Showing papers by "Oklahoma State University–Stillwater published in 1969"

Canonical Analysis of Relations between Socioeconomic Risk and Personal Influence in Purchase Decisions

Abstract: The socioeconomic evaluation of products by consumers generates information search. This article reports a study that investigates the relationship between the importance of personal influence as a...

Positivistic Measures of Aggregate Supply Elasticities: Some New Approaches

Abstract: Farmers have considerable latitude to substitute one commodity for another in production over a long period. Eventually, this should lead to adjustments among commodities until comparable resources are earning similar rates of return in production of each commodity. Public policies concerned with the earnings of all farm resources and total farm income must consider the aggregate response of farm output to changing economic conditions. The aggregate response of output to price depends on total resource adjustments in agriculture. Because farm resources are adjusted much more easily among farm commodities than between farm and nonfarm commodities, it follows that the aggregate supply response, which tends to determine total resource earnings in agriculture, is less than the supply response for individual commodities. Questions we attempt to answer in this paper include: What is the magnitude of the elasticity of U.S. farm output with respect to price in the long

Theory of Atomic Structure Including Electron Correlation. III. Calculations of Multiplet Oscillator Strengths and Comparisons with Experiments for CII, NI, NII, NIII, OII, OIII, OIV, FII, NeII, and NaIII

Abstract: The theory of atomic structure developed in the two preceding papers which treats electron correlation accurately in excited as well as ground states is applied to the evaluation of multiplet absorption oscillator strengths for a number of transitions of the type of $1{s}^{2}2{s}^{2}2{p}^{n}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1{s}^{2}2s2{p}^{n+1}$ in CII, NI, NII, NIII, OII, OIII, OIV, FII, NeII, and NaIII. Those types of correlation effects necessary to obtain accurate oscillator strengths are clearly indicated by the theory. The usual improvement on the Restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) calculation, the mixing of those few configurations nearly degenerate with the RHF configuration, is by itself incapable of bringing the oscillator strengths into agreement with experimental values. All the nondynamical correlation effects given in the first paper of this series must be considered. Very detailed wave functions which contain those important nondynamical correlations were obtained in that paper and here are used to compute oscillator strengths. The results are compared extensively with recent experiments. The calculated values are usually in very good agreement with experimental data. Many more transitions for which no experimental results are yet available are also tabulated here.

The frequency dependence of the Kerr effect for suspensions of rigid particles

Abstract: Measurements have been carried out in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 10 6 Hz of the Kerr effect for suspension of rigid particles in moderately conducting media. The measurements are for tobacco mosaic virus, bentonite, Baymal, and Avicel and are of the steady component and the magnitude and phase of the alternating component of the optical birefringence. By comparison of measurements with the theory for the Kerr effect for a suspension of rigid ellipsoidal particles it is possible to determine the rotary diffusion coefficient and the relative significance of permanent and induced electric dipole moment and to obtain information on the direction of the permanent moment with respect to the particle axis. Tobacco mosaic virus is found to possess a permanent moment which is not aligned with the particle axis. In the high-frequency region processes become evident which are not associated with permanent moment or rotary diffusion effects but are probably related to the frequency dependence of the induced moment.

Self-Actualization and Product Perception

Abstract: This article describes a method for determining the self-actualization scores of consumers and their relationship to product perceptions.

The effect of polyamines on cell culture cells

Abstract: Growth of KB cells was inhibited by both spermine and spermidine, but the inhibition is reduced in conditioned medium. The amount of spermine required for 50% inhibition of plating varied according to the type of serum used with medium 199 (calf, fetal bovine, and horse; 0.55, 0.9, and 24 μg/ml respectively). The spermine oxidase activity of the three sera was calf > horse > fetal bovine, which is not the same ordering as was obtained for the inhibition. When the concentration of sera in the media was varied, the inhibition decreased as calf and fetal bovine sera concentration increased, whereas, with horse serum, an increase in serum concentration increased the inhibition. The opposite effects of increasing concentrations of the sera on the inhibition suggest that at least two factors are involved in the inhibition. A scheme which involves three factors (spermine oxidase, another enzyme and its activator) is postulated to account for the inhibitions and reversals observed. Spermine oxidase alone cannot account for the action of polyamine on cells.

Peripheral Plasma Progesterone Levels During the Ovine Estrous Cycle

Abstract: Plasma progesterone levels were determined daily for approximately 26 days in 7 cyclic ewes. Circulating progesterone concentration was lowest on day 2 (0.1 ng/ml) with a small increase through day 5 (0.4 ng/ml). Progesterone levels rose from 0.6 ng/ml on day 6 to 1.1 ng on day 9; an abrupt rise was observed on day 10 (2.4 ng/ml) and was maintained through day 16. Progesterone concentration.declined sharply on day 17 to 0.6 ng/ml; this was followed by the occurrence of estrus within 24 hr. Considerable day-to-day variation of progesterone concentration was noted, particularly during the period of peak luteal function. (Endocrinology 85: 11, 1969)

Characterization and Role of an Endogenous Inhibitor in the Induction of Cold Hardiness in Acer negundo

Abstract: An inhibitor extracted from short day treated Acer negundo leaves was compared to abscisic acid in 4 different solvent systems. The chromatographic properties of abscisic acid and the inhibitor were in very close agreement. Treatment of Acer negundo plants under non-hardening preconditions (long days) with either the inhibitor or abscisic acid increased hardiness after a hardening period of 3 weeks at 40 degrees . A gibberellin-inhibitor relationship was further studied by making comparison of extracts of plants subjected to either 4 weeks of long days, long days + 5 degrees nights, or short days. These tests indicated that gibberellin-like activity was greatest when the treatment included long days. Abscisic acid-like levels were highest when the treatments consisted of short days or long days + 5 degrees nights. Since the latter groups are the most capable of developing hardiness, the hardening process appears to be more closely related to a build-up of abscisic acid levels than a reduction of gibberellin levels.

Feline attractant, cis,trans-nepetalactone: metabolism in the domestic cat.

Abstract: cis,trans-Nepetalactone, the biologically active component of catnip, was force-fed to the domestic cat. When the (14)C-labeled compound was fed, 86 to 94 percent of the radioactivity was recovered in the urine, 1 to 2 percent was found in the feces, and 1 to 12 percent was collected as carbon dioxide. The major (50 to 75 percent) metabolite was alpha-nepetalinic acid, which was excreted in the urine together with small amounts of dihydronepetalactone, unchanged cis,-trans-nepetalactone, and several unidentified compounds. No marked physiological or histological eflects were observed when 20 to 80 milligrams of cis, trans-nepetalactone was administered orally. This is the first report on the metabolism of a mammalian attractant.

Visual and speech imagery.

Abstract: Undergraduate subjects processed the alphabet in one of three conditions: Visual Imagery (VI), in which subjects were instructed to visualize letters appearing one at a time, as on a movie screen; Speech Imagery (SI) in which subjects were instructed to say letters implicitly or silently; and a control condition Speech Explicit (SE) in which letters were said aloud. Conditions SE and SI produced virtually identical processing times (about 6·5 letters/sec.) while VI was much slower (about 2·5 letters/sec.). No consistent practice effects were observed over trials. In addition, each subject subjectively localized (in his head) the origin of the letter processing. Some notable differences were obtained, with the VI group indicating a more frontal localization than the others. It is suggested that imagery may follow different laws in different modalities.

Effect of high substrate concentration and cell feedback on kinetic behavior of heterogeneous populations in completely mixed systems

Abstract: Growth kinetics of heterogeneous populations of sewage origin were studied in completely mixed reactors of the once-through type at a high concentration of incoming substrate, 3000 mg/l glucose, and in systems employing cell feedback or sludge recycle at an incoming substrate concentration of 1000 mg/1 glucose. The recycle flow rate employed was 25% of the incoming feed flow, and the concentration of cells in the recycle was maintained as closely as possible at 150% of the cell concentration in the reactor. Studies were made at various dilution rates. Throughout these studies, batch experiments using cells grown at the various dilution rates were made to determine ks and μm values. As in previous studios using heterogeneous populations, the relationship between specific growth rates μ and substrate concentration S was represented better by the Monod equation than by any other which was tested. The growth “constants” μm, ks, and Y were found to fall in the same general range as those determined in previous studies in once-through systems operated at 1000 mg/l glucose. It was observed that cell recycle, even at the relatively low concentration factor employed in these studies, greatly enhanced the flocculating and settling characteristics of the cells.

Theories Explaining the Persistence of Low Resource Returns in a Growing Farm Economy

Abstract: Low rates of return (defined as earnings below opportunity costs) on farm resources have long been considered a major farm problem and one justification for government commodity programs. This paper first analyzes influences (such as economic growth, inflation, and technology) that generate disequilibrium and low returns. But the major issue analyzed is why farm disequilibrium persists after an extended period of full national employment, a strong national economy, an expansion of the aggregate farm plant, and a slow growth of farm productivity in the 1960's. The fixed resource theory, the increasing returns to size theory, and the imperfect competition theory are examined to explain persistence and permanency of disequilibrium and low returns. The fixed resource theory explains low returns as a labor fixity problem and suggests that the problem is either nonexistent or temporary. The increasing returns to size theory points to an extended duration for the low returns problem as long as the large majority of farms continue to operate on uneconomic size units. Finally, the imperfect competition theory depicts low returns as virtually permanent, given the economic structures of the farm and nonfarm sectors.

Canine filariasis on Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands.

Abstract: A canine filariasis survey was made on Okinawa. Of 557 stray dogs examined 23% were found infected with Dipetalonema reconditum Grassi, 1 dog (0.17%) was infected with Dirofilaria immitis Leidy, and 1 dog was infected with both D. immitis and D. reconditum. Dog ectoparasites were examined and developing forms of D. reconditum were found in Heterodoxus spiniger Enderlein, Ctenocephalides canis Curtis, Ctenocephalides felis Bouche, Pulex irritans Linne, and Linognathus setosus Olfers. Other data relevant to the incidence of D. reconditum , recovery of adult worms, occurrence of dog ectoparasites, incidence of infection in ectoparasites and illustrations of developing filarial forms are given.

Confidence Regions for Variance Ratios of Random Models

Abstract: There appears to be no standard method of constructing confidence regions for the variance components and ratios of a random or mixed model; however, with regard to point estimation and tests of hypotheses the analysis of variance has become somewhat routine. This study derives confidence regions by using the AOV mean squares with Kimball's result. These confidence regions are conservative, that is, the actual confidence level cannot be less than any pre-set value and are polygonal and easy to construct. They determine simultaneous confidence intervals for the variance ratios, but these intervals (one-sided) have the defect that the end-point may be negative, a property similar to that of the AOV estimators of variance components. Confidence regions are demonstrated for the two-way classification and three-stage nested model and a numerical example is included.

Diterpenoid Alkaloids as Plant Growth Inhibitors

Abstract: WE report here preliminary studies on the plant growth inhibitory activity of two diterpenoid alkaloids isolated from the common larkspur, Delphinium ajacis. Little is known about the possible metabolic or physiological action on plants of either terpenoids or alkaloids. The diterpenoid alkaloids are an unusual group of “secondary metabolites” produced by plants; they can be derived biogenetically from an isoprenoid pathway which in the early stages is probably similar to that used in gibberellic acid biosynthesis, because the stereochemistry of the A/B ring junction between the two groups of compounds is the same (and antipodal to that of most naturally occurring steroids)1. Delcosine, a diterpenoid alkaloid of the lycoctonine type, and ajaconine, a diterpenoid alkaloid of the atisine type skeleton and an unknown alkaloid with a molecular weight of 467 designated as LBA-III, were isolated from D. ajacis seeds2. Their effect on plant growth was measured by a new method designed for testing water insoluble substances available in limited amounts. The test is based on the ability of auxins to induce cambial growth.

Host-parasite relations of certain endoparasitic helminths of the channel catfish and white crappie in an Oklahoma reservoir.

Abstract: Fifteen identified species and 13 genera, of endoparasitic helminths (Digenea, Eucestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala) were collected from 207 white crappie and 189 channel catfish June, 1967, through September 1968, from a 3,300-acre, turbid reservoir in northcentral Oklahoma. Differences in the prevalence and intensity of helminths from six reservoir collection sites were not statistically significant. Statistically significant differences in intensity and prevalence of certain helminth were found among different age classes of the hosts. Ontogenetic changes in the food habits of channel catfish, from a diet of invertebrates to fish, were apparently the reason for changes in the occurrence of many enteric helminths. The occurrence of some helminths, however, was independent of age. Changes relating to age in the crappie were limited to the occurrence of Posthodiplostomum minimum where multiple generations of metacercariae accumulate in older fish. These metacercariae occurred in significantly higher number...

Configuration Interaction in the Simple Valence‐Bond Wavefunction for the Potential‐Energy Surfaces of Sigma‐Bonded Four‐Center Exchange‐Reaction Complexes

Abstract: The two closed‐shell and nine open‐shell symmetry‐adapted MO electron configurations contained in the simple nonionic VB wavefunction for H4 in the limit of 2H2 with D2h symmetry and in a D4h complex are identified and their coefficients are obtained in terms of overlap integrals. Numerical comparison of the configuration coefficients obtained from the nonionic VB wavefunction with those obtained by the full CI calculation of Wilson and Goddard show that the ionic contribution to the D4h H4 complex of side 2.54a0 is small in the ground state but significant in the upper state. The implications of a VB or CI treatment of four‐center potential‐energy surfaces regarding a recent extension of the Woodward–Hoffmann rules (conservation of orbital symmetry) to the reactions H2 + D2→2HD and H2 + I2→2HI are discussed.

Mass spectrometry of five classes of trityl compounds-loss of 12C from (C6H5)313CH

Abstract: The mass spectra of 25 triphenylmethyl (trityl) substituted compounds have been recorded. The trityl cation m/e 243 appears as a peak of major intensity for all classes of compounds examined; these contained trityl-carbon, trityl-nitrogen, trityl-oxygen or trityl-sulfur bonds. Fragmentation of the non-trityl portion of the molecules produced simple ions whose origin was predictable or of low intensity. A mechanism for the decay of the trityl cation is presented which is based upon retention of the α-carbon. Supporting evidence was afforded by mass spectral analysis of (C6H5)313CH in which all fragments from the trityl cation appear to retain nearly all of the 13C.