Ohio State University

About: Ohio State University is a education organization based out in Columbus, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 102421 authors who have published 222715 publications receiving 8373403 citations. The organization is also known as: Ohio State & The Ohio State University.

Collective Teacher Efficacy: Its Meaning, Measure, and Impact on Student Achievement

Abstract: This article is a theoretical and empirical analysis of the construct of collective teacher efficacy. First, a model of collective efficacy was elaborated for use in schools. Then, an operational measure of collective teacher efficacy was developed, tested, and found to have strong reliability and reasonable validity. Finally, using the instrument to examine urban elementary schools in one large midwestern district, collective teacher efficacy was positively associated with differences between schools in student-level achievement in both reading and mathematics.

Is social capital declining in the united states? a multiple indicator assessment

Abstract: Despite a great deal of interest in a possible decline of social capital in the United States, scholars have not reached a consensus on the trend. This article improves upon previous research by providing a model of social capital that has explicit links to theories of social capital and that analyzes multiple indicators of social capital over a 20‐year period. The results do not consistently support Putnam's claim of a decline in social capital, showing instead some decline in a general measure of social capital, a decline in trust in individuals, no general decline in trust in institutions, and no decline in associations.

Risperidone in Children with Autism and Serious Behavioral Problems

Abstract: Background Atypical antipsychotic agents, which block postsynaptic dopamine and serotonin receptors, have advantages over traditional antipsychotic medications in the treatment of adults with schizophrenia and may be beneficial in children with autistic disorder who have serious behavioral disturbances. However, data on the safety and efficacy of atypical antipsychotic agents in children are limited. Methods We conducted a multisite, randomized, double-blind trial of risperidone as compared with placebo for the treatment of autistic disorder accompanied by severe tantrums, aggression, or self-injurious behavior in children 5 to 17 years old. The primary outcome measures were the score on the Irritability subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and the rating on the Clinical Global Impressions — Improvement (CGI-I) scale at eight weeks. Results A total of 101 children (82 boys and 19 girls; mean [±SD] age, 8.8±2.7 years) were randomly assigned to receive risperidone (49 children) or placebo (52). Treat...

C-Reactive Protein Elevation in Patients With Atrial Arrhythmias Inflammatory Mechanisms and Persistence of Atrial Fibrillation

Abstract: Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) may persist due to structural changes in the atria that are promoted by inflammation. C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, predicts cardiovascular events and stroke, a common sequela of AF. We hypothesized that CRP is elevated in patients with atrial arrhythmias. Methods and Results Using a case-control study design, CRP in 131 patients with atrial arrhythmias was compared with CRP in 71 control patients. Among arrhythmia patients, 6 had frequent atrial ectopy or tachycardia, 86 had paroxysmal AF, 39 had persistent AF lasting >30 days, and 70 had lone arrhythmias. CRP was higher in arrhythmia than in control patients (median, 0.21 versus 0.096 mg/dL; P<0.001). Arrhythmia patients in AF within 24 hours before sampling had higher CRP than those in sinus rhythm (0.30 versus 0.15 mg/dL; P<0.001). CRP in controls was not different than in patients with atrial ectopy or tachycardia. Lone arrhythmia patients had a CRP of 0.21 mg/dL, which was not signif...