Ohio State University

About: Ohio State University is a education organization based out in Columbus, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 102421 authors who have published 222715 publications receiving 8373403 citations. The organization is also known as: Ohio State & The Ohio State University.

A 160-kilobit molecular electronic memory patterned at 10 11 bits per square centimetre

Abstract: The primary metric for gauging progress in the various semiconductor integrated circuit technologies is the spacing, or pitch, between the most closely spaced wires within a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) circuit. Modern DRAM circuits have 140 nm pitch wires and a memory cell size of 0.0408 mum(2). Improving integrated circuit technology will require that these dimensions decrease over time. However, at present a large fraction of the patterning and materials requirements that we expect to need for the construction of new integrated circuit technologies in 2013 have 'no known solution'. Promising ingredients for advances in integrated circuit technology are nanowires, molecular electronics and defect-tolerant architectures, as demonstrated by reports of single devices and small circuits. Methods of extending these approaches to large-scale, high-density circuitry are largely undeveloped. Here we describe a 160,000-bit molecular electronic memory circuit, fabricated at a density of 10(11) bits cm(-2) (pitch 33 nm; memory cell size 0.0011 microm2), that is, roughly analogous to the dimensions of a DRAM circuit projected to be available by 2020. A monolayer of bistable, [2]rotaxane molecules served as the data storage elements. Although the circuit has large numbers of defects, those defects could be readily identified through electronic testing and isolated using software coding. The working bits were then configured to form a fully functional random access memory circuit for storing and retrieving information.

Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics in Nucleic Acids

Abstract: The scope of this review is the nature and dynamics of the singlet excited electronic states created in nucleic acids and their constituents by UV light. Interest in the UV photochemistry of nucleic acids has long been the motivation for photophysical studies of the excited states, because these states are at the beginning of the complex chain of events that culminates in photodamage. UV-induced damage to DNA has profound biological consequences, including photocarcinogenesis, a growing human health problem.1-3 Sunlight, which is essential for life on earth, contains significant amounts of harmful UV (λ < 400 nm) radiation. These solar UV photons constitute one of the most ubiquitous and potent environmental carcinogens. This extraterrestrial threat is impressive for its long history; photodamage is as old as life itself. The genomic information encoded by these biopolymers has been under photochemical attack for billions of years. It is not surprising then that the excited states of the nucleic acid bases (see Chart 1), the most important UV chromophores of nucleic acids, are highly stable to photochemical decay, perhaps as a result of selection pressure during a long period of molecular evolution. This photostability is due to remarkably rapid decay pathways for electronic energy, which are only now coming into focus through femtosecond laser spectroscopy. The recently completed map of the human genome and the ever-expanding crystallographic database of nucleic acid structures are two examples that illustrate the richly detailed information currently available about the static properties of nucleic acids. In contrast, much less is known about the dynamics of these macromolecules. This is particularly true of the dynamics of the excited states that play a critical role in DNA photodamage. Efforts to study nucleic acids by time-resolved spectroscopy have been stymied by the apparent lack of suitable fluorophores. In contrast, dynamical spectroscopy of proteins has flourished thanks to intrinsically fluorescent amino acids such as tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine.4 The primary UVabsorbing constituents of nucleic acids, the nucleic acid bases, have vanishingly small fluorescence quantum yields under physiological conditions of temperature and pH.5 In fact, the bases were frequently described as “nonfluorescent” in the early literature. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kohler@ chemistry.ohio-state.edu. Phone: (614) 688-3944. Fax: (614) 2921685. 1977 Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 1977−2019

Using Nonconscious Behavioral Mimicry to Create Affiliation and Rapport

Abstract: Nonconscious behavioral mimicry occurs when a person unwittingly imitates the behaviors of another person. This mimicry has been attributed to a direct link between perceiving a behavior and performing that same behavior. The current experiments explored whether having a goal to affiliate augments the tendency to mimic the behaviors of interaction partners. Experiment 1 demonstrated that having an affiliation goal increases nonconscious mimicry, and Experiment 2 further supported this proposition by demonstrating that people who have unsuccessfully attempted to affiliate in an interaction subsequently exhibit more mimicry than those who have not experienced such a failure. Results suggest that behavioral mimicry may be part of a person's repertoire of behaviors, used nonconsciously, when there is a desire to create rapport.

Vibration of shells

Abstract: The vibrational characteristics and mechanical properties of shell structures are discussed. The subjects presented are: (1) fundamental equations of thin shell theory, (2) characteristics of thin circular cylindrical shells, (3) complicating effects in circular cylindrical shells, (4) noncircular cylindrical shell properties, (5) characteristics of spherical shells, and (6) solution of three-dimensional equations of motion for cylinders.

Universal Dependencies v1: A Multilingual Treebank Collection

Abstract: Cross-linguistically consistent annotation is necessary for sound comparative evaluation and cross-lingual learning experiments. It is also useful for multilingual system development and comparative linguistic studies. Universal Dependencies is an open community effort to create cross-linguistically consistent treebank annotation for many languages within a dependency-based lexicalist framework. In this paper, we describe v1 of the universal guidelines, the underlying design principles, and the currently available treebanks for 33 languages.