Showing papers by "Ohio State University published in 1977"

Aircraft Identification by Moment Invariants

Abstract: Although many systems for optical reading of printed matter have been developed and are now in wide use, comparatively little success has been achieved in the automatic interpretation of optical images of three-dimensional scenes. This paper is addressed to the latter problem and is specifically concerned with automatic recognition of aircraft types from optical images. An experimental system is described in which certain features called moment invariants are extracted from binary television images and are then used for automatic classification. This experimental system has exhibited a significantly lower error rate than human observers in a limited laboratory test involving 132 images of six aircraft types. Preliminary indications are that this performance can be extended to a wider class of objects and that identification can be accomplished in one second or less with a small computer.

Dose response evaluation of adriamycin in human neoplasia

Abstract: Because patients treated with 60-90 mg/m2 every three to four weeks reach cardiotoxic doses of 550 mg/m2 within 36 weeks, prolonged treatment with Adriamycin is limited. The purpose of this study was to determine whether lower doses could be given over longer periods without loss of efficacy. Good risk patients treated with 75, 60, or 45 mg/m2 had remission rates of 25, 27, and 19%; poor risk patients treated with 50 and 25 mg/m2 had remission rates of 16 and 12% respectively. Although a dose response was identified, there were no statistically significant differences in remission rates, durations of remission, or toxicities in the dose schedules studied. Irreversible congestive heart failure occurred in five patients with cumulative doses of 240-390 mg/m2. Unless rapid remission induction is urgent, we recommend 60 mg/m2 X four doses and measurement of myocardial function if treatment is to continue.

New Phase-Transition Phenomena in Thin Argon Films

Abstract: A density-functional theory capable of predicting free energies and spatially dependent number densities of simple classical fluids is applied to the case of argon films in the presence of a solid carbon dioxide substrate. For pressures less than the saturated vapor pressure, a new phase transition for which the order parameter is the film thickness is described. The phases are the usual unsaturated film and a one- or two-atomic-layer structure localized at the argon-C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ interface.

The “Discovery” of Child Abuse

Abstract: This paper represents a study of the organization of social forces which gave rise to the deviant labelling of child beating and which promoted the speedy and universal enactment of criminal legislation in the mid-1960s. Initial consideration is given to an historical survey of social reaction prior to the formulation of a fixed label. Specific attention is focused on the nineteenth-century “house of refuge movement,” early twentieth+century crusades by the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children and the rise of juvenile courts. A second section concentrates on the web of cultural values related to the protection of children at the time of the “discovery” of abuse as deviance. A third section examines factors associated with the organizational structure of the medical profession conducive to the “discovery” of a particular deviant label. The final segment of the paper concerns resultant social reaction. The paper synthesizes conflict and labelling perspectives in providing an interpretation of a particular social-legal development.

The Method of Configuration Interaction

Abstract: As the scope of quantum chemistry broadened from the consideration of stable molecules near equilibrium to encompass potential curves and surfaces, transition states, radicals, ions, and excited states, the shortcomings of the Hartree— Fock (HF) approximation for the description of the electronic structure of molecular systems became increasingly evident. The energy error of the restricted HF wave function, i.e., the difference between the HF limit energy (which is the limit approached by restricted self-consistent field calculations as the basis set approaches completeness) and the exact solution of the nonrelativistic Schrodinger equation, has been termed the correlation energy.(1) It reflects the fact that the HF Hamiltonian contains the average, rather than instantaneous, interelectron potential, and thus neglects the correlation between the motions of the electrons.

Manuscript Characteristics Which Influence Acceptance for Management and Social Science Journals

Abstract: Editors and advisory board members of 19 leading management and social science journals, including The Academy of Management Journal, were administered a 50 item questionnaire designed to obtain in...

Anatomical and neurobehavioral investigations concerning the thalamo-cortical organization of the rat's visual system.

Abstract: The organization of thalamic afferents to the rat's visual cortex was investigated autoradiographically and through the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) following injections into striate and peristriate cortex. The results revealed that Nucleus lateralis posterior (NLP) projects to a large peristriate cortical field that includes areas 18A, 7, and the anterior portion of area 18, and to a circumscribed temporal area corresponding to Krieg's ('46a,b) area 20. The dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) was shown to project to two spatially discontinuous cortical areas. The largest geniculate receiving area is partially coextensive with Krieg's area 17, but an extension of this projection posterior and medial to the striate cortex was found. In addition, a geniculate projection to a restricted field located in the lateral peristriate cortex was identified. Concurrent investigations were designed to assess the pattern discrimination abilities of rats prepared with striate cortical ablations, lesions in NLP and combined striate-cortical and thalamic ablations. Comparison of these animals with normal control subjects revealed that the striate cortex in the rat (as in the cat [Doty, '71; Sprague et al., '77] and the tree shrew [Killackey and Diamond, '71; Ware et al., '74]) is not necessary for successful pattern discrimination, and that the geniculo-striate and NLP-extra-striate projection systems are both involved in mediating the visual discriminative abilities of the rat. The results add species generality to the concept that the central connections to the visual cortex are characterized by parallel-conducting thalamic channels and contribute to the growing number of demonstrations that the extra-striate cortex and associated thalamic cell groups contribute significantly to the process of visual-pattern recognition.

The thermochemistry of transition metal sulfides

Abstract: A survey is made of the available data for the standard Gibbs energies of formation of solid and liquid sulfides of transition metals. The results are plotted as standard Gibbs energy vs temperature diagrams. The equations and estimated accuracy are quoted for each substance.

Eye Movements in Curve Negotiation

Abstract: Eye movements and fixations of five drivers were recorded and superimposed on a videotaped recording of the dynamic visual scene as they drove on a two-lane rural road. The results showed that (1) on curved roads, the fixation pattern follows the road geometry, whereas on straight roads, the search behavior is less active, and most of the fixations are close to the focus of expansion. The results indicate that in driving through curves drivers direct foveal fixations to lateral placement cues rather than rely on peripheral vision; (2) the process of curve scanning begins in the approach zone prior to the curve itself, suggesting that perceptually the curve negotiating process precedes the curve by several seconds; (3) the search patterns on right and left curves are not symmetrical; visual excursions to the right on right curves are greater than eye movements to the left on left curves; and (4) fixation duration statistics may be related to accident rates on curves. Implications of this study for the location of curve warning signs are given.

Fatty acids and their prostaglandin derivatives: inhibitors of proliferation in aortic smooth muscle cells

Abstract: Prostaglandins are synthesized from eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid and eicosa-5,8,11-14-tetraenoic acid by smooth muscle cell cultures from guinea pig aorta. Production is inhibited by indomethacin. The precursor fatty acids and their prostaglandin derivatives inhibit proliferation of the cell cultures. The relative availability of fatty acids for prostaglandin biosynthesis may represent a control mechanism for cell proliferation.

An analog of enkephalin having prolonged opiate-like effects in vivo.

Abstract: Intraventricular administration of the enkephalin analog, [D-Ala2]-metenkephalin, induces profound and long-lasting analgesia, as well as other opiate-like behavioral effects in the rat. This analgesia was highly dose dependent, of much greater magnitude, and about 30 times longer lasting than that produced by the naturally occurring peptide, methionine-enkephalin. The behavioral effects of the [D-Ala2] analog could be completely reversed by the opiate antagonist, naloxone, suggesting that these effects were mediated by opiate receptors. Systemic administration of naloxone alone resulted in a significant increase in pain sensitivity. These findings support the view that endogenous opiate systems may play an important role in modulating pain sensitivity.

The Effects of Group Size on Cognitive Effort and Evaluation

Abstract: Students rated a poem and an editorial believing that they alone were responsible, that they were one of four persons responsible, or that they were one of sixteen persons responsible for evaluating the communications. As predicted, group mem bers reported putting less effort into the assessment than indi viduals, and this diffusion of effort followed an inverse power function. In addition, individuals evaluated the communications more favorably than persons who thought they shared the evalu ation responsibility.

The morphology and domestication of pearl millet

Abstract: Among the many grasses which man has succeeded in domesticating, pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) is one of the most tolerant to conditions of drought. Throughout most of its distribution, mean annual rainfall varies between only 250 and 800 mm. As such, pearl millet is well adapted to moisture conditions which few other grain crops would even survive. A native of the Old World tropics, it reaches its greatest importance in the dry sahel zone which stretches across sub-Saharan Africa and in the semiarid regions of northwestern India. Throughout its distribution, pearl millet serves a multitude of traditional societies which would otherwise be hard pressed for their sustenance. The present study was initiated in order to fill some of the wide gaps which currently exist in our knowledge of the biology of pearl millet. Summarized here are the results of investigations into: (1) the present-day biological structure of the crop in terms of the composition of its primary gene pool; (2) the characteristics and distributions of the basic races in pearl millet; and (3) the time, place and events which surrounded its domestication.

Radiocarbon dating of the last glaciation in Peru

Abstract: In the Cordillera Vilcanota and the vicinity of the Quelccaya ice cap, near lat 14°S in eastern Peru, the last glaciation culminated sometime between about 28,000 and 14,000 B.P. Alpine glaciers were then only about half as long as during an earlier glaciation of unknown date. A rather minor readvance of the Quelccaya ice cap was in progress about 11,500 B.P. and culminated about 11,000 B.P., some 500 to 800 yr before the Younger Dryas Stade in Europe. By 10,000 B.P., the Quelccaya ice cap was little if any larger than it is today, and it was smaller than it is today between about 2700 and 1600 B.P. Glacier fluctuations during the interval 10,000 to 3000 B.P. have not yet been determined. A “Little Ice Age” maximum culminated between 600 and 300 B.P. The relative importance of changes in temperature and precipitation in causing these glacier variations is uncertain.

A phase III study comparing the clinical utility of four regimens of 5-fluorouracil: a preliminary report.

Abstract: A clinical trial involving 462 colon, rectum, and breast cancer patients randomized among four different dosage regimens of 5-FU (an intravenous loading course, a weekly intravenous schedule, a nontoxic schedule, and an oral schedule) has shown a significantly better response among colon-rectum cancer patients for the intravenous loading course. In addition, duration of response and time to progression are also significantly better. Overall survival is approaching significance for the colon rectum group (p value .082). In contrast, breast cancer patients show little difference between treatments. Toxicity is somewhat higher for the loading course.