Showing papers by "Oklahoma State University–Stillwater published in 1982"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the flow and acoustic properties of a jet at Reynolds number of 70,000 at Mach 2.1 with pitot tubes and hot-wire anemometry.
Abstract: Flow and acoustic properties of a jet at Reynolds number of 70,000 were studied at Mach 2.1. Measurements in a free jet test facility were made with pitot tubes and hot-wire anemometry. Center-line Mach number distributions for natural and excited jets were obtained. A slow initial growth rate was in the potential core region of the jet, indicating a transition from laminar to turbulent flow in moderate Reynolds number jets. The transition occurred within the first 2-3 diameters. Spectral components were calculated for the fluctuating flowfield, and sound pressure levels were measured for the overall near-field noise. The centroid of noise was located about 8 nozzle diameters downstream. The growth rates of instabilities were determined to be in agreement with linear stability theory predictions over a broad frequency range.
305 citations
TL;DR: Algae-clay aggregates were formed when algal and clay suspensions were mixed in the presence of an electrolyte and have many practical and ecological implications for bodies of water.
Abstract: Algae-clay aggregates were formed when algal and clay suspensions were mixed in the presence of an electrolyte. The maximum ratio of clay to algae in the aggregates was 1.7, 0.2, and 0.03 milligrams of clay per milligram of algae (wet weight) for Anabaena, Chlamydomonas, and Chlorella sp., respectively. The aggregates formed at Ca 2+ concentrations higher than 5 x 10 –4 M or Na + concentrations higher than 2 x 10 –2 . The mutualf flocculation and subsequent sedimentation have many practical and ecological implications for bodies of water.
233 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of four grand strategies on the relative importance of seven organizational functions and the moderating effects of type of production system and perceived environmental uncertainty were studied in the context of organizational functions.
Abstract: The impact of four grand strategies on the relative importance of seven organizational functions and the moderating effects of type of production system and perceived environmental uncertainty were...
215 citations
TL;DR: Although nature has designed proteins to perform specific roles in situ, they can display multifunctional properties by appropriate manipulations and processing treatments in different food systems.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that the unique features of connective and skeletal tissues are their diversity and morphological character. Morphologically, connective tissue consists of fibrous proteins, ground substance, and cells. Before 1970, all vertebrate collagens were regarded as a simple class of molecules composed of two α1chains and one α2 chain, with only minor heterogeneity in composition between species. Collagen, a glycoprotein, is the longest of all protein molecules and is composed of tropocollagen monomers which are 300 nm long and 1.5 nm in diameter. The chapter discusses that twenty or twenty-one different amino acids are known to be present in different collagen types. The synthesis of a protein in living cells involves placing the amino acids in the proper sequence, determined by the genetic code, and linking them together by α peptide linkages. The macromolecular components of collagen are synthesized in large part at a ribosomal-messenger RNA complex within the cytoplasm of a family of mesenchymal cells, which include fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts. Proteins have no parallel in their structural and textural versatilities. The chapter discusses that although nature has designed proteins to perform specific roles in situ, they can display multifunctional properties by appropriate manipulations and processing treatments in different food systems. Animal skins contain the bulk deposit of collagen, thus, byproducts of the tannery can be utilized in the commercial production of edible fibrous collagen.
194 citations
TL;DR: It is found that differences in color polymorphisms covary significantly with differences in predator densities and in altitudes, suggesting that malecolor polymorphisms track clinally distributed communities of visually hunting predators.
190 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two critical assumptions were tested and the incremental methodology was applied in a warmwater stream in southeast Oklahoma, and the relation between standing stock and usable habitat (weighted usable area) was investigated for these species as well as for adult and juvenile smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieui.
Abstract: Application of the “incremental methodology” is limited in many situations because quantitative information on microhabitat preferences of fishes is scarce, and because few field tests of the validity of the assumptions have been conducted. In this study, two critical assumptions were tested and the incremental methodology was applied in a warmwater stream in southeast Oklahoma. Habitat-suitability curves were developed for the freckled madtom Noturus nocturnus, the central stoneroller Campostoma anomalum, and the orangebelly darter Etheostoma radiosum. The assumption that depth, velocity, and substrate are perceived independently in the selection of microhabitats by these fishes was tested. The relation between standing stock and usable habitat (weighted usable area) was then investigated for these species as well as for adult and juvenile smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieui. Fish population estimates were made quarterly over 2 years at four study sites concurrent with estimates of weighted us...
185 citations
TL;DR: Tail removal from dominant juvenile Uta stansburiana resulted in a decrease in social status in dyadic encounters and dominant lizards lost status after removal of one-third of their tails but regained dominance after the other member of the pair lost two-thirds of its tail.
Abstract: Tail removal from dominant juvenile Uta stansburiana resulted in a decrease in social status in dyadic encounters. Most lizards were affected after removal of two-thirds of their tails. In some pairs, dominant lizards lost status after removal of one-third of their tails but regained dominance after the other member of the pair lost two-thirds of its tail. Tail loss in nature may impose a social handicap to successful home range acquisition and thereby increase risk of death.
140 citations
TL;DR: It is reported that inhibition and/or growth is also related to the source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy present in the growth medium and this observation of selective toxicity in the presence of different nutrients was also observed using nonanoic acid.
122 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the reduction of polycrystalline cupric oxide (CuO) and cuprous oxide (cu2O) by UV irradiation and by atomic hydrogen was investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or ESCA.
117 citations
TL;DR: The results showed that both grand strategy and industry type moderated the relationship between functional importance and company performance.
Abstract: Summary '/he iiteralurc siigi;csts that the appropriate '.(imbinutions ofjuitcnunal iniporiunee {i.e.. ihroui^h resource allocations, tvpc oj aitintie.^) for iii^h lenis of eoinpan\ pcrfornutncc are affected hv ihe tvpe of ^rand stratef^v pursued hv the firm ami tiie ftrms industrv tvpe. These rciationships wen c.xanvned for 93 industrial firms. Data on functional importance, iirand stratef(v. and industrv tvpe were obtained from tot) e.\ccutircs wliilc financial data were colledcd from tiie Compustat data fdes. The results showed that hath <;rand .slratet^v and industry type moderated the relationship bet ween. June! ional unportance and company perftnniance. These relationships were aiso examined for eueii grand strategy by industry tvpe ci'i lit proitde data for further research. CONCHPTL'AL FRAMEWORK Many researchers have concluded that desired levels of performance cannot be achie\'ed if organizations fail to respond effectively to relevant environmental demands (e.g.. Emery and Trist, 1965; Lawrence and Lorsch, 1967; Thompson. 1967; .•Xckerman. 1975; Dill, 1976; Pfefler and Salancik. 1978; Ansolf. 1979; Porter, 1980). Since environmental demands vary across organizations, dilTerent tirms may have to emphasize the development ofdilTerent mixes (or combinations) of key functional areas. The underlying as.sumption of this research is that a firm's internal and e.xternal environmental conditions determine the particular tunctional areas which will be relatively more crucial tor successtui itnplenientation of a chosen grand strategy and hence for company performance. Each group of these major functional areas [from among those of general administration (GENA), production/operations (PROD), engineering and R&D (ERD), marketing (VIKT). finance (FIN), personnel (PER), and public and governmental relations (PGR)] constitutes what has been previously called a "functional importance mix' (Hitt, Ireland, and Palia, in press). The "functional impot"tance mix' is a surrogate for the t'unctional structure of the firm In addition. pre\ious evidence suggests that the type of grand strategy' pursued by a firm and the firm's industry type tnoderate the relationship between the importance placed on functional areas and company performance. The nature of these
106 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship of acculturation to the variables of attitudes toward women, sex-role attribution, sex role behaviors, and demographics in Hispanic women, and found that women in Mexico are more likely to identify with men than women.
Abstract: The present study investigated the relationship of acculturation to the variables of attitudes toward women, sex-role attribution, sex-role behaviors, and demographics in Hispanic women. First, Mex...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that there is little or no support for the direct benefits motive underlying charitable contributions and that indirect benefits and Kantian motives are implied by the data.
Abstract: The direct benefits motive underlying charitable contributions has been extensively used as the dominant assumption in charity literature. Indded, it is theoretically simpler to assume independent rather than interdependent utility functions. This study does not justify exclusive assumption of direct benefits motive in theoretical or empirical analysis. Both indirect benefits and Kantian motives are implied by this study. While a clear cut dominance of one motive is not indicated in these results (and not surprising due to the cross-section, aggregate state data used), there is little or no support for the direct benefits motive. The existence of indirect and Kantian motives are indicated by the data. Future research into charitable behavior should take note of these findings, either to develop methodologies able to unambiguously discuss the motives, or to incorporate and provide more than simple acknowledgement of indirect benefits and Kantian motives.
TL;DR: In conclusion, the in vivo antidotal properties of oxygen cannot be attributed to oxygen-mediated reactivation of cyanide-inhibited cytochrome oxidase or an oxygen- mediated acceleration of rhodanese detoxification.
TL;DR: The historical development and folklore of smokeless tobacco since the time of Columbus is traced.
Abstract: Snuff dipping and tobacco chewing are known to adversely affect oral soft and hard tissues. This article traces the historical development and folklore of smokeless tobacco since the time of Columbus.
TL;DR: In this paper, the rate of advance of the water front in furrows has been mathematically modeled using a zero-inertia approach, in which the surface water hydraulics are simplified by neglecting accelerations.
Abstract: The rate of advance of the water front in furrows has been mathematically modeled using a zero-inertia approach, in which the surface water hydraulics are simplified by neglecting accelerations. Power curve relationships are used to relate both the flow depth and wetted perimeter to the cross-sectional flow area. Infiltration is described with the modified Kostiakov equation, which has a constant term that accounts for a soil's basic intake rate. Field evaluations from three Colorado farms were used in testing the model. It was shown that the zero-inertia model can effectively simulate the hydraulics of the advance phase of furrow irrigation.
TL;DR: The particle size distribution of copolymers of styrene, chloromethylstyrene, and divinylbenzene prepared with gelatin and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) as suspension stabilizers can be varied widely by variation of the relative amounts of monomer and aqueous phases, the stirring speed, and the amount of added anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
Abstract: The particle size distribution of suspension copolymers of styrene, chloromethylstyrene, and divinylbenzene prepared with gelatin and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) as suspension stabilizers can be varied widely by variation of the relative amounts of monomer and aqueous phases, the stirring speed, and the amount of added anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
TL;DR: The results and discussions documented in this paper should be helpful in the planning and incorporation of wind-electric systems as a component in the generation mixes of the utility systems of the future.
TL;DR: In this paper, a negative relationship between stress and perceived organizational effectiveness was found, suggesting that the type of stress moderates the stress and effectiveness relationship, and the level of dysfunctional stress provided a better explanation of variations in effectiveness levels than total stress levels.
Abstract: Several studies have found an inverted U-shaped relationship between stress and performance levels for individuals. The present study determined whether such a relationship exists between stress and the perceived effectiveness of formal organization groups. Analysis of data from four firms provided no support for the existence of such a relationship. Instead, a negative relationship between stress and perceived organizational effectiveness was found. The results suggest that the type of stress moderates the stress and effectiveness relationship. Dysfunctional stress was the dominant type of stress in all four firms. Further, the level of dysfunctional stress provided a better explanation of variations in effectiveness levels than total stress levels.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed numerical computations for a basic two-dimensional axisymmetrical flow field similar to that found in a conventional gas turbine combustor, using neutrally-buoyant helium-filled soap bubbles as tracer particles.
Abstract: The paper reports research restricted to steady turbulence flow in axisymmetric geometries under low speed and nonreacting conditions. Numerical computations are performed for a basic two-dimensional axisymmetrical flow field similar to that found in a conventional gas turbine combustor. Calculations include a stairstep boundary representation of the expansion flow, a conventional k-epsilon turbulence model and realistic accomodation of swirl effects. A preliminary evaluation of the accuracy of computed flowfields is accomplished by comparisons with flow visualizations using neutrally-buoyant helium-filled soap bubbles as tracer particles. Comparisons of calculated results show good agreement, and it is found that a problem in swirling flows is the accuracy with which the sizes and shapes of the recirculation zones may be predicted, which may be attributed to the quality of the turbulence model.
TL;DR: The notion of incompressible surface was introduced by W. Haken and the power of this hypothesis was exhibited in the work of F. Waldhausen as mentioned in this paper, who showed that most Dehn surgeries on the figure-eight knot in S result in orientable, irreducible 3-manifolds that are not sufficiently-large and not Seifert fibred.
Abstract: For the past two decades a large part of the research in the topology of 3-manifolds has been done under the hypothesis that the manifolds are sufficiently-large, that is, they contain properly embedded, incompressible surfaces. The notion of incompressible surface was introduced by W. Haken and the power of this hypothesis was exhibited in the work of F. Waldhausen. Until recently, the only known examples of orientable, irreducible 3-manifolds that are not sufficiently-large were certain 'small' Seifert fibred spaces; the only ones with infinite fundamental group are discussed by Waldhausen in [5]. However, W. Thurston discovered that most Dehn surgeries on the 'figure-eight' knot in S result in orientable, irreducible 3-manifolds that are not sufficiently-large and not Seifert fibred. These new manifolds have infinite fundamental group (in fact, they are hyperbolic). This work has been extended by Hatcher and Thurston to all 2-bridge knots in S [3]. The idea is quite straightforward; namely, if M is obtained from M by doing Dehn surgery along a simple closed curve k in M and M contains an orientable, incompressible surface, then the bounded manifold M' = M — u{k), where u(k) is an open tubular neighbourhood of k, contains a properly-embedded, orientable, incompressible and boundary-incompressible surface. The problem is, therefore, to understand the incompressible and boundaryincompressible surfaces in M'. This problem is, in its own right, extremely important to the understanding of the structure of 3-manifolds.
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: In this paper, six flowfield configurations with sidewall angles of 90 and 45 degrees and swirl vane angles of 0, 45, and 70 degrees were investigated with five-hole pitot probe pressure measurements.
Abstract: Six flowfield configurations are investigated with sidewall angles of 90 and 45 deg, and swirl vane angles of 0, 45, and 70 deg. It is found that central recirculation zones occur for the swirling flow cases investigated, which extend from the inlet to x/D = 1.7, where x is the axial polar coordinate, and D is the test section diameter. Five-hole pitot probe pressure measurements are used to determine time-mean velocities, and corresponding flow situations are predicted and compared to results of experimental data. Excellent agreement is found for the nonswirling flow, although poor agreement is found for swirling flow cases, especially near the inlet. The discrepancy is attributed to the lack of realism in the turbulence model, and/or to inaccurate specification of time-mean velocity and turbulence energy distributions at the inlet.
TL;DR: High school and college students loneliness was negatively related to social facility, regularity, approval, and involvement and positively related to alienation, parental disinterest, negative school attitudes, and inferiority feelings.
Abstract: Predictors of adolescent loneliness were investigated in two samples of high school students (n=92)and college undergraduates (n=192).Results were similar across samples. Among the high school sample loneliness was significantly predicted by a combination of alienation, a lack of social facility and acceptance, inferiority feelings, negative school attitudes, and a lack of social integration. Among college students loneliness was negatively related to social facility, regularity, approval, and involvement and positively related to alienation, parental disinterest, negative school attitudes, and inferiority feelings.
TL;DR: In this paper, a panel study of 1156 intact families, time allocation to housework and employment by husbands and wives follows a traditional pattern, with wives spending most time in household chores and husbands spending most in employment, and cross-lag analysis is used to examine the relationship between wife's labor force time allocation and husband's housework time.
Abstract: The allocation of time is recognized as a major economic consideration for families. Analysis of longitudinal data on time use offers a fruitful method for examining change and/or stability in roles of husbands and wives. In this panel study of 1156 intact families, time allocation to housework and employment by husbands and wives follows a traditional pattern, with wives spending most time in housework and husbands spending most time in employment. Cross-lag analysis is used to examine the relationship between wife's labor force time allocation and husband's housework time. Basic patterns of time allocation predominate over the 6 years, with wife's employment time having very little impact on husband's housework time. Implications for families and for social policy are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the optical properties of irradiated RbMgF 3 :Eu 2+ and KMgF3 : Eu 2 + have been investigated and two new emission bands are observed at 600 and 800 nm.
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the mechanisms of tick excretion and the physiological aspects of salivation in ticks and suggests that the tubular portion of the organ is concerned with the recapture of metabolically useful substances, including some ions.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the mechanisms of tick excretion. It also discusses the physiological aspects of salivation in ticks. The existence of a pore on the first coxal joint in argasid ticks from which a fluid is excreted during feeding or as a result of mild trauma, has been recognized at least since the turn of the century. For much of that time, the functional significance of the coxal organ associated with that pore was a matter of speculation. The coxal tubule is composed of two distinct cell types—a cuboidal to somewhat flattened cell with relatively long microvilli and a large nucleus and a more columnar cell with a small nucleus and short microvilli. The cuboidal cells are found in the proximal segment of the coxal tubule, relative to its junction with the filtration membrane, and the columnar cells form the distal segment. The coxal fluid of several argasid ticks is less concentrated than the hemolymph, at least with regard to chloride. As ultrafiltration is non-selective with regard to small molecules, it is likely that the tubular portion of the organ is concerned with the recapture of metabolically useful substances, including some ions.
TL;DR: A Pulse Radiolytic Study of Hydrogen Transfer from Glutathione to Organic Radicals and its Applications in Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine.
Abstract: (1982). Pulse Radiolytic Study of Hydrogen Transfer from Glutathione to Organic Radicals. International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine: Vol. 41, No. 6, pp. 595-602.
TL;DR: Dielectric susceptibility measurements for the mixed crystal were reported in the frequency range of $20 \mathrm{Hz}lfl80 \Mathrm{kHz} as mentioned in this paper, where an anomaly was found at temperatures far below that where neutron and Brillouin studies find mode softening.
Abstract: Dielectric susceptibility measurements for the mixed crystal ${(\mathrm{KBr})}_{050}$ ${(\mathrm{KCN})}_{050}$ are reported in the frequency range $20 \mathrm{Hz}lfl80 \mathrm{kHz}$ An anomaly is found at temperatures far below that where neutron and Brillouin studies find mode softening The results are interpreted in terms of a possible dipole-glass phase that has been recently proposed for this system
TL;DR: In this paper, the benthic foraminifer Quinqueloculina impressa Reuss, was buried in various types of sediment in order to assess its capability for producing sediment disturbances and thus, ichnofossils.
Abstract: The benthic foraminifer Quinqueloculina impressa Reuss, was buried in various types of sediment in order to assess its capability for producing sediment disturbances and thus, ichnofossils. Silts and silty-clays showed distinct burrows; fine sands did not. Two types of burrows were produced: fairly straight, vertical burrows from 4 cm below the water-sediment interface to within 1 cm of the sediment surface, and a horizontal and vertical maze-like burrow system in the top centimetre of the sediment. Individuals moving on the sediment surface also produced visible trails. When the sediments were dried the burrows were always destroyed; in some cases the surface trails were preserved. We propose that the vertical burrows are escape structures and that the horizontal and vertical maze-like structures are living burrows.
Ichnofossils similar to the escape structures and surface structures have been described. Presence of these ichnofossils indicates a low energy sedimentary environment and a lack of macrofaunal bioturbation. The presence of escape structures may indicate a pulsatory pattern of sedimentation.