Ohio State University

About: Ohio State University is a education organization based out in Columbus, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 102421 authors who have published 222715 publications receiving 8373403 citations. The organization is also known as: Ohio State & The Ohio State University.

Time, Our Lost Dimension: Toward a New Theory of Perception, Attention, and Memory

Abstract: A theory of perception and attention that emphasizes the relational nature o{ perceptual invariants is developed within the context of auditory pattern research. The theory is divided into two parts. The first part, addresses world pattern structure; the second describes interaction of organisms with pattern structure. Tn the former, world patterns arc subjectively represented as nested relations within a multidimensional space defined by pilch, loudncss, and time. But dependency of these defining dimensions means that a pattern's lime scale determines the serial integrity of its pitch/loudness structure. Second, the theory proposes a time scale for living things that is manifest in graded perceptual rhythms. These rhythms can be synchronized to corresponding nested time zones within world pattern structure. Related assumptions about the deployment of physical energy across time zones and cognitive locations of perceptual rhythms lead to a simple, but general, attentional theory. Theoretical support, found in research with tone patterns, speech, and sequences of noise is died in a final section. Beyond this focal research, the theory offers a general framework for understanding diverse phenomena thai range from speech perception and aphasia to sleep, growth, and time eslimation.

Timing of peak bone mass in Caucasian females and its implication for the prevention of osteoporosis. Inference from a cross-sectional model.

Abstract: To determine the timing of peak bone mass and density, we conducted a cross-sectional study of bone mass measurements in 265 premenopausal Caucasian females, aged 8-50 yr Bone mass and bone mineral density were measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry and single-photon absorptiometry at the spine (anteroposterior, lateral), proximal femur, radius shaft, distal forearm, and the whole body Bone mass parameters were analyzed using a quadratic regression model and segmented regression models with quadratic-quadratic or quadratic-linear form The results show that most of the bone mass at multiple skeletal locations will be accumulated by late adolescence This is particularly notable for bone mineral density of the proximal femur and the vertebral body Bone mass of the other regions of interest is either no different in women between the age of 18 yr and the menopause or it is maximal in 50-yr-old women, indicating slow but permanent bone accumulation continuing at some sites up to the time of menopause This gain in bone mass in premenopausal adult women is probably the result of continuous periosteal expansion with age Since rapid skeletal mineral acquisition at all sites occurs relatively early in life, the exogenous factors which might optimize peak bone mass need to be more precisely identified and characterized

The GRASP Multiple Micro-UAV Testbed

Abstract: In the last five years, advances in materials, electronics, sensors, and batteries have fueled a growth in the development of microunmanned aerial vehicles (MAVs) that are between 0.1 and 0.5 m in length and 0.1-0.5 kg in mass [1]. A few groups have built and analyzed MAVs in the 10-cm range [2], [3]. One of the smallest MAV is the Picoftyer with a 60-mmpropellor diameter and a mass of 3.3 g [4]. Platforms in the 50-cm range are more prevalent with several groups having built and flown systems of this size [5]-[7]. In fact, there are severalcommercially available radiocontrolled (PvC) helicopters and research-grade helicopters in this size range [8].

Galaxy Clustering in the Completed SDSS Redshift Survey: The Dependence on Color and Luminosity

Abstract: We measure the luminosity and color dependence of galaxy clustering in the largest-ever galaxy redshift survey, the main galaxy sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Seventh Data Release (DR7). We focus on the projected correlation function wp(rp) of volume-limited samples, extracted from the parent sample of ∼ 700,000 galaxies over 8000 deg 2 , extending up to redshift of 0.25. We interpret our measurements using halo occupation distribution (HOD) modeling assuming aCDM cosmol- ogy (inflationary cold dark matter with a cosmological constant). The amplitude of wp(rp) grows slowly with luminosity for L L) × (�8/0.8) = 1.06 + 0.21(L/L∗) 1.12 , where L is the sample luminosity threshold. At fixed luminosity, redder galaxies exhibit a higher amplitude and steeper correlation function, a steady trend that runs through the "blue cloud" and "green valley" and continues across the "red sequence." The cross-correlation of red and blue galaxies is close to the geometric mean of their auto- correlations, dropping slightly below at rp 4L∗, but the lowest luminosity red galaxies (0.04−0.25L∗) show very strong clustering on small scales (rp < 2h −1 Mpc). Most of the observed trends can be naturally understood within theCDM+HOD framework. The growth of wp(rp) for higher luminosity galaxies reflects an overall shift in the mass scale of their host dark matter halos, in particular an increase in the minimum host halo mass Mmin. The mass at which a halo has, on average, one satellite galaxy brighter than L is M1 ≈ 17Mmin(L) over most of the luminosity range, with a smaller ratio above L∗. The growth and steepening of wp(rp) for redder galaxies reflects the increasing fraction of galaxies that are satellite systems in high mass halos instead of central systems in low mass halos, a trend that is especially marked at low luminosities. Our exten- sive measurements, provided in tabular form, will allow detailed tests of theoretical models of galaxy formation, a firm grounding of semi-empirical models of the galaxy population, and new constraints on cosmological parameters from combining real-space galaxy clustering with mass-sensitive statistics such as redshift-space distortions, cluster mass-to-light ratios, and galaxy-galaxy lensing. Subject headings: cosmology: observations — cosmology: theory — galaxies: distances and redshifts — galaxies: halos — galaxies: statistics — large-scale structure of universe

Uniparental inheritance of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes: mechanisms and evolution.

Abstract: In nearly all eukaryotes, at least some individuals inherit mitochondrial and chloroplast genes from only one parent. There is no single mechanism of uniparental inheritance: organelle gene inheritance is blocked by a variety of mechanisms and at different stages of reproduction in different species. Frequent changes in the pattern of organelle gene inheritance during evolution suggest that it is subject to varying selective pressures. Organelle genes often fail to recombine even when inherited biparentally; consequently, their inheritance is asexual. Sexual reproduction is apparently less important for genes in organelles than for nuclear genes, probably because there are fewer of them. As a result organelle sex can be lost because of selection for special reproductive features such as oogamy or because uniparental inheritance reduces the spread of cytoplasmic parasites and selfish organelle DNA.