Showing papers by "Ohio State University published in 2022"
TL;DR: The Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) as mentioned in this paper is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study recruiting adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital with COVID19 across the UK.
118 citations
TL;DR: Zeng et al. as mentioned in this paper reported that the Omicron variant exhibits drastic resistance to neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in healthy recipients of two-dose mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines.
51 citations
01 Jun 2022
TL;DR: In this article , selective laser melting (SLM) was introduced into the preparation of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEA to realize unique strength-ductility balance, with emphasis on investigating the effects of processing parameters on its microstructure and properties.
Abstract: As a typical dual-phase eutectic high entropy alloy (EHEA), AlCoCrFeNi2.1 can achieve the fair matching of strength and ductility, which has attracted wide attention. However, the engineering applications of as-cast AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEAs still face challenges, such as coarse grain and low yield strength resulting from low solidification rate and temperature gradient. In this study, selective laser melting (SLM) was introduced into the preparation of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEA to realize unique strength-ductility balance, with emphasis on investigating the effects of processing parameters on its eutectic microstructure and properties. The results show that the SLM-ed samples exhibit a completely eutectic structure consisting of ultra-fine face-centered cubic (FCC) and ordered body-centered cubic (B2) phases, and the duplex microstructure undergoes a morphological evolution from lamellar structure to cellular structure as laser energy input reducing. The SLM-ed AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEA presents an excellent match of high tensile strength (1271 MPa), yield strength (966 MPa), and good ductility (22.5%) at room temperature, which are significantly enhanced by the ultra-fine grains and heterogeneous structure due to rapid solidification rate and high temperature gradient during SLM. Especially, the yield strength increment of ∼50% is realized with no loss in ductility as compared with the as-cast samples with the same composition. On this basis, the precise complex component with excellent mechanical properties is well achieved. This work paves the way for the performance improvement and complex parts preparation of EHEA by microstructural design using laser additive manufacturing.
45 citations
TL;DR: Using a case study from Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), it is shown that the proposed tailored Benders decomposition outperforms the nested Bender decomposition in solving GEP and TEP simultaneously.
45 citations
TL;DR: A review of the state-of-the-art research on machine learning techniques used for detection and classification of Alzheimer's disease with a focus on neuroimaging and primarily journal articles published since 2016 can be found in this article.
41 citations
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill1, University of Nantes2, Ohio State University3, University of Connecticut4, McGill University5, University of Houston6, Indiana University7, Brookhaven National Laboratory8, Stony Brook University9, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory10, University of Illinois at Chicago11, North Carolina State University12, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign13, University of Washington14, University of Wuppertal15, Michigan State University16, Massachusetts Institute of Technology17, Wayne State University18, University of Minnesota19, University of Chicago20, University of California, Los Angeles21, Chinese Academy of Sciences22
TL;DR: The Beam Energy Scan Theory (BEST) Collaboration was formed with the goal of providing a theoretical framework for analyzing data from the BES program at the relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory as mentioned in this paper.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report a kind of novel nanosheet arrays through a facile hydrothermal and subsequent electrodeposition process, which possess an overpotential of 270mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 50 mA cm−2 and 90 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction at 10 mAcm−2 in 1.0 m KOH electrolyte.
36 citations
TL;DR: A procurement strategy that provides the social planner with two ordering opportunities and explore the conditions under which the two members would be willing to accept the strategy are proposed, showing that such a strategy is effective on improving the influenza vaccine supply chain coordination.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on utilizing hydrochar and biochar synthesized from waste biomass, respectively, through hydrothermal carbonization and slow pyrolysis to mitigate phosphorus concentration and potential strategies for handling the spent char.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors measure the low-J CO line ratios R 21 ≡ CO (2 −1)/CO (1 −0), R 32 ≡ CO(3 −2)/CO(2 − 1), and R 31 ≡CO (3−2)/Co (1−0) using whole-disk CO maps of nearby galaxies.
Abstract: Abstract We measure the low- J CO line ratios R 21 ≡ CO (2–1)/CO (1–0), R 32 ≡ CO (3–2)/CO (2–1), and R 31 ≡CO (3–2)/CO (1–0) using whole-disk CO maps of nearby galaxies. We draw CO (2–1) from PHANGS-ALMA, HERACLES, and follow-up IRAM surveys; CO (1–0) from COMING and the Nobeyama CO Atlas of Nearby Spiral Galaxies; and CO (3–2) from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope Nearby Galaxy Legacy Survey and Atacama Pathfinder Experiment Large APEX Sub-Millimetre Array mapping. All together, this yields 76, 47, and 29 maps of R 21 , R 32 , and R 31 at 20″ ∼ 1.3 kpc resolution, covering 43, 34, and 20 galaxies. Disk galaxies with high stellar mass, log ( M ⋆ / M ⊙ ) = 10.25 – 11 , and star formation rate (SFR) = 1–5 M ⊙ yr −1 , dominate the sample. We find galaxy-integrated mean values and a 16%–84% range of R 21 = 0.65 (0.50–0.83), R 32 = 0.50 (0.23–0.59), and R 31 = 0.31 (0.20–0.42). We identify weak trends relating galaxy-integrated line ratios to properties expected to correlate with excitation, including SFR/ M ⋆ and SFR/ L CO . Within galaxies, we measure central enhancements with respect to the galaxy-averaged value of ∼ 0.18 − 0.14 + 0.09 dex for R 21 , 0.27 − 0.15 + 0.13 dex for R 31 , and 0.08 − 0.09 + 0.11 dex for R 32 . All three line ratios anticorrelate with galactocentric radius and positively correlate with the local SFR surface density and specific SFR, and we provide approximate fits to these relations. The observed ratios can be reasonably reproduced by models with low temperature, moderate opacity, and moderate densities, in good agreement with expectations for the cold interstellar medium. Because the line ratios are expected to anticorrelate with the CO (1–0)-to-H 2 conversion factor, α CO 1 − 0 , these results have general implications for the interpretation of CO emission from galaxies.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors report a kind of novel nanosheet arrays through a facile hydrothermal and subsequent electrodeposition process, which possess an overpotential of 270 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 50 mA cm−2 and 90 mV of hydrogen evolution reaction in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors developed a model framework considering the risks resulting from uncertainties on both supply and demand sides that the manufacturer may delay part of delivery and the social planner may order under or over demand.
TL;DR: The role of Mn existence types on microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-2.0Zn-1.5Mn magnesium alloy is investigated in this paper.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored researchers' perspectives on the main strengths and weaknesses of EIA so they may advance recommendations to improve the quality and effectiveness of environmental impact assessment (EIA) procedures for more sustainable outcomes.
01 Jan 2022-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the ZK60 alloy were investigated for various extrusion temperatures (400 oC, 350 oC and 300 oC).
Abstract: In this study, dynamic precipitation was observed in ZK60 (Mg-6.0Zn-0.5Zr) alloy during low temperature extrusion. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated for various extrusion temperatures (400 oC, 350 oC and 300 oC). Decreasing extrusion temperature resulted in an increased dynamic precipitation as well as grain refinement. With decreasing extrusion temperature from 400 oC to 300 oC, the grain size was refined from 9.6 μm to 1.4 μm, and the dynamic recrystallization was changed from a discontinuous mechanism to a continuous one. The low temperature extrusion (300oC) resulted in an increased defect density and a supersaturated Zn in Mg matrix, which promoted the nucleation and potential for precipitation during extrusion process. The dynamic precipitates accelerated the nucleation of new grains during the dynamic recrystallization process. Besides the grain size, the texture intensity was also reduced. Due to the grain refinement and texture weakening during low temperature extrusion, both the mechanical strength and tensile ductility were improved with decreasing extrusion temperature. When extruded at 300 oC, the ZK60 alloy achieved a relatively high tensile yield strength (TYS) of 295 MPa and a remarkably high tensile elongation of 27.7%.
01 Jan 2022-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, a two-step aging heat treatment was proposed to design a bimodal microstructure with distinctively different populations of fine-scale and coarse α precipitates in Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr-1Zr (Ti-55531, wt. %) alloys.
Abstract: The formation of ultra-fine α precipitates in β-titanium alloys can significantly improve strength but may lead to rupture and low ductility. Here, we propose a simple two-step aging heat treatment to design a bimodal microstructure with distinctively different populations of fine-scale and coarse α precipitates in Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr-1Zr (Ti-55531, wt. %) by involving two transformation mechanisms, i.e., classical nucleation and growth, and pseudo-spinodal decomposition. Such a multi-scale α microstructure exhibits a synergistic combination of yield strength (∼1.1 GPa) and ductility (∼19.5% elongation). TEM characterization shows that the appearance of deformation twins in coarse α precipitates contribute to increased ductility, and the higher strength may be attributed to dislocation tangles in fine-scale α precipitates. Our work provides a new strategy to overcome the strength-ductility trade-off by designing a heterogeneous microstructure.
TL;DR: In this article, a new (α+β) Ti-alloy, Ti-6Al-2V-1Cr-1Fe (wt), with fine grain sizes, fine precipitates, together with the high strength and excellent ductility in its as-cast state is developed.
TL;DR: This work bridges the gap between the derivative-free optimization and process systems literature by providing insight into the efficiency of data-driven optimization algorithms in the process systems domain to advance the digitalization of the chemical and process industries.
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , a critical review aims to systematically evaluate the findings on microplastics sources, occurrence, and spatial distribution in marine sediments, and examine the characteristics of keywords, authors, co-authors, country, bibliographical analysis, and publication results using VOSviewer.
Abstract: Microplastics (<5 mm) are a pollutant of growing ecotoxicological concern for marine and human health. This critical review aims (i) to systematically evaluate the findings on microplastics sources, occurrence, and spatial distribution in marine sediments, (ii) to examine the characteristics of keywords, authors, co-authors, country, bibliographical analysis, and publication results using VOSviewer. We identified around 350 papers from the Web of Science regarding microplastic pollution published between 2010 and 2020. Original research articles (95.62%) in high quality journals such as Marine Pollution Bulletin (54.79%), Environmental Pollution (15.07%), Science of the Total Environment (7.40%), Environmental Science and Technology (4.93%), Marine Environmental Research (4.66%), Environmental Science Pollution Research (2.7%), Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (2.19%), Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (1.65%), Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (1.37%), and Environment International (0.82%) were chosen. Different types of polymers are found in the environment, the most common being polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). Possible sources, abundances, composition, and size of microplastics in marine sediments, as well as keywords (1000), authors, and co-authors (1445), are discussed. For the identification of microplastics in marine sediments, most researchers used Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) (74%), Raman Spectroscopy (14%), and Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) (12%). The current review offers an extensive range of detailed information to help the scientific community understand the problems and devise control measures to minimize both plastic consumption and the resulting risks to the marine ecosystem.
TL;DR: In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful approach to characterize the dynamic evolution of material structure, morphology, and chemistry at the atomic scale in real time and in operando as mentioned in this paper .
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors performed exome and RNA sequencing to identify somatic variation and confirmed their findings using high-depth targeted DNA sequencing, which revealed the genetic basis of structural brain abnormalities leading to focal epilepsy in children and point to new candidate disease genes.
Abstract: Objective Epilepsy-associated developmental lesions, including malformations of cortical development and low-grade developmental tumors, represent a major cause of drug-resistant seizures requiring surgical intervention in children. Brain-restricted somatic mosaicism has been implicated in the genetic etiology of these lesions; however, many contributory genes remain unidentified. Methods We enrolled 50 children who were undergoing epilepsy surgery into a translational research study. Resected tissue was divided for clinical neuropathologic evaluation and genomic analysis. We performed exome and RNA sequencing to identify somatic variation and we confirmed our findings using high-depth targeted DNA sequencing. Results We uncovered candidate disease-causing somatic variation affecting 28 patients (56%), as well as candidate germline variants affecting 4 patients (8%). In agreement with previous studies, we identified somatic variation affecting solute carrier family 35 member A2 (SLC35A2) and mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (MTOR) pathway genes in patients with focal cortical dysplasia. Somatic gains of chromosome 1q were detected in 30% (3 of 10) of patients with Type I focal cortical dysplasia (FCD)s. Somatic variation in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway genes (i.e., fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 [FGFR1], FGFR2, B-raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase [BRAF], and KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase [KRAS]) was associated with low-grade epilepsy-associated developmental tumors. RNA sequencing enabled the detection of somatic structural variation that would have otherwise been missed, and which accounted for more than one-half of epilepsy-associated tumor diagnoses. Sampling across multiple anatomic regions revealed that somatic variant allele fractions vary widely within epileptogenic tissue. Finally, we identified putative disease-causing variants in genes not yet associated with focal cortical dysplasia. Significance These results further elucidate the genetic basis of structural brain abnormalities leading to focal epilepsy in children and point to new candidate disease genes.
01 Feb 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the hot deformation behavior of homogenized AA2070 Al-Li-Cu alloy was studied using isothermal compression in a temperature range of 300 °C-500 °C and a strain rate range of 0.001 s-1 to 1 s − 1.
Abstract: The hot deformation behavior of homogenized AA2070 Al–Li–Cu alloy was studied using isothermal compression in a temperature range of 300 °C–500 °C and a strain rate range of 0.001 s-1 to 1 s-1. Deformation microstructure was characterized using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) including weak beam dark field STEM imaging to correlate the microstructure evolution with hot deformation mechanism. TEM/STEM results show that a high density of fine T1 (Al2LiCu) phase forms in the microstructure through dynamic precipitation at compression temperatures lower than 400 °C, especially at low strain rates. Constitutive analysis shows that back stress due to dynamic precipitation of T1 phase decreases with increasing compression temperature and increasing strain rate. EBSD characterization indicates that dynamic recovery is the main softening mechanism at temperatures below 400 °C. At 400 °C and above, intermetallic phases including T1, Al20Cu2Mn3 and Al3Cu2 in the microstructure gradually dissolve, and dynamic recrystallization becomes the dominant softening mechanism, resulting in texture weakening and grain refinement. Three dynamic recrystallization mechanisms including discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) at large angle grain boundaries, particle stimulated nucleation (PSN) and continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) were observed. Based on hot work efficiency, deformation instability and microstructure evaluation, processing maps were constructed using both conventional method and Garofalo sinh equation, providing optimum processing conditions (temperature >400 °C and strain rate <0.1 s-1) for industrial forging, extrusion and rolling processes.
TL;DR: In this article, the impacts of numerous unconventional fly ashes on early and later-age properties of cementitious paste were assessed, including heat release characteristics, bulk resistivity, compressive strength, calcium hydroxide content and bound water content.
Abstract: The availability of fly ash for concrete has decreased due to the shutdowns of coal-fired power plants. Alternatives to conventional fly ash are needed to ensure sustainable and durable concrete. In this study, the impacts of numerous unconventional fly ashes – reclaimed, beneficiated off-spec, and marginal fly ashes on early and later-age properties of cementitious paste were assessed. Heat release characteristics, bulk resistivity, compressive strength, calcium hydroxide content and bound water content were studied. “Unconventional” fly ash performance was compared to conventional fly ashes, inert materials and a cement control. Substantial differences between Class C and Class F fly ashes were observed, even for unconventional fly ashes. The fly ash CaO content is positively correlated with several early-age paste properties, however, certain other properties did not show significant early-age differences based on fly ash type. Class F fly ashes showed significantly higher bulk resistivity at 91-days, while Class C fly ashes showed higher bound water contents. All tested unconventional fly ashes were reactive, contributed to strength development, and did not negatively affect cement hydration. Some fly ashes resulted in properties that varied significantly from those expected for conventional fly ashes, but there did not appear to be a simple correlation between a fly ash being either off-spec, marginal, reclaimed, or beneficiated and its performance being different from what is expected from similar class fly ashes. The results suggest that fly ash specifications need to be broadened to include unconventional fly ashes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report new satellite analyses on local climate impacts of forest loss at 30-m resolution, combining multiple long-term satellite products (e.g., albedo and evapotranspiration) at 700 sites across major climate zones in the conterminous United States, using time-series trend and changepoint detection methods.
TL;DR: The potential to increase inclusion within community science is providing exciting opportunities within entomology and an increase in the diversity of community scientists, alongside increasing taxonomic and geographic breadth of initiatives, will bring enormous benefits globally for people and nature.
Abstract: Community (or citizen) science, the involvement of volunteers in scientific endeavors, has a long history. Over the past few centuries, the contributions of volunteers to our understanding of patterns and processes in entomology has been inspiring. From the collation of large-scale and long-term data sets, which have been instrumental in underpinning our knowledge of the status and trends of many insect groups, to action, including species management, whether for conservation or control, community scientists have played pivotal roles. Contributions, such as pest monitoring by farmers and species discoveries by amateur naturalists, set foundations for the research engaging entomologists today. The next decades will undoubtedly bring new approaches, tools, and technologies to underpin community science. The potential to increase inclusion within community science is providing exciting opportunities within entomology. An increase in the diversity of community scientists, alongside increasing taxonomic and geographic breadth of initiatives, will bring enormous benefits globally for people and nature. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Entomology, Volume 67 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed a data-driven model for the long-term prediction of electricity market prices that is based on Fourier analysis, where the electricity price is decomposed into components leading to its base evolution, which are described through the amplitudes of the main frequencies of the Fourier series.
TL;DR: In this paper , the reaction of the corresponding Schiff base ligands, boric acid, and 3,5-di-tert-butyl catechol under favorable reaction conditions was investigated.
TL;DR: Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) localize to airway motile cilia and initiate innate immune responses in retaliation to bacterial quorum sensing molecules, leading to calcium-driven NO production that increases cilia beating and directly kills bacteria.
TL;DR: Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) localize to airway motile cilia and initiate innate immune responses in retaliation to bacterial quorum sensing molecules, leading to calcium-driven NO production that increases cilia beating and directly kills bacteria as discussed by the authors .