Ohio State University

About: Ohio State University is a education organization based out in Columbus, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 102421 authors who have published 222715 publications receiving 8373403 citations. The organization is also known as: Ohio State & The Ohio State University.

Determination of jet energy calibration and transverse momentum resolution in CMS

Abstract: Measurements of the jet energy calibration and transverse momentum resolution in CMS are presented, performed with a data sample collected in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36pb−1. The transverse momentum balance in dijet and γ/Z+jets events is used to measure the jet energy response in the CMS detector, as well as the transverse momentum resolution. The results are presented for three different methods to reconstruct jets: a calorimeter-based approach, the ``Jet-Plus-Track'' approach, which improves the measurement of calorimeter jets by exploiting the associated tracks, and the ``Particle Flow'' approach, which attempts to reconstruct individually each particle in the event, prior to the jet clustering, based on information from all relevant subdetectors

Aliskiren, ALTITUDE, and the implications for ATMOSPHERE

Abstract: Blockade of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is a core therapeutic strategy in systolic heart failure.1 The value of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors was proven in two pivotal trials conducted >20 years ago. More recently, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have also been shown to be beneficial in systolic heart failure both as an alternative to and when added to an ACE inhibitor. Separately, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) reduce mortality and morbidity when added to an ACE inhibitor or ARB (MRAs are not considered further here). The latest approach to RAS blockade to be tested in clinical practice is renin inhibition. Currently the efficacy and safety of the renin inhibitor aliskiren is being tested in two clinical trials in heart failure, the Aliskiren Trial of Minimizing OutcomeS for Patients with HEart failure (ATMOSPHERE) and the Aliskiren Trial on Acute Heart Failure Outcomes (ASTRONAUT), described previously in this journal.2,3 However, on 20 December 2011, treatment in another study, the Aliskiren Trial In Type 2 Diabetes Using Cardio-Renal Disease Endpoints (ALTITUDE), was stopped on the recommendation of its Data Monitoring Committee (DMC).2,3 ALTITUDE was comparing placebo or aliskiren 300 mg once daily, added to background ACE inhibitor or ARB therapy in patients with diabetes and either (i) increased urinary albumin excretion or (ii) both a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR 30–60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and established cardiovascular disease. The primary outcome in ALTITUDE is a composite of cardiovascular death, resuscitated sudden death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, unplanned hospitalization for heart failure, end-stage renal disease, renal death, or doubling of baseline serum creatinine concentration, sustained for at least a month. As a result of the DMC recommendation, ALTITUDE is currently being closed out in an orderly fashion. The basis of the DMC recommendation was futility (i.e. no prospect of demonstrating the treatment benefit anticipated in the protocol) as well as safety concerns. These concerns included renal dysfunction, hyperkalaemia, and hypotension (which are unsurprising) as well as an excess of strokes. In the publically released information, the number of patients experiencing a non-fatal stroke in the placebo group was 85 (2.0%) and 112 (2.6%) in the aliskiren group (nominal, unadjusted, P-value 0.04).6 Although this unexpected finding has provoked concern and discussion, the reported numbers do not represent the final number of events in ALTITUDE (at the time of the DMC's recommendation it was estimated that approximately a third of events remained to be collected and adjudicated). Consequently, while the apparent imbalance in strokes may persist or increase, it may also attenuate. Furthermore, given all prior data relating use of antihypertensive therapy to a reduced incidence of stroke in patients with diabetes, it is also possible that the imbalance in strokes represents a chance finding.7–9 In response to these findings it has been recommended that dual aliskiren and ACE inhibitor/ARB therapy not be used in patients with both hypertension (the current indication for aliskiren) and diabetes or moderate to severe renal dysfunction (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2).10 This recommendation has led to questions about the use of dual aliskiren therapy in patients with diabetes in the ongoing ATMOSPHERE trial (and, to a lesser extent, also the ASTRONAUT trial which has almost finished recruitment and will complete follow-up this year). In ATMOSPHERE, patients with systolic heart failure and an elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal pro BNP ( NT-proBNP) concentration are randomized in equal proportions to receive either enalapril 10 mg twice daily, aliskiren 300 mg once daily, or the combination of both drugs.3 ATMOSPHERE is an event-driven trial with a primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization. We believe that the preliminary results of ALTITUDE should not lead to any alteration in the conduct of ATMOSPHERE. The reasons for taking this view are discussed in detail below.

Echo chambers online?: Politically motivated selective exposure among Internet news users

Abstract: A review of research suggests that the desire for opinion reinforcement may play a more important role in shaping individuals’ exposure to online political information than an aversion to opinion challenge. The article tests this idea using data collected via a webadministered behavior-tracking study with subjects recruited from the readership of 2 partisan online news sites (N = 727). The results demonstrate that opinion-reinforcing information promotes news story exposure while opinion-challenging information makes exposure only marginally less likely. The influence of both factors is modest, but opinionreinforcing information is a more important predictor. Having decided to view a news story, evidence of an aversion to opinion challenges disappears: There is no evidence that individuals abandon news stories that contain information with which they disagree. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.