Ohio State University

About: Ohio State University is a education organization based out in Columbus, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 102421 authors who have published 222715 publications receiving 8373403 citations. The organization is also known as: Ohio State & The Ohio State University.

Bankruptcy and Corporate Governance: The Impact of Board Composition and Structure

Abstract: In this study, we examined the relationships among governance structures and corporate bankruptcy. A logistic regression analysis of bankrupt major corporations and a matched group of survivor firm...

Predator-Prey Interaction between Largemouth Bass and Bluegills as Influenced by Simulated, Submersed Vegetation

Abstract: Data from the literature suggest that predatory success declines as habitat complexity increases. To explain this phenomenon, we studied the predator-prey interaction between largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and bluegills Lepomis macrochirus in four laboratory pools (2.4–3.0 m diameter, 0.7 m deep), each with a different density (0, 50, 250, 1,000 stems/m2) of artificial plant stems. Behavior was quantified for both predator and prey during largemouth bass feeding bouts lasting 60 minutes. Predation success (number of captures) by largemouth bass was similar at 0 and 50 stems/m2, then declined to near zero at 250 and 1,000 stems/m2. As stem density increased, predator activity declined due to a decrease in behaviors associated with visual contact with prey. Reduced predation success by largemouth bass in habitats of increased complexity apparently is related to increases in visual barriers provided by plant stems as well as to adaptive changes in bluegill behavior.

A comprehensive risk quantification score for deceased donor kidneys: the kidney donor risk index.

Abstract: Background. We propose a continuous kidney donor risk index (KDRI) for deceased donor kidneys, combining donor and transplant variables to quantify graft failure risk. Methods. By using national data from 1995 to 2005, we analyzed 69,440 first-time, kidney-only, deceased donor adult transplants. Cox regression was used to model the risk of death or graft loss, based on donor and transplant factors, adjusting for recipient factors. The proposed KDRI includes 14 donor and transplant factors, each found to be independently associated with graft failure or death: donor age, race, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, serum creatinine, cerebrovascular cause of death, height, weight, donation after cardiac death, hepatitis C virus status, human leukocyte antigen-B and DR mismatch, cold ischemia time, and double or en bloc transplant. The KDRI reflects the rate of graft failure relative to that of a healthy 40-year-old donor. Results. Transplants of kidneys in the highest KDRI quintile (>1.45) had an adjusted 5-year graft survival of 63%, compared with 82% and 79% in the two lowest KDRI quintiles (<0.79 and 0.79-<0.96, respectively). There is a considerable overlap in the KDRI distribution by expanded and nonexpanded criteria donor classification. Conclusions. The graded impact of KDRI on graft outcome makes it a useful decision-making tool at the time of the deceased donor kidney offer.

Aviation Automation: The Search for A Human-centered Approach

Abstract: This volume offers eloquent and carefully reasoned arguments for a human-centered approach to the development and implementation of new technology in aviation. Part I is an overview of automation in aviation and explains both the application of automation and the concept of human-centered automation. Part II traces the evolution and course of aviation automation. This covers air traffic control and management, as well as aircraft automation. Part III discusses the role of human operators in the aviation system and human-machine integration in the future system. Part IV looks to the future; it expands on novel concepts and discusses requirements for aviation automation and its certification.