Showing papers by "Oklahoma State University–Stillwater published in 1996"
TL;DR: This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics, using data from previous editions.
12,798 citations
TL;DR: The Structure and Function of Running Waters (SFL) as discussed by the authors is a seminal work in the field of stream ecology, focusing on stream ecology and its relationship with running water. [2]
Abstract: (1996). Stream Ecology: Structure and Function of Running Waters. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society: Vol. 125, No. 1, pp. 154-158.
1,047 citations
TL;DR: Internal consistency estimates using Cronbach's alpha revealed coefficients of .86 for dyadic sexual desire and .96 for solitary sexual desire, providing preliminary evidence for the reliability of the SDI.
Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to develop a self-administered questionnaire to measure sexual desire. In the development phase, items were generated and pilot-tested with 24 suljects. Based on these data, items were deleted, added, or modijied. Next, in Study One, the Sexual Desire Inventmy (SDO was administered to 197 females and 11 7 males. Factor analyses revealed that the SDI was multifactm'al; however, none of the generated factor solutions up to jive factors yielded a good Jit. Interpetation of the factors led to revisions of the SDI. It was hypothesized that sexual desire might consist of two related dimensions: dyadic sexual desire and solitary sexual desire. Items on the SDI were modijied to measure these two dimensions, and the revised SDI was administered to 249 females and 131 males. Factor analysis supported the presence of these two dimensions. Internal consistency estimates using Cronbach's alpha revealed coeflcients of -86 for dyadic sexual desire and .96 for solita9 sexual...
563 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the challenges faced by charities in soliciting adequate resources to carry out their mission, as well as the challenges they face in finding adequate resources for their work.
Abstract: Charitable organizations play a vital role in our society, as is evidenced by their enormous economic and social impact. Yet, for many of them, soliciting adequate resources to carry out their mand...
477 citations
TL;DR: Results from the breeding program indicate that recurrent restricted phenotypic selection could lead to development of new cultivars, and research has indicated that seed dormancy can be modified, resulting in increased seed germination and a greater number of switchgrass plants.
419 citations
TL;DR: The dynamic balance between acquired resistance and tick modulation of host immunity affects engorgement and pathogen transmission and is essential for rational development of antitick vaccines.
Abstract: The tick-host-pathogen interface is characterized by complex immunological interactions. Tick feeding induces host immune regulatory and effector pathways involving antibodies, complement, antigen-presenting cells, T lymphocytes, and other bioactive molecules. Acquired resistance impairs tick engorgement, ova production, and viability. Tick countermeasures to host defenses reduce T-lymphocyte proliferation, elaboration of the TH1 cytokines interleukin-2 and interferon-γ, production of macrophage cytokines interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor, and antibody responses. The dynamic balance between acquired resistance and tick modulation of host immunity affects engorgement and pathogen transmission. A thorough understanding of acquired immunity to ticks is essential for rational development of antitick vaccines.
354 citations
TL;DR: A review of the literature on revictimization in women can be found in this article, where the authors outline the theoretical positions that have been formulated to account for revictimation in women, examine the literature available concerning revictIMization both in the form of adult sexual and physical assault, and consider the impact of revicts on women's later adjustment.
320 citations
Proceedings Article•
03 Dec 1996TL;DR: The problem of assigning m points in the n-dimensional real space Rn to k clusters is formulated as that of determining k centers in Rn such that the sum of distances of each point to the nearest center is minimized.
Abstract: The problem of assigning m points in the n-dimensional real space Rn to k clusters is formulated as that of determining k centers in Rn such that the sum of distances of each point to the nearest center is minimized. If a polyhedral distance is used, the problem can be formulated as that of minimizing a piecewise-linear concave function on a polyhedral set which is shown to be equivalent to a bilinear program: minimizing a bilinear function on a polyhedral set. A fast finite k-Median Algorithm consisting of solving few linear programs in closed form leads to a stationary point of the bilinear program. Computational testing on a number of real-world databases was carried out. On the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) database, k-Median training set correctness was comparable to that of the k-Mean Algorithm, however its testing set correctness was better. Additionally, on the Wisconsin Prognostic Breast Cancer (WPBC) database, distinct and clinically important survival curves were extracted by the k-Median Algorithm, whereas the k-Mean Algorithm failed to obtain such distinct survival curves for the same database.
289 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show how enhanced gauge symmetry in type II string theory compactified on a Calabi-Yau threefold arises from singularities in the geometry of the target space, and reproduce this result from an analysis of the S-dual D-manifold.
284 citations
TL;DR: Recent developments have shown that metabolic pathways can be transferred from one organism to another and proteins can be modified to gain conformational stability, suggesting that naturally occurring systems can be custom engineered to the situation in the fermentation tank.
Abstract: Xylan is the main carbohydrate found in the hemicellulosic fraction of plant tissues and accounts for one third of all renewable organic carbon available on earth. Xylanase, the major component of an enzymatic consortium, acts in nature by depolymerizing xylan molecules into monomeric pentosan units that are used by bacterial and fungal populations as a primary carbon source. Xylanase producers have been isolated from all ecological niches where plant material is deposited, and microorganisms often contain multiple loci encoding overlapping xylanolytic functions. The numerical excess of genes and the extensive sharing of structural features within beta-glycanase families suggests that extensive gene duplication and conversion events have occurred during xylanase evolution. Hydrolysis of beta-glycosidic linkages is sponsored by a general acid catalytic reaction common to all glycanases, whereas substrate recognition is specified by subsites that interact with adjacent glycosyl units. Under natural conditions xylanases are inducible by the products of their own action and subject to carbon catabolite repression. Bleaching paper pulps with xylanases is the first successful commercial application for these enzymes. The recovery of cellulosic textile fibers is the next logical application and bioconversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals, remains the ultimate target. Recent developments have shown that metabolic pathways can be transferred from one organism to another and proteins can be modified to gain conformational stability, suggesting that naturally occurring systems can be custom engineered to the situation in the fermentation tank. Thus, biotechnologies developed to transform biomass into marketable products that gradually substitute materials derived from non-renewable resources are becoming commercially worthwhile.
260 citations
TL;DR: The results of this highly selective photothermal impact on the tumor tissue did suggest that this method be applied repeatedly to be more effective and be used as the precursor of other modalities, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and surgery.
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TL;DR: In this article, a local geometric description of how charged matter arises in type IIA, Mtheory, or F-theory compactifications on Calabi-Yau manifolds is provided.
Abstract: We provide a local geometric description of how charged matter arises in type IIA, M-theory, or F-theory compactifications on Calabi-Yau manifolds. The basic idea is to deform a higher singularity into a lower one through Cartan deformations which vary over space. The results agree with expectations based on string dualities.
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of manufacturers was undertaken to examine the adoption of logistics process innovation, and a typology of innovation was created on innovation cost and radicalness, which revealed that size and environmental uncertainty directly predict expensive, radical but not low-cost, incremental innovation.
TL;DR: It is found that a nation's urban population percentage increases with GDP per capita; industrialization; export orientation; and possibly, foreign assistance, and it decreases with the importance of agriculture.
TL;DR: 40 Brangus calves from embryos cloned by a nuclear transfer technique were delivered by caesarean section during naturally initiated parturition to maximize survival rates when life-threatening physiologic abnormalities were recognized.
TL;DR: Microinjection experiments in mesophyll cells of tobacco suggest that actin filaments may participate in the regulation of plasmodesmal transport by controlling the permeability ofplasmodesmata.
Abstract: Summary
The role of actin filaments in regulating plasmodesmal transport has been studied by microinjection experiments in mesophyll cells of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun). When fluorescent dextrans of various molecular sizes were each co-injected with specific actin filament perturbants cytochalasin D (CD) or profilin into these cells, dextrans up to 20 kilodalton (kDa) moved from the injected cell into surrounding cells within 3–5 min. In contrast, when such dextrans were injected alone or co-injected with phalloidin into the mesophyll cells, they remained in the injected cells. Phalloidin co-injection slowed down or even inhibited CD- or profilin-elicited dextran cell-to-cell movement. Dextrans of 40 kDa or larger were unable to move out of the injected cell in the presence of CD or profilin. These data suggest that actin filaments may participate in the regulation of plasmodesmal transport by controlling the permeability of plasmodesmata.
TL;DR: The data suggest that both L. acidophilus and calcium can enhance the reduction of serum cholesterol in pigs that had been fed a high cholesterol diet, probably through alteration in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids.
TL;DR: It is concluded that low amounts of IGFBP-2 and increased thecal binding sites for hCG/LH appear to be related to establishment of the dominant follicle during the first follicular wave in cattle exhibiting regular estrous cycles during late lactation.
Abstract: Objectives of this study were to determine if concentrations of steroids, insulin-like growth factor -1 (IGF-I), and IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) in follicular fluid and numbers of LH and IGF-I receptors change during growth of the dominant follicle. Ovarian follicular development was monitored daily via ultrasound in lactating Holstein cows. Animals underwent bilateral ovariectomy when the dominant follicle was first identified (days 4-6; estrus = day 0; early; n = 5) or when it stopped growing (days 8-12; late; n = 81. All follicles were classified as dominant (DF), large (LG; 2 6 mm in diameter, excluding DF) or small (SM; 0.10) among follicle classes, but both were greater (P 0.10) between early and late cows but were greater (P < 0.10) in SM than DF or LG follicles. We conclude that low amounts of IGFBP-2 and increased thecal binding sites for hCG/LH appear to be related to establishment of the dominant follicle during the first follicular wave in cattle exhibiting regular estrous cycles during late lactation.
TL;DR: Although the usage of streptomycin in clinical medicine and animal husbandry has diminished, the persistence of strA‐strB in bacterial populations implies that factors other than direct antibiotic selection are involved in maintenance of these genes.
Abstract: Gene transfer within bacterial communities has been recognized as a major contributor in the recent evolution of antibiotic resistance on a global scale. The linked strA-strB genes, which encode streptomycin-inactivating enzymes, are distributed worldwide and confer streptomycin resistance in at least 17 genera of gram-negative bacteria. Nucleotide sequence analyses suggest that strA-strB have been recently disseminated. In bacterial isolates from humans and animals, strA-strB are often linked with the sulII sulfonamide-resistance gene and are encoded on broad-host-range nonconjugative plasmids. In bacterial isolates from plants, strA-strB are encoded on the Tn3-type transposon Tn5393 which is generally borne on conjugative plasmids. The wide distribution of the strA-strB genes in the environment suggests that gene transfer events between human, animal, and plant-associated bacteria have occurred. Although the usage of streptomycin in clinical medicine and animal husbandry has diminished, the persistence of strA-strB in bacterial populations implies that factors other than direct antibiotic selection are involved in maintenance of these genes.
TL;DR: The viability was investigated of five strains of L. acidophilus and one strain of Lactobacillus casei that were added as adjuncts to yogurt and cultured buttermilk during 28 d of refrigerated storage at 5 to 7 degrees C.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present formulations and solution procedures for handling multiple newsboy-type products under two cases: (A) one resource-capacity constraint; and (B) multiple resource constraints.
TL;DR: Residual strain induced by the mismatch of lattice constants and thermal expansion between GaN epitaxial layers and substrates was found to have a strong influence in determining the energies of excitonic transitions.
Abstract: We present the results of experimental studies of the strain effects on the excitonic transitions in GaN epitaxial layers on sapphire and SiC substrates, with the emphasis on the determination of deformation potentials for wurtzite GaN Photoluminescence and reflectance spectroscopies were performed to measure the energy positions of exciton transitions and x-ray-diffraction measurements were conducted to examine the lattice parameters of GaN epitaxial layers grown on different substrates Residual strain induced by the mismatch of lattice constants and thermal expansion between GaN epitaxial layers and substrates was found to have a strong influence in determining the energies of excitonic transitions The overall effects of the strain generated in GaN is compressive for GaN grown on sapphire and tensile for GaN on SiC substrate The uniaxial and hydrostatic deformation potentials of wurtzite GaN were derived from the experimental results Our results yield the uniaxial deformation potentials ${\mathbf{b}}_{1}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}-53 eV and ${\mathbf{b}}_{2}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}27 eV, as well as the hydrostatic components ${\mathbf{a}}_{1}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}-65 eV and ${\mathbf{a}}_{2}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}-118 eV \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society
TL;DR: In this paper, Bragg diffraction from amorphous poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) films was detected spectrophotometrically as narrow peaks of low percent transmission of visible light normal to the film plane.
Abstract: Composites of ordered colloidal crystals of amorphous monodisperse silica particles in amorphous poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) films selectively Bragg diffract visible light. The 153 nm diameter colloidal silica particles coated with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate form colloidal crystals in methyl acrylate (MA) monomer, and the crystal order is locked into place by polymerization of the MA. Bragg diffraction from the films is detected spectrophotometrically as narrow peaks of low percent transmission of visible light normal to the film plane. The diffraction wavelength is tuned by varying the d spacing of the crystal lattice and by varying the Bragg angle. Variation in the lattice spacing is achieved via the particle size or particle concentration, uniaxial stretching of the composite, and swelling the composite with monomers such as styrene or MA followed by photopolymerization of the imbibed monomers. Films that diffract from 434 to 632 nm have been prepared.
TL;DR: In this paper, a silica−poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite was prepared by condensation polymerization of a 2 nm shell of the silane coupling agent 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacelate (TPM) on the surface of 10.5 nm diameter sol−gel colloidal silica particles followed by free-radical polymerization.
Abstract: A silica−poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite was prepared by condensation polymerization of a 2 nm shell of the silane coupling agent 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TPM) on the surface of 10.5 nm diameter sol−gel colloidal silica particles followed by free-radical polymerization of a 50 wt % dispersion of the TPM−silica in methyl methacrylate. Cross-polarization combined with magic angle spinning and high-power decoupling (CP/MAS) and single-pulse 29Si NMR spectra together with quasi-adiabatic cross-polarization (QACP) 13C NMR spectra provided quantitative analyses of the structural components of the parent silica, the TPM−silica, and the composite. The parent silica contained one ethoxy group and eleven hydroxy groups per ten silicon atoms. The TPM−silica contained one residual methoxy group per TPM group and no residual hydroxy groups. Polymerization with MMA consumed 85% of the methacrylate groups of the TPM. Time constants T1ρH for proton spin−lattice relaxation in the rotating frame d...
TL;DR: Working adults participating in moderate amounts of these activities have about half the rate of perceived stress as nonparticipants, and employees who expended more than 3.0 Kcal/kg−1 · day−1 in physical activity during leisure time were 0.78 and 0.62 times less likely to have moderate and high perceived stress, respectively.
Abstract: This study investigated the relationship between physical activity during leisure time and perceived stress among working adults (N = 32,229). Data were gathered on physical activity, perceived stress, current health status, age, gender, life changes, ongoing problems, number of techniques used for stress reduction, and number of personality traits related to Type A behavior. To control for confounding variables Mantel-Haenszel summary risk estimates were used. Employees who expended more than 3.0 Kcal/kg(-1) . day(-1) in physical activity during leisure time were 0.78 and 0.62 times less likely to have moderate and high perceived stress, respectively. Working adults participating in moderate amounts of these activities have about half the rate of perceived stress as nonparticipants.
TL;DR: Ticks secrete saliva containing extremely high concentrations of PGs into the host, and in this article Alan Bowman, Jack Dillwith and John Sauer provide a synopsis of the information, to date, on the presence, synthesis and proposed roles for these tick salivary PGs.
TL;DR: The ability to culture A. marginale continuously for the 1st time in a tick cell line derived from the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, using infected bovine blood as the inoculum removes a major impediment to the study of Anaplasma biology in vitro, and will enhance development of vaccines and diagnostic tests.
Abstract: Anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne rickettsia that causes bovine anaplasmosis worldwide. Despite its importance, A. marginale has thus far not been established in a continuous culture system. We have propagated A. marginale continuously for the 1st time in a tick cell line derived from the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, using infected bovine blood as the inoculum. Erythrocytic stages invaded the tick cells and multiplied in membrane-lined vacuoles to form colonies typical of those observed in naturally infected ticks as demonstrated by light and electron microscopy. The rickettsiae have been passaged serially for 3 yr and have been cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Antigens present in A. marginale from tick cell culture were recognized by bovine immune serum against the blood stages of A. marginale. A. marginale grown in this tick cell line was infective for calves, and male ticks fed on the calves transmitted A. marginale to a susceptible calf. The ability to culture A. marginale removes a major impediment to the study of Anaplasma biology in vitro, and will enhance development of vaccines and diagnostic tests.
TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted to determine the cost of producing and transporting switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) biomass to an ethanol-conversion facility.
Abstract: Three important public policy problems—dependence upon imported oil, environmental degradation and the cost of cropland diversion—may be addressed by using cropland to produce biomass for conversion to liquid fuels. This study was conducted to determine the cost of producing and transporting switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) biomass to an ethanol-conversion facility. Enterprise budgeting was used to estimate the cost of establishing, maintaining and harvesting switchgrass for a vertically integrated production system. The cost to deliver one dry Mg of switchgrass biomass to a conversion facility was estimated to be $37.08. Approximately 14% of the cost is for establishment, 22% for land, 32% for annual stand maintenance and harvesting, and 32% for loading and transportation.
TL;DR: These data primarily represented self-selected white workers and may not apply to all employees, however, if high stress relates to absenteeism, these data may provide valuable information for program design in stress management.
Abstract: Purpose. To investigate the association between perceived stress and illness-related work absenteeism. Design. A standardized health profile questionnaire developed by Johnson & Johnson Advanced Behavioral Technologies, Inc., was used to collect demographic and personal health data between June 1988 and January 1993. Chi-square, odds ratio, and stepwise regression tests were used to analyze perceived stress and self-reported absenteeism data. Setting. Worksite health promotion programs in 250 U.S. companies. Subjects. Subjects consisted of 79,070 employees. Measures. Stress data, grouped as low, moderate, and high, were correlated with absenteeism data grouped by annual days missed (None, 1 to 2, 3 to 4, and 5+). Results. Significant relationships were found (p ≤ .05) between high stress and absenteeism for both genders. Female workers reported higher stress levels and absenteeism than men. Those with high stress were 2.22 more likely to be absent 5+ days per year than those with low stress. Work...