Showing papers by "Ohio State University published in 1983"
TL;DR: A review of some of the conceptual and methodological progress that has been made in the area of climate research is presented in this paper, where a discussion of current thinking on the etiology of climates follows, and an integrative conceptual scheme is developed.
Abstract: A review of some of the conceptual and methodological progress that has been made in the area of climate research is presented. A discussion of current thinking on the etiology of climates follows, and an integrative conceptual scheme is developed. This perspective is based on Mead's (1934) symbolic interactionism as the process through which individuals come to attach meaning to events. Implications of this approach to the etiology of climates are discussed with respect to measurement issues, the management of climate acquisition in organizations, and the change and development of climates over time.
1,204 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the utility of self-efficacy theory to the understanding and treatment of career indecision and examine the relationship of career decision-making selfefficacy to several components of vocational indecision.
1,194 citations
Book•
01 Jan 19831,181 citations
01 Apr 1983
TL;DR: Kinematically redundant manipulators have a number of potential advantages over current manipulator designs and velocity control through pseudoinverses is suggested for this type of arm.
Abstract: Kinematically redundant manipulators have a number of potential advantages over current manipulator designs. For this type of arm, velocity control through pseudoinverses is suggested. Questions associated with pseudoinverse control are examined in detail and show that in some cases this control leads to undesired arm configurations. A method for distributing joint angles of a redundant arm in a good approximation to a true minimax criterion is described. In addition several numerical considerations are discussed.
1,007 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship of mathematics self-efficacy expectations to the selection of science-based majors in college males and females, and found that mathematics selfefficacy expectation was significantly related to the extent to which students selected science based college majors, thus supporting the role of cognitive mediational factors in educational and career choice behavior.
875 citations
TL;DR: Most of the metastatic neoplasms had significantly lower genomic m5C contents than did most of the benign neoplasm or normal tissues, which might reflect an involvement of extensive demethylation of DNA in tumor progression.
Abstract: The over-all 5-methylcytosine (m5C) content of DNA from normal tissues varies considerably in a tissue-specific manner. By high-performance liquid chromatography, we have examined the m5C contents of enzymatic digests of DNA from 103 human tumors including benign, primary malignant and secondary malignant neoplasms. The diversity and large number of these tumor samples allowed us to compare the range of DNA methylation levels from neoplastic tissues to that of normal tissues from humans. Most of the metastatic neoplasms had significantly lower genomic m5C contents than did most of the benign neoplasms or normal tissues. The percentage of primary malignancies with hypomethylated DNA was intermediate between those of metastases and benign neoplasms. These findings might reflect an involvement of extensive demethylation of DNA in tumor progression. Such demethylation could be a source of the continually generated cellular diversity associated with cancer.
837 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of mutual coupling between array elements on the performance of adaptive arrays is examined, including both steady state and transient performance, and the steering vector required to maximize the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of Applebaum-type adaptive arrays with mutual coupling is also given.
Abstract: The effect of mutual coupling between array elements on the performance of adaptive arrays is examined. The study includes both steady state and transient performance. An expression for the steady state output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of adaptive arrays, taking into account the mutual coupling between the array elements, is derived. The expression is used to assess the steady state performance of adaptive arrays. The transient response is studied by computing the eigenvalues associated with the signal covariance matrix. The steering vector required to maximize the output SINR of Applebaum-type adaptive arrays in the presence of mutual coupling is also given.
713 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1983TL;DR: In this article, the rationality of minority government formation and the role of minority parties in minority government is discussed, as well as the politics of cooperation and defection in minority governments.
Abstract: 1. The problem of minority government 2. The rationality of minority government formation 3. Forming minority governments 4. Minority governments in office 5. Italy: the politics of cooperation and defection 6. Norway: the politics of inclusion 7. Reassessing minority governments Appendices Notes References.
685 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of maternal inheritance and vegetative segregation of organelle genes are dealt with by defining new effective gene numbers, and substituting these for 2Ne in classical theory of nuclear genes for diploid organisms.
Abstract: We developed population genetic theory for organelle genes, using an infinite alleles model appropriate for molecular genetic data, and considering the effects of mutation and random drift on the frequencies of selectively neutral alleles. The effects of maternal inheritance and vegetative segregation of organelle genes are dealt with by defining new effective gene numbers, and substituting these for 2Ne in classical theory of nuclear genes for diploid organisms. We define three different effective gene numbers. The most general is Nλ, defined as a function of population size, number of organelle genomes per cell, and proportions of genes contributed by male and female gametes to the zygote. In many organisms, vegetative segregation of organelle genomes and intracellular random drift of organelle gene frequencies combine to produce a predominance of homoplasmic cells within individuals in the population. Then, the effective number of organelle genes is Neo, a simple function of the numbers of males and females and of the maternal and paternal contributions to the zygote. Finally, when the paternal contribution is very small, N eo is closely approximated by the number of females, N f. Then if the sex ratio is 1, the mean time to fixation or loss of new mutations is approximately two times longer for nuclear genes than for organelle genes, and gene diversity is approximately four times greater. The difference between nuclear and organelle genes disappears or is reversed in animals in which males have large harems. The differences between nuclear and organelle gene behavior caused by maternal inheritance and vegetative segregation are generally small and may be overshadowed by differences in mutation rates to neutral alleles. For monoecious organisms, the effective number of organelle genes is approximately equal to the total population size N. We also show that a population can be effectively subdivided for organelle genes at migration rates which result in panmixis for nuclear genes, especially if males migrate more than females.
669 citations
TL;DR: It is proved that there is a numberk such that every graph with no minor isomorphic toH has path-width≆k, and this implies that ifP is any property of graphs such that some forest does not have propertyP, then the set of minor-minimal graphs without propertyP is finite.
635 citations
TL;DR: This article investigated the influence of a positive feeling state on the decision-making process involved in choosing one alternative from among a group of items and found that positive-affect subjects were less likely than were control subjects to review information they had already looked at, and were more likely to ignore information considered unimportant.
Abstract: This study investigated the influence of a positive feeling state on the decision-making process involved in choosing one alternative from among a group of items. Subjects were asked to select one of six fictitious cars, differing along several dimensions, for purchase. Persons who had been made to feel good by receiving feedback that they had succeeded on a prior task of perceptual-motor skills chose the same alternatives as did control subjects, but made their decisions more quickly. Positive-affect subjects were less likely than were control subjects to review information they had already looked at, and were more likely to ignore information considered unimportant. Analysis of subjects' protocols indicates that the groups differed in the strategies they used for reaching decisions. The positive-affect subjects were likely to use the strategy of “elimination by aspects” (eliminating from further consideration alternatives that did not meet a criterion on a selected important dimension). The effect of po...
TL;DR: In this paper, the strong forces binding quarks and leptons induce flavor-diagonal contact interactions, which have significant effects at reaction energies well below 1.5$ TeV for both electrons and light quarks.
Abstract: If quarks and leptons are composite at the energy scale $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$, the strong forces binding their constituents induce flavor-diagonal contact interactions, which have significant effects at reaction energies well below $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$. Consideration of their effect on Bhabha scattering produces a new, stronger bound on the scale of electron compositeness: $\ensuremath{\Lambda}g750$ GeV. Collider experiments now being planned will be sensitive to $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\sim}1\ensuremath{-}5$ TeV for both electrons and light quarks.
TL;DR: A prospective study of 114 patients with DMD provided data for “power” calculations for future therapeutic trials and fifteen percent of the patients appear to have a milder variety of the disease and are termed “outliers.”
Abstract: A prospective study of 114 patients with DMD provided data for "power" calculations for future therapeutic trials. There was a decline in strength of 0.4 units per year (on a 0-10 scale). Contractures of the iliotibial bands, hip flexors, and heel cords developed before 6 years. Contractures of other joints accompanied the increased use of wheelchairs. All children walked until 8 years with functional "improvement" between 3-6 years. Children of the same age varied widely in their strength, degree of contracture, and functional abilities. Fifteen percent of the patients appear to have a milder variety of the disease and are termed "outliers." To test a drug which might slow the disease to 25% of its original rate of progression, two groups (placebo and treatment) of 40 patients each would have to be followed for one year.
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that if the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy, they will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame, unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed.
Abstract: 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted you will find a target note listing the pages in the adjacent frame.
TL;DR: In this article, a high frequency solution for scattering from a thin dielectric slab is developed, based on a modification of the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction solution for a haft-plane, with the intention of developing a model for a windshield of a small private aircraft.
Abstract: A high frequency solution for scattering from a thin dielectric slab is developed, based on a modification of the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction solution for a haft-plane, with the intention of developing a model for a windshield of a small private aircraft. Results of the theory are compared with experimental measurements and moment method calculations showing good agreement. Application of the solution is also addressed.
TL;DR: This paper examined the effect that the size of a firm has on export activities, perceived problems in exporting, and attitudes toward exporting and found that broad generalizations concerning the size and behavior of firms and exporting appear to be inappropriate.
Abstract: This research examines the effect that the size of a firm has on export activities, perceived problems in exporting, and attitudes toward exporting. The results indicate that broad generalizations concerning the size of firms and exporting appear to be inappropriate.
Patent•
20 May 1983TL;DR: In this paper, a mixture of endogenous and exogenous proteins, and fragments thereof, are chemically modified outside the body of an animal so that when injected into the animal they produce more antibodies against the unmodified protein than would injection of the protein or fragment alone.
Abstract: Endogenous and exogenous proteins, and fragments thereof, are chemically modified outside the body of an animal so that when injected into the animal they produce more antibodies against the unmodified protein than would injection of the unmodified protein or fragment alone. The chemical modification may be accomplished by attaching the proteins or fragments to carriers such as, for example, bacterial toxoids. The chemical modification can also be accomplished by polymerization of protein fragments. Proteins which can be modified include Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin. The modified polypeptides may be administered to animals for the purpose of contraception, abortion or treatment of hormone-related disease states and disease disorders, treatment of hormone-associated carcinomas, and to boost the animals resistance to exogenous proteins, for example viral proteins.
TL;DR: The comparison shows the independent modal-space control method to possess many advantages over coupled control, as it permits easier design and implementation and requires less computational effort and control energy for implementation.
Abstract: Two broad approaches to the active control of large flexible systems are compared, namely, coupled control and independent modal-space control. The basic difference between the two approaches lies in the manner in which the feedback controls are designed. The two methods are compared qualitatively from design and computational viewpoints, and quantitatively through the work done, performance index, and spillover effects. The comparison shows the independent modal-space control method to possess many advantages over coupled control, as it permits easier design and implementation and requires less computational effort and control energy for implementation.
Proceedings Article•
01 Jan 1983TL;DR: In this article, the effects of parallelizing branch-and-bound algorithms by expanding several live nodes simultaneously was considered. And it was shown that it is quite possible for a parallel branch-bound algorithm using n2processors to take more time than one using n1processors, even though n1 is the number of live nodes.
Abstract: We consider the effects of parallelizing branch-and-bound algorithms by expanding several live nodes simultaneously It is shown that it is quite possible for a parallel branch-and-bound algorithm using n2processors to take more time than one using n1processors, even though n1
TL;DR: In this paper, the fully frustrated model on a square lattice with the use of Monte Carlo simulations was studied and a phase transition at a finite temperature was found with specific-heat data being consistent with a logarithmic divergence.
Abstract: We study the fully frustrated $\mathrm{XY}$ model on a square lattice with the use of Monte Carlo simulations. We find a phase transition at a finite temperature ${T}_{I}$ with the specific-heat data being consistent with a logarithmic divergence. The helicity modulus $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}$ jumps to zero with a value $\frac{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}{{k}_{B}T}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}\frac{2}{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ at a $T\ensuremath{\lesssim}{T}_{I}$. The application of frustrated $\mathrm{XY}$ models to the behavior of coupled Josephson junction arrays is discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the order of phase transitions and the relation between T/sub c/(T/sub F) and T/Sub F/ using simulation methods which neglect internal fermion loops.
Abstract: At zero temperature SU(2) and SU(3) gauge theories confine quarks and spontaneously break chiral symmetry. At some non-zero temperatures T/sub c/(T/sub F/) these gauge theories lose confinement (chiral-symmetry breaking). We have studied the order of these phase transitions and the relation between T/sub c/ and T/sub F/ using simulation methods which neglect internal fermion loops. For SU(2) both transitions are second order and 1 less than or equal to T/sub F//T/sub c/ < 1.30. For SU(3) the transitions are first order and we find 1 less than or equal to T/sub F//T/sub c/ less than or equal to 1.05, with T/sub c/ approx. = 200 MeV.
TL;DR: The Fishbein behavioral intention model as discussed by the authors combines all beliefs about the consequences of an act into a single attitude component, whether they pertain to the deepest personal conviction or to the rewards of expedient compliance.
Abstract: The Fishbein behavioral intention model combines all beliefs about the consequences of an act into a single attitude component. We propose a new model that separates personal and nonnative reasons for engaging in behavior. Two studies permitted multiple tests of the model's validity. The results support the model's potential for distinguishing between personal and normative motivations underlying behavior and illustrate the value of such distinctions for understanding behavior. P ersonal attitudes and social influences have long been recognized as playing important roles in consumer decision making. Research examining these two determinants of choice has focused largely on one (e.g., attitude-behavior relationships) to the exclusion of the other (e.g., referent influence, social power). Consequently, little work has been done concerning the relative role each plays in decision making. Identifying the relative importance of each for a given action (e.g., adolescent smoking behavior, adoption of innovations) should be a useful step toward understanding why the behavior occurs and in considering the likely effects of alternative behavior change strategies. A pioneering cognitive approach to integrating these two determinants of choice into a single conceptual framework is the Fishbein behavioral intention model (Ajzen and Fishbein 1980; Fishbein and Ajzen 1975). Within this model, all beliefs about the consequences of behavioral performance (and their associated affect) are combined into an attitude component, whether they pertain to the deepest personal conviction or to the rewards of expedient compliance. Beliefs about referent expectations (whether the referent thinks s/he should or should not engage in the behavior) are treated separately (combined into the normative component) and are considered to reflect social influences with respect to the behavior under study. Thus the Fishbein model does not seek to separate personal from normative
TL;DR: Genes in mitochondria and chloroplasts behave quite differently from genes in the nucleus: they are often inherited from only one parent, and they segregate during mitotic cell divisions as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Genes in mitochondria and chloroplasts behave quite differently from genes in the nucleus: they are often inherited from only one parent, and they segregate during mitotic cell divisions. Cells con...
TL;DR: Calcium activities changed little independent of electrode placement in the spinal cord, were stable during the 3 h necessary to make injury measurements, and were comparable to other estimates of calcium in the interstitial space in the control animal.
TL;DR: In this paper, numerical solutions to multicellular natural convection in a vertical enclosure were presented, where the calculated streamlines faithfully represent what has been seen in the laboratory by smoke traces in air and particle traces in oils.
Abstract: In this article we present numerical solutions to multicellular natural convection in a vertical enclosure The calculated streamlines faithfully represent what has been seen in the laboratory by smoke traces in air and particle traces in oils The calculated isotherms for air correspond to reported interferometric patterns Solutions exhibiting travelling waves for water were calculated near conditions where they should occur according to linear stability theory Heat-transfer results for air are given and their dependence on the aspect ratio of the enclosure exhibited
TL;DR: It is concluded that the ANOVA measures of interaction and curvilinearity are more sensitive measures than the nonlinear regression procedure and are apparently both valid indices of noncompensatory decision making.
TL;DR: In this article, height and per-capita income of the United States are compared to the United Kingdom in the context of historical methods, and the authors present a survey of the literature.
Abstract: (1983). Height and Per Capita Income. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 1-7.
TL;DR: The results suggest that H3 gene transcription is not tightly coupled to DNA replication but is controlled temporally during the resting to growing transition, and there is a correlation between the rate of DNA synthesis and the stability of histone H3 mRNA.
Abstract: We measured the content and metabolism of histone mRNA in mouse 3T6 fibroblasts during a serum-induced transition from the resting to growing state. The content of several histone H3 and H2b mRNAs was measured by an S1 nuclease procedure. All of these increase in parallel by a factor of about 50 during S phase. However, the rate of H3 gene transcription increased only fivefold during this period, as determined in an in vitro transcription assay. This suggests that histone mRNA content is also controlled at the posttranscriptional level. When resting cells were serum stimulated in the presence of cytosine arabinoside, the rate of H3 gene transcription increased to about the same extent as that in control-stimulated cells. However, cytoplasmic H3 mRNA content increased only five to seven-fold. The half-life of H3 mRNA during S phase was about 4 to 5 h. When cytosine arabinoside was added to cells in the S phase, the half-life of the message decreased to about 15 min. The rapid turnover of H3 mRNA was prevented when the drug was added in the presence of cycloheximide or puromycin. The rate of H3 gene transcription decreased by only 35% after treatment with cytosine arabinoside. These results suggest that H3 gene transcription is not tightly coupled to DNA replication but is controlled temporally during the resting to growing transition. However, there is a correlation between the rate of DNA synthesis and the stability of histone H3 mRNA.
TL;DR: The abundant fossil evidence for plant/animal interrelationships during the Upper Carboniferous should be evaluated when considering co-evolution.
Abstract: This paper discusses evidence for plant/animal relationships in the Upper Carboniferous. Close interactions are examined from the study of fossil plants and animals preserved in coal swamp and coastal plain environments. Evidence for plant/animal interactions is in the form of: (1) animal morphology, including both vertebrates and invertebrates. The vertebrates are dominated by amphibians; however, a few reptiles are known and are mostly carnivores or insectivores. The invertebrate communities are dominated by arthropods, many of which are herbivores. Millipedes, springtails and mites are present on the forest floor and in peats, with insects dominating above ground environments. The diets of the animals have been studied using evidence from gut contents, coprolites, anatomy and comparisons to modern representatives. (2) Plant morphology, including positive stimulation (i.e., dispersal vectors) or in terms of negative stimulation such as protection against herbivory. These data include plant anatomy and morphology, evidence of herbivory in the form of chewed leaves, bored seeds and megaspores, etc. Evidence is provided that suggests that the medullosan seed fern pollen typeMonoletes may have been dispersed by animal vectors. Information on plant/animal relationships in a single environment is based on a study of coprolites extracted from permineralizations (coal balls). Assemblages of coprolites found in these coal balls suggest that they were formed principally from mites, Collembola and millipedes, and demonstrates that the association of soil arthropods, which is important in modern soil ecosystems, was already dominating similar environments in the late Carboniferous. The abundant fossil evidence for plant/animal interrelationships during the Upper Carboniferous should be evaluated when considering co-evolution.