolic intervals, the pre-ejection period (PEP), the left ventricular ejection time (LVET), and the ratio PEP/LVET, each correlated significantly with angiographically determined EF and EDV. Closest correlation was observed between PEP/LVET and EF (r = -0.90). The systolic intervals correlated only slightly with the angiographically determined SV. These data lend additional evidence supporting the use of systolic time intervals as a non-invasive measure of left ventricular performance in patients with cardiac disease.
468 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a least square method is presented for fitting a given matrixA to another given matrixB under choice of an unknown rotation, an unknown translation, and an unknown central dilation.
Abstract: A least squares method is presented for fitting a given matrixA to another given matrixB under choice of an unknown rotation, an unknown translation, and an unknown central dilation. The procedure may be useful to investigators who wish to compare results obtained with nonmetric scaling techniques across samples or who wish to compare such results with those obtained by conventional factor analytic techniques on the same sample.
405 citations
280 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated differences in risk perception between buying by mail and buying from a store and/or salesman and found that consumers perceived more risk in the mail-order scenario.
Abstract: This study investigates differences in risk perception between buying by mail and buying from a store and/or salesman. For 20 products studied, consumers perceived more risk in the mail-order situa...
278 citations
TL;DR: The colorimetric reaction for bilirubin is linear from 2 to 50 mg/100 ml using a standard 25-μl aliquot of undiluted sample and is not significantly depressed by excessive concentrations of hemoglobin.
255 citations
TL;DR: The search and scan patterns verified that the peripheral area of the eye is used for monitoring lane position, other vehicles, and road signs so that the fovea may be directed for a closer examination when the situation demands it.
Abstract: Eye movements of eight drivers were filmed as the drivers traveled on a local expressway at 50 mi. per hour. Search and scan patterns of the drivers became more compact and the center of location shifted down and to the left as the drivers became more familiar with the route. The center of the final pattern was located above the right road edge marker and slightly higher than the horizon. The task of car following appeared to induce greater visual workload as indicated by increased sampling rates of lane markers and greater visual travel distances to examine road signs and other traffic. The search and scan patterns verified that the peripheral area of the eye is used for monitoring lane position, other vehicles, and road signs so that the fovea may be directed for a closer examination when the situation demands it.
TL;DR: It is proposed that the pericyte-endothelial “contacts” act as a regulatory mechanism for capillary proliferation.
TL;DR: An asymptomatic tumor of the head of the pancreas observed in a 12‐year‐old girl was removed by radical excision and the cell of origin is demonstrated ultrastructurally to be other than islet or exocrine, and probably to have been derived from ductular epithelium.
Abstract: An asymptomatic tumor of the head of the pancreas observed in a 12-year-old girl was removed by radical excision. the cell of origin of the tumor is demonstrated ultrastructurally to be other than islet or exocrine, and probably to have been derived from ductular epithelium. the malignant or benign nature of this tumor is discussed and requires longer follow-up for clarification.
TL;DR: As in animals, the human pars flaccida was considerably thicker than the pars tensa, contrary to the popular concept that they are thinner.
Abstract: Submicroscopic details of the human tympanic membrane were studied utilizing a transmission electron microscope (T. E. M.) and a scanning electron microscope (S. E. M.) Three layers were distinctly recognized; outer epidermal, middle lamina propria and inner mucous layer. In pars flaccida, the middle lamina propria is formed of loose connective tissues with abundant elastic and collagen fibers. On the other hand, in the pars tensa, the middle lamina propria is formed of outer radial and inner circular fibers. Besides these two types of fibers, parabolic fibers were observed between the radial and circular fibers. The fibrils of the para tensa fibers are rectangular in cross-sectional view and are mixed with varying amounts of collagen fibrils. As in animals, the human pars flaccida was considerably thicker than the pars tensa, contrary to the popular concept that they are thinner.
TL;DR: Although most patients with renal hypertension vary P.R.A. with changes in extracellular fluid none completely suppresses renin activity with volume expansion, this inappropriate renin secretion during hypervolaemia may be of significance in causing renal hypertension.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the spin exchange interaction between electron and hole is investigated for the case of excitons originating from one of the valence bands and an $s$-like conduction band, as is the case for IIb-VIb compounds.
Abstract: The effect of the spin-exchange interaction between electron and hole is investigated for the case of excitons originating from one of the $p$-like valence bands and an $s$-like conduction band, as is the case for IIb-VIb compounds. A general exciton matrix is constructed, starting from the work of Pikus. It includes spin-orbit, crystal-field, spin-exchange, and deformation-potential interactions. Use of this matrix then allows a theoretical fit to our experimental data which describes the shift of exciton levels under uniaxial pressure in ZnO, CdS, and CdSe. This fit results in the determination of six deformation potentials, two spin-orbit parameters, the crystal-field parameter, and the exchange parameter. The general theory, when adapted to the zinc-blende structure, allows us to fit our data on cubic ZnS and ZnSe, resulting in a determination of two deformation potentials and the spin-exchange parameter for each compound.
TL;DR: Experimental average heat transfer coefficients for free-convection cooling of arrays of isothermal fins on horizontal surfaces over a wider range of spacings than previously available are reported in this article.
Abstract: Experimental average heat-transfer coefficients for free-convection cooling of arrays of isothermal fins on horizontal surfaces over a wider range of spacings than previously available are reported. A simplified correlation is presented and a previously available correlation is questioned. An optimum arrangement for maximum heat transfer and a preliminary design method are suggested, including weight considerations.
TL;DR: In this article, the stable cavities in phase space which have been observed in numerical calculations on the two-stream instability are compared with stable proton clusters which develop from the negative mass instability in the mirror experiment DCX•1.
Abstract: The one‐dimensional Vlasov equation describes the behavior of an incompressible self‐interacting classical fluid which moves in the (q, p) phase plane. This type of phase fluid occurs in many physical problems and its hydrodynamic properties can be examined from a general point of view. A characteristic feature with initially unstable spatially homogeneous configurations is the development of stable nonlinear phase structures. Such examples occur as the result of the gravitational Jeans instability, or the two‐stream and negative‐mass instabilities of charged‐particle beams. These structures can be related to one another by extending a duality principle due to Dory. The stable cavities in phase space which have been observed in numerical calculations on the two‐stream instability are compared with stable proton clusters which develop from the negative‐mass instability in the mirror experiment DCX‐1.
TL;DR: A descriptive model of the variables and interrelationships in the conflict process is presented and suggests both a testable framework for researchers and a meaningful perspective for management.
Abstract: Little is known about the causes, measurement, management, and consequences of conflict in distribution and its effect on distribution channel performance. This article presents a descriptive model...
TL;DR: In this article, the crystal structure of monoclinic HfO2 was determined using Weissenberg techniques using a needle-like single crystal which was grown from a lithium molybdate melt.
Abstract: The crystal structure of monoclinic HfO2 was determined using Weissenberg techniques. Data were obtained from a needlelike single crystal which was grown from a lithium molybdate melt. The crystal was rotated about the α axis, and reflection data were obtained for nine levels. A three-dimensional least-squares refinement confirms that monoclinic hafnia is isomorphous with monoclinic zirconia. The atomic coordinates in the structures agree within one standard deviation. Thus, the fractional coordinates for the metal atom differ by less than 0.0005 and those for the oxygen atoms by no more than 0.01. Whereas three of the seven Hf–O distances are larger than the corresponding Zr–O distances, the average value is approximately 0.01 A smaller. The average metal-metal distance is approximately 0.02 A less in HfO2 than in ZrO2.
TL;DR: In this article, a Fourier series method was used to obtain a solution to the governing equations of simplysupported laminated plates in which coupling occurs between bending and in-plane extension.
Abstract: Using a Fourier series method, a solution is obtained to the governing equations of simplysupported laminated plates in which coupling occurs between bending and in-plane extension. Results are presented for bending under transverse load, natural frequencies of flexural vibrations, and buckling under uniform biaxial compression. Coupling is shown to reduce the effective stiffness of a laminate compared to analogous homogeneous orthotropic plates.
TL;DR: Structural alterations in the mitral valve complex resulting in systolic prolapse of leaflets into the left atrium occur in these patients and posture related changes in mitral valves function most likely explain the auscultatory phenomena.
Abstract: Striking auscultatory variations with changes in posture were observed in 30 individuals with either mid-late systolic clicks, late systolic murmurs, or both, particularly in the upright position. Twenty-seven patients had late systolic murmurs; in nine, however, the murmur was not heard until assumption of the sitting position. Mid-late systolic clicks were heard in 20 patients while supine and in three only on sitting. Click movement (usually toward the first sound) was common during sitting or standing. Late systolic murmurs became holosystolic in 25 patients. In 20, the murmur did not become holosystolic until standing. Systolic whoops, not heard in the supine position, developed on assumption of the sitting position (three patients) or standing (three patients). With prompt squatting, the auscultatory findings reverted to those heard in the supine position in eight of nine patients. All observations were confirmed with phonocardiograms. Structural alterations in the mitral valve complex resulting in ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of boundary conditions on the bending, vibrations, and buckling of unsymmetrically laminated rectangular plates is investigated, and the applicability of the reduced-bending stiffness approximation is also explored.
Abstract: The effect of boundary conditions on the bending, vibrations, and buckling of unsymmetrically laminated rectangular plates is in vestigated. Five sets of boundary conditions corresponding to various clamped and simply-supported edges are treated. The effect of in- plane boundary conditions is shown to be a function of fiber orienta tion within the laminate. Numerical results also show that the effects of bending-extensional coupling can be severe for all the boundary conditions considered. The applicability of the reduced-bending- stiffness approximation is also explored.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the enzyme will catalyze the phosphorylation of deoxycytidine, 1-β-d-arabinofuranosyl cytosine, deoxyguanosine, and deoxyadenosine since the protein catalyzing these activities showed coincident purification.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that during an earlier Glacial, an ice sheet centered in the American sector of the Arctic Ocean may have extended onto adjacent land, carrying shelly drift far above the marine limit in the Canadian arctic islands, and inundating northwest Alaska.
TL;DR: The effects of graded increments of passive head-up tilt on the duration of the systolic time intervals corrected for heart rate were investigated in 15 normal subjects, and three patients with congestive heart failure demonstrated no change in the sydynamic time intervals during head- up tilt.
Abstract: The effects of graded increments of passive head-up tilt on the duration of the systolic time intervals corrected for heart rate were investigated in 15 normal subjects. Head-up tilt caused a prolongation of the pre-ejection period and a shortening of the left ventricular ejection time, while total electromechanical systole diminished minimally. The lengthening of the pre-ejection period and abbreviation of the left ventricular ejection time increased progressively with stepwise increments of head-up tilt. The application of venous occlusive tourniquets produced changes in the systolic intervals directionally similar to those observed with head-up tilt. In contrast to the normal subjects, three patients with congestive heart failure demonstrated no change in the systolic time intervals during head-up tilt. After diuresis in two of the patients with heart failure, the responses of their systolic time intervals to head-up tilt returned toward normal.
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the role of chunking and organization in the process of recall, which plays a major role in the associative relations between an item in a sequence and all the other items in the sequence.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of chunking and organization in the process of recall. There are four concepts associated with the organization of memory: chunk, memory code, decode, and recode. Chunks have been operationally defined as behavior sequences, which tend to occur either adjacently or in an all-or-none manner. Theoretically, they can be defined as item or information sets, which are stored within the same memory code, with the code and the chunk being distinct. Recoding refers to the process of learning the code for a chunk, and decoding is the process of translating the code into the information it represents. Organization plays a major role in the associative relations between an item in a sequence and all the other items in the sequence. When the items are from the same chunk, there appears to be a transferable association, but if they are from different chunks the transfer is small, if it exists at all. Chunks may also represent decision units in recall.
TL;DR: In this article, the problem of locating two sets of points in a joint space, given the Euclidean distances between elements from distinct sets, is solved algebraically for error free data, for fallible data it has least squares properties.
Abstract: The problem of locating two sets of points in a joint space, given the Euclidean distances between elements from distinct sets, is solved algebraically. For error free data the solution is exact, for fallible data it has least squares properties.