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Showing papers by "Oklahoma State University–Stillwater published in 1980"


Book
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: Loop theorem-sphere theorem: The Tower Construction Connected sums 2-manifolds embedded in 3-dimensional manifolds Hierarchies Threemanifold groups Seifert fibered manifolds Peripheral structure Essential homotopies.
Abstract: Loop theorem-sphere theorem: The Tower Construction Connected sums 2-manifolds embedded in 3-manifolds Hierarchies Three-manifold groups Seifert fibered manifolds Peripheral structure Essential homotopies (the annulus-torus theorems) Characteristic Seifert pairs Deforming homotopy equivalences Bibliography Index.

744 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental study of the flow field and acoustic properties of a low Reynolds number M = 0.9 jet has been performed in a low pressure anechoic test chamber.

236 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of colostrum intake on the concentration of immunoglobulin and showed that the amount of total ǫ −globulin or IgG ingested per unit of body weight soon after birth is the most important factor determining concentration of these in serum.

194 citations


Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical description of energy transfer in solids is given, and the importance of separating the migration process and the trapping process is stressed, as well as the influence of dimensionality on energy migration.
Abstract: This chapter starts with a theoretical description of energy transfer in solids. First we consider single-step energy transfer and later multistep energy migration. The importance of separating the migration process and the trapping process is stressed. Experimental methods are also reviewed. Finally a large number of materials is treated. First those with strongly temperature-dependent energy migration are considered (tungstates, vanadates, Ce3+, Pb3+). Second, compounds with weak or no temperature dependence of the energy migration are reviewed (compounds of the transition metal and trivalent lanthanide ions and hexavalent uranium). It turns out that energy migration in nearly all of these systems is only qualitatively, and not quantitatively understood. Suggestions to improve this situation are given. These relate also to the influence of dimensionality on energy migration.

104 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the instability of three Mach numbers 1.4, 2.1, and 2.5 supersonic jets in the Reynolds number range around 8000 was analyzed.
Abstract: The objective of the present research was to characterize the instability of supersonic jets of Mach numbers 1.4, 2.1, and 2.5 in the Reynolds number range around 8000. In this Reynolds number range the jet instability has its maximum coherence so that its properties as well as the acoustic properties can be most clearly identified. Growth rate, wavelength, and wave orientation of dominant spectral components of the instability for the three Mach number jets were measured in order to characterize the instability. The saturation and subsequent decay on the instability are coincident with a drastic decrease in the coherence of the instability. Associated research shows that the phenomenon of rapid growth and decay is of fundamental importance in the noise generation process.

93 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1980-Metrika
TL;DR: In this article, a two-stage procedure has been proposed for constructing a fixed width confidence interval for the mean when the variance is unknown, which has all the properties of Stein's two stage procedure, and at the same time it is "asymptotically efficient".
Abstract: For a normal distribution, a two-stage procedure has been proposed for constructing a fixed width confidence interval for the mean when the variance is unknown. It has all the properties ofStein's two-stage procedure, and at the same time it is “asymptotically efficient”. We have also discussed the non-normal case as inChow/Robbins [1965].

87 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two experiments were conducted to test the generality of the door-in-the-face compliance technique from non-business to business contexts, and the results indicated that the compliance-gaining procedure gene gene...
Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to test the generality of the door-in-the-face compliance technique from nonbusiness to business contexts. Results indicate that the compliance-gaining procedure gene...

86 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, normal-gamma distributions are employed as prior distributions for the regression parameters of the model and, as a result, the posterior distribution of regression parameters are mixtures of t distributions.
Abstract: This paper is a generalization of earlier studies by Ferreira (1975) and Holbert and Broemeling (1977), who used improper prior distributions in order to make informal Bayesian inferences for the shift point and other parameters of a changing linear model. In this study, normal-gamma distributions are employed as prior distributions for the regression parameters of the model and, as a result, the posterior distribution of the regression parameters are mixtures of t distributions, while a mixture of gamma distributions is the posterior distribution of the precision parameter. Point and interval estimators of the regression parameters and the residual precision are based on the appropriate marginal and conditional posterior distributions and are illustrated with data generated from a known model.

83 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although soil erosion has been a recognized problem in the United States since the 1930s, recent soil losses have generated additional concern as mentioned in this paper, which has been prompted by reports that soil erosion losses are increasing, thus intensifying air and water pollution problems and reducing the productivity potential of cropland.
Abstract: Although soil erosion has been a recognized problem in the United States since the 1930s, recent soil losses have generated additional concern. This concern has been prompted by reports that soil erosion losses are increasing, thus intensifying air and water pollution problems and reducing the productivity potential of cropland. These reports accompany evidence that suggests further productivity increases from fertilizers, seed technologies, energy, and pesticides are uncertain (Crosson). These productivity trends, coupled with irreversible losses of agricultural land to urban and other uses and the possibility of increased demands for U.S. agricultural products, make the issue of conserving soil quality increasingly important.

79 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The average heritability estimates of pulling ability and cutting ability are .25 and .04, respectively, and the heritability estimate of best time for the pacer is .23.
Abstract: Criteria used to measure performance, environmental factors that influence performance and estimates of heritability are needed to estimate genetic differences. Published heritability estimates of various measures of performance in the horse are summarized. The average heritability estimates of pulling ability and cutting ability are .25 and .04, respectively. Heritability estimates are .18, .19 and .17 for log of earnings from jumping, 3-day event and dressage performance, respectively. Heritability estimates of performance rates, log of earnings, earnings, handicap weight, best handicap weight, time and best time for the Thoroughbred are .55, .49, .09, .49, .33, .15 and .23, respectively. Heritability estimates of log of earnings, earnings, time and best time for the trotter are .41, .20, .32, and .25, respectively. The heritability estimate of best time for the pacer is .23. The effectiveness of selection will depend on which performance trait is to be improved.

79 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the identification and mapping of 12 surface cover types within Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, including seven classes of coniferous tree species, has been accomplished through the use of LANDSAT digital data.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The strain of L. acidophilus of calf origin was more effective as a dietary adjunct in the calf than was the strain of human origin.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a variety of tests are conducted to determine whether replacement cost disclosures as mandated by the Securities and Exchange Commission's Accounting Series Release 190 provided information to capital market agents.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Aqueous extracts of leaves, stems, and roots ofCoffea arabica significantly inhibited the seed germination and radicle growth of rye grass, lettuce, and fescue as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The aqueous extracts of leaves, stems, and roots ofCoffea arabica significantly inhibited the seed germination and radicle growth of rye grass, lettuce, and fescue. When the extracts were diluted to 1% solution, significant suppression of lettuce growth was still found and was particularly pronounced in the extract of young seedlings. The paper chromato-gram of the ether fraction of an aqueous extract of coffee leaves was bioassayed with lettuce seeds and revealed a remarkable inhibition throughout the chromatogram except for the segment ofRf 0.00–0.12. Paper without spotting extract was used as a standard. The phytotoxins present in coffee tissue were identified by paper and thin-layer chro-matography and mass spectrometry. The compounds include caffeine, theobromine, theophylline, paraxanthine, scopoletin, and chlorogenic, ferulic,p-coumaric,p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, and vanillic acids. All compounds except caffeic acid exhibited significant phytotoxicity to lettuce growth at a concentration of 100 ppm.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Phosphate release under non-sterile conditions exceeded the release observed under sterile conditions in all systems regardless of whether they were anaerobic, aerobic, mixed or static, and mixing enhanced phosphorus release under all the conditions investigated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although catalytic methods continue their dominance in the number of methods published, a noticeable decrease in the use of inhibition and activation of catalytic systems has been observed in the past 2 years.
Abstract: The organizational structure of previous reviews has been, basically, retained in the preparation of this report. The papers reviewed have been selected from those that appeared since November 1983 and were received for the authors' consideration through approximately November 15, 1985. Although catalytic methods continue their dominance in the number of methods published, a noticeable decrease in the use of inhibition and activation of catalytic systems has been observed in the past 2 years. Worth noting also is the increased use of electrochemical techniques in general and in flow systems in particular. Differential procedures have shown an increase in the number of papers dedicated to them in the past 2 years. 323 references, 2 tables.

Book
12 Oct 1980

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a wide selection of infrared absorption spectra of opaque samples is presented to show the versatility of Fourier-transformed infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy, and a method for correcting these spectra for incident radiant power variations with respect to wavelength is also demonstrated.
Abstract: A wide selection of infrared absorption spectra of opaque samples is presented to show the versatility of Fourier-transformed infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy. A method for correcting these spectra for incident radiant power variations with respect to wavelength is also demonstrated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The American economy performs like an auto engine whose radiator is choked with lime deposits as mentioned in this paper, and the public is convinced the economy is capable of better performance, but there is no concensus about how to restore it.
Abstract: The American economy performs like an auto engine whose radiator is choked with lime deposits. Some time ago, it was discovered that adding generous amounts of tap water to the radiator permitted high power output without overheating. As the years went by, however, lime deposited in the radiator by the tap water reduced cooling capacity-tap water had to be added continuously for adequate engine performance even under normal loads on level highways. Deposits finally built to the point where nearly all agree that something has to be done to restore power to this basically sound, but occluded, engine. One recommendation is to use a high pressure radiator cap for increasing engine performance without continually adding water. But the concern is that something will burst under the pressure. Another recommendation is to remove the radiator and cook out the lime deposits. The drawback is protracted engine downtime. These are basically the dilemmas and options facing macroeconomic policy today. Performance of the economy as apparent in high inflation and unemployment rates, in slow real growth, and in a weak dollar in international exchange has reached crisis proportions. Economists and the public are convinced the economy is capable of better performance, but there is no concensus about how to restore

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence has been obtained that luciferase has a different conformation in Tricine buffer; this would explain the Tricines stimulation of light production.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Huang-Rhys factor of 14.7 is estimated for the polarized fluorescence band at 3.0 eV which can be produced by photoexcitation of the 6.1-eV $F$ band in high-purity $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathm{O}}_{3}$ has been studied over the temperature range 4.4-300 K.
Abstract: The polarized fluorescence band at 3.0 eV which can be produced by photoexcitation of the 6.1-eV $F$ band in high-purity $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ has been studied over the temperature range 4.4-300 K. The centroid and zeroth moment of the band remain relatively constant with increasing temperature, but the half-width follows a hyperbolic cotangent relation with an effective frequency of 345 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. A Huang-Rhys factor of 14.7 is estimated for the band. After pulse excitation at 4.4 K the fluorescence decays following a curve which can be analyzed as the sum of two exponentials with lifetimes of 24 and 160 ms, respectively. Both the lifetime and the intensity of each component are temperature dependent between 15 and 40 K. Above 50 K the intensity decays following a single exponential with a lifetime of 34 ms. A schematic electronic structure is suggested for the $F$ center, which is consistent with the experimental results and the expected nature of the center.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the optical absorption, emission, and excitation spectra of Pr3+ and Er3+ ions in LiYF4 have been measured and energy level schemes established which agree with previous work.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Alterations in the morphology of beef longissimus dorsi, psoas major, semitendinosus, and supraspinatus muscles induced by electrical stimulation were studied and it was found that mechanisms other than the prevention of cold shortening bring about tenderization of the resultant meat.
Abstract: Alterations in the morphology of beef longissimus dorsi, psoas major, semitendinosus, and supraspinatus muscles induced by electrical stimulation were studied at the light and electron microscopic levels. Samples of control and electrically stimulated muscles were removed from the carcass at 0.5-, l-, 6-, and 24-hr postmortem, processed, and embedded in plastic. Changes induced by electrical stimulation were compared with those in normal autolysis in control muscle. Light microscopic examination revealed contraction bands and intracellular edema in the stimulated muscle samples while the control showed no sign of morphological change. At the electron microscopic level, electrical stimulation caused specific structural changes in the muscles. Swollen sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and T-tubules were observed in the stimulated muscle samples. In addition, contraction banding, intracellular edema, disintegration of the myofibril, and other morphological deviations were also observed. These data are in agreement with published work that mechanisms other than the prevention of cold shortening bring about tenderization of the resultant meat. This was partially explained by the accelerated autolysis seen in stimulated striated muscles and was an active rather than passive effect as proposed by cold shortening alone.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured wall pressure fluctuations under a turbulent boundary layer on the fuselage of a sailplane and found that the irrotational motions in the turbulent region are primarily responsible for the large-scale wall-pressure fluctuations.
Abstract: Measurements were made of wall pressure fluctuations under a turbulent boundary layer on the fuselage of a sailplane. Experiments with the sailplane offered a noise-free flow with a low free-stream turbulence level. In this environment the wall-pressure spectrum of a turbulent boundary layer with natural transition was found to drop off at low frequencies. Correlations between several wall-mounted microphones revealed that the large-scale motions contribute about 35% to the mean square pressure. Velocity fluctuations at several positions within and outside the boundary layer were measured and correlated with the wall pressure. It seems that the irrotational motions in the turbulent region are primarily responsible for the large-scale wall-pressure fluctuations. A time-lagged conditional correlation of the pressure was introduced to gain further insight into the pressure-producing motions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, two new approaches for describing the dynamics of energy transfer in solids have been developed and are described in terms of propagator expansion and Born approximation in the interaction strength.
Abstract: Two new approaches for describing the dynamics of energy transfer in solids have been developed and are described here. The first is a method for treating the case in which weak direct sensitizer-activator interaction acts as a small perturbation on energy transfer by diffusion among sensitizers. A technique involving a propagator expansion and the Born approximation in the interaction strength is used to solve this problem. The second approach is a Monte Carlo technique to simulate the migration of energy on a random distribution of sensitizers. The predictions of both these models are compared to experimental results and to the predictions of other theoretical models. In their regions of validity they predict significantly different results than those of the models commonly used. The models developed here are applicable to many important materials such as those used for rare-earth lasers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: During periods of peak populations, blood loss from tabanids was calculated as over 200 cc/animal/day based on the number of specimens engorging and each species has a preferred site for landing and biting which limited inter-, and intraspecific interaction.
Abstract: The blood meal size of the following tabanids was determined: Chrysops callidus Osten Sacken, 22.8 mg; Hybomitra lasiophthalma (Macquart), 82.8 mg; Tabanus abactor Philip, 147.4 mg; T. atratus L., 681.8 mg; T. equalis Hine, 186.6 mg; T. mularis Stone, 56.9 mg; T. subsimilis Bellardi, 65.6 mg; and T. sulcifrons Macquart, 367.4 mg. During periods of peak populations, blood loss from tabanids was calculated as over 200 cc/animal/day based on the number of specimens engorging. Each species has a preferred site for landing and biting which limited inter-, and intraspecific interaction.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the application of the newly developed technique of photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy, using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, to the measurement of the infrared spectra of single slabs of various coal types is described.
Abstract: The application of the newly developed technique of photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy, using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, to the measurement of the infrared spectra of single slabs of various coal types is described. The effects of aging of coal surfaces, which include both oxidation and abrasion, are clearly apparent in a comparison of the spectra of freshly cleaved and aged coal surfaces.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The accommodation response is discussed in relationship to both an attention-sharing and an involuntary autonomic response model and a long-term instability in the open-loop method of obtaining the dark focus was observed.
Abstract: The direction and magnitude of the human visual accommodation response during concurrent mental activity are investigated. Subject focusing responses to targets at distances of 0.0 D, 3.0 D and an indeterminate distance were monitored by means of an optometer during the performance of a backwards counting task and a visual imagery task (thinking near and thinking far). In both experiments a shift in accommodation towards the visual far point is observed particularly for the near target, which increases with the duration of the task. The results can be interpreted in terms of both the capacity model of Kahneman (1973) and the autonomic arousal model of Hess and Polt (1964), and are not inconsistent with the possibility of an intermediate resting position.

Journal ArticleDOI
12 Jun 1980-Nature
TL;DR: A procedure for isolating the branched microvilli of a rat mammary tumour is developed and it is shown that they contain significant quantities of α-actinin.
Abstract: Microvilli, slender projections approximately 01 µm in diameter which occur on the surfaces of many cell types1, are bounded by plasma membrane except at the site of attachment to the cell body and contain microfilament bundle cores The presence of both microfilaments and plasma membrane suggests the use of microvilli for investigations of membrane cytoskeleton interactions Immunofluorescence studies with anti-α-actinin2 have suggested that α-actinin is concentrated at the tips of intestinal brush border microvilli and might link actin microfilaments and the plasma membrane3 However, this idea was disputed by later immunofluorescence4–7 and electrophoresis7 studies To investigate the components and organization of microvilli from a less highly differentiated cell type, we have used an ascites sub-line (MAT-Cl) of a rat mammary tumour, the 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma, whose microvilli are highly branched8,9 Because such unusual structures may provide an understanding of cell-surface assemblies important in determining cell morphology, we have developed a procedure for isolating the branched microvilli and have shown that they contain significant quantities of α-actinin