Showing papers by "Oklahoma State University–Stillwater published in 1998"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed and discussed four paradigms of multilevel cross-level research in organizational science: incremental, group variables add incremental prediction to individual level outcomes over and above individual level predictors, mediational, and mediational.
1,686 citations
TL;DR: The entire genome of Arabidopsis thaliana is scheduled to be sequenced by the end of the year 2000, and reaching this milestone should enhance the value ofArabidopsis as a model for plant biology and the analysis of complex organisms in general.
Abstract: Arabidopsis thaliana is a small plant in the mustard family that has become the model system of choice for research in plant biology. Significant advances in understanding plant growth and development have been made by focusing on the molecular genetics of this simple angiosperm. The 120-megabase genome of Arabidopsis is organized into five chromosomes and contains an estimated 20,000 genes. More than 30 megabases of annotated genomic sequence has already been deposited in GenBank by a consortium of laboratories in Europe, Japan, and the United States. The entire genome is scheduled to be sequenced by the end of the year 2000. Reaching this milestone should enhance the value of Arabidopsis as a model for plant biology and the analysis of complex organisms in general.
615 citations
TL;DR: This article describes the development and refinement of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FPQ), which exists in its most current form as the FPQ-III, which consists of Severe Pain, Minor Pain, and Medical Pain subscales.
Abstract: Fear and/or anxiety about pain is a useful construct, in both theoretical and clinical terms. This article describes the development and refinement of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FPQ), which exists in its most current form as the FPQ-III. Factor analytic refinement resulted in a 30-item FPQ-III which consists of Severe Pain, Minor Pain, and Medical Pain subscales. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the FPQ-III were found to be good. Four studies are presented, including normative data for samples of inpatient chronic pain patients, general medical outpatients, and unselected undergraduates. High fear of pain individuals had greater avoidance/escape from a pain-relevant Behavioral Avoidance Test with Video, relative to their low fear counterparts, suggesting predictive validity. Chronic pain patients reported the greatest fear of severe pain. Directions for future research with the FPQ-III are discussed, along with general comments about the relation of fear and anxiety to pain.
510 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the neutral-donor bound excitons were observed in the form of rotator states analogous to rotational states of the ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ molecule.
Abstract: Neutral-donor--bound-exciton transitions have been observed in ZnO. The isolated neutral donors are made up of defect pair complexes. The neutral-donor nature of these pair complexes was determined from magnetic-field measurements and from two-electron transitions. Excited states of the neutral-donor bound excitons were observed in the form of rotator states analogous to rotational states of the ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ molecule.
448 citations
407 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a critical assessment of the state-of-the-art of the wide and complex field of modelling and simulation of metal cutting operations based on information obtained from the members of the working group, from consultation in industry, study of relevant literature and discussions at meetings of the Working Group whit the aim to stimulate and pilot future developments.
368 citations
TL;DR: A survey of the literature related to regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling can be found in this paper, which includes a discussion of the contributions that CGE models have made to regional economic analysis.
Abstract: Regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) models have grown in popularity in recent years as an alternative method to examine regional economies and regional policy issues. However, the contribution of regional CGE models has yet to be assessed. Therefore, this paper surveys the literature related to regional CGE modeling. The survey includes a discussion of the contributions that CGE models have made to regional economic analysis. In addition, the basic approach of regional CGE modeling is outlined, and the key features of existing regional CGE models are detailed. The paper also appraises of the current state of the art of regional CGE modeling and suggests future research directions.
308 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a relationship dissolution model is developed that depicts some of the key antecedents of relationship commitment as revealed in the context of the dissolution of a buyer-seller relationship.
Abstract: A relationship dissolution model is developed that depicts some of the key antecedents of relationship commitment as revealed in the context of the dissolution of a buyer‐seller relationship. Despite the importance of the dissolution of marketing relationships, there has been little research on this topic. The level of commitment determines intentions to remain in the relationship. However, it is difficult to measure true commitment in a relationship until that relationship ends. In addition to adding to our knowledge about the dissolution of marketing relationships, this paper will also provide a new conceptual representation of the relationship commitment construct.
297 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that Ehrlichia spp.
292 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual framework that links international joint venture context (cultural similarity, relative power, and relationship age) and partners' conflict resolution strategies to satisfaction is presented. But the authors focus on the mediation effect of conflict resolution behavior on the linkage from context to satisfaction.
Abstract: The paper presents a conceptual framework that links international joint venture context (cultural similarity, relative power, and relationship age) and partners' conflict resolution strategies to satisfaction. Special attention is paid to the mediation effect of conflict resolution behavior on the linkage from context to satisfaction. The framework is assessed empirically using a sample of U.S. and Chinese joint venture managers in China.
284 citations
TL;DR: For example, the authors found that boards of directors in venture-capital backed companies are more involved in both strategy formation and evaluation than are boards where members do not have large ownership stakes, even when industry, board size, level of diversification, and insider board representation are held constant.
TL;DR: The results suggest that reduced FAD of succinate dehydrogenase is the electron donor for oxygen to produce O⨪2 in the absence of their immediate electron acceptor and in the presence of cytochrome c.
TL;DR: A novel class of mutants that should facilitate the identification of genes required for progression through the mitotic cell cycle during seed development in angiosperms are described, and three non-allelic titan mutants with related but distinct phenotypes are characterized.
Abstract: We describe in this report a novel class of mutants that should facilitate the identification of genes required for progression through the mitotic cell cycle during seed development in angiosperms. Three non-allelic titan (ttn) mutants with related but distinct phenotypes are characterized. The common feature among these mutants is that endosperm nuclei become greatly enlarged and highly polyploid. The mutant embryo is composed of a few giant cells in ttn1, several small cells in ttn2, and produces a normal plant in ttn3. Condensed chromosomes arrested at prophase of mitosis are found in the free nuclear endosperm of ttn1 and ttn2 seeds. Large mitotic figures with excessive numbers of chromosomes are visible in ttn3 endosperm. The ttn1 mutation appears to disrupt cytoskeletal organization because endosperm nuclei fail to migrate to the chalazal end of the seed. How double fertilization leads to the establishment of distinct patterns of mitosis and cytokinesis in the embryo and endosperm is a central question in plant reproductive biology. Molecular isolation of TITAN genes should help to answer this question, as well as related issues concerning cell cycle regulation, chromosome movement and endosperm identity in angiosperms.
TL;DR: A model of quinone oxidation in the bc1 complex is proposed, which incorporates fixed and loose states of the ISP as features important for electron transfer and, possibly, also proton transport.
Abstract: We have analyzed crystal structures of cytochrome bc1 complexes with electron transfer inhibitors bound to the ubiquinone binding pockets Qi and/or Qo in the cytochrome b subunit. The presence or absence of the Qi inhibitor antimycin A did not affect the binding of the Qo inhibitors. Different subtypes of Qo inhibitors had dramatically different effects on the mobility of the extramembrane domain of the iron–sulfur protein (ISP): Binding of 5-undecyl-6-hydroxy-4,7-dioxobenzothiazol and stigmatellin (subtype Qo–II and Qo–III, respectively) led to a fixation of the ISP domain on the surface of cytochrome b, whereas binding of myxothiazol and methoxyacrylate-stilbene (subtype Qo–I) favored release of this domain. The native structure has an empty Qo pocket and is intermediate between these extremes. On the basis of these observations we propose a model of quinone oxidation in the bc1 complex, which incorporates fixed and loose states of the ISP as features important for electron transfer and, possibly, also proton transport.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of tool geometry and depth of cut on the deformation of a single crystal diamond tool was investigated and the results were in reasonably good agreement with the experimental and simulation results reported in the literature, and a material removal mechanism was proposed that would cover the range from conventional machining to grinding, to ultraprecision machining, and finally to the indentation-sliding as a cognate transition for material removal operation.
TL;DR: The findings of this study suggest that isoflavones in soy protein are responsible for its bone-sparing effects and further studies to evaluate the mechanism of action of is oflavones on bone are warranted.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that conifold transitions between Calabi-Yau 3-folds can be used for the construction of mirror manifolds and for the computation of the instanton numbers of rational curves on complete intersection Calabi Yau 3 -folds in Grassmannians.
TL;DR: The ovariectomy-induced increases in indexes of bone turnover were not ameliorated by either of the soy diets, suggesting that any positive effect of soy was achieved through enhanced bone formation rather than slowed bone resorption.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the "suckling effect" in beef cows is the major factor affecting the duration of the postpartum interval and suggests that the maternal bond is more important than suckling in regulating LH pulse frequency, the key endocrine factor determining whether or not a dominant follicles ovulates.
Abstract: The effects of postpartum energy intake, restricted suckling, and cow-calf isolation on concentrations of LH, FSH, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and on postpartum anestrous interval were determined by randomly allocating beef cows with a mean body condition score of 2.3 +/- 0.1 to receive either 80 MJ metabolizable energy (low-energy diet [L]; n = 51) or 120 MJ metabolizable energy (high-energy diet [H]; n = 52) per cow per day from calving. At 30 days postpartum, cows within diet were randomized to 1) have continued full access to their calves from birth to weaning (ad libitum suckling: ADLIB), 2) be suckled once-daily with their calves penned adjacent (restricted suckling, adjacent: RESADJ), 3) be isolated from all calves except for a once-daily suckling period (restricted suckling, isolated: RESISO). The mean postpartum interval was similar (p > 0.10) for L and H cows (62 and 63 days, respectively). RESADJ cows had a shorter (p 0.10) of diet. FSH secretion pattern was not affected by diet, suckling treatment, sequential follicle wave number, or follicle wave retrospectively realigned to emergence of first ovulatory wave. Within 5 days of suckling restriction and calf isolation, the number of LH pulses increased from 0.18 to 0.48 pulses per hour (p < 0.05). Both mean LH and the mean number of LH pulses increased linearly (p < 0.01) during the six follicle waves up to the first ovulatory wave. From 80 days before, until the time of, first ovulation, growth hormone decreased (p < 0.05) while IGF-I increased (p < 0.05), irrespective of treatment. The results indicate that the "suckling effect" in beef cows is the major factor affecting the duration of the postpartum interval and suggests that the maternal bond is more important than suckling in regulating LH pulse frequency, the key endocrine factor determining whether or not a dominant follicles ovulates. Removal of the suckling effect resulted in a rapid increase in LH pulse frequency, which was not dependent on level of postpartum nutrition, at least within the nutritional limits of this study. Mean concentrations of FSH, unlike LH, did not vary with follicle wave number, suggesting that lack of FSH is not a major factor delaying the resumption of ovulation in postpartum beef cows.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the temporal stability of these types of reports, and obtained frequency estimates of exposure to war-zone stressors at two time points from 460 U.S. soldiers who had served in the peace-keeping mission in Somalia.
Abstract: Retrospective reports of the frequency of war-zone exposure are commonly used as objective indices in studies investigating the mental health consequences of exposure to such stressors. To explore the temporal stability of these types of reports, we obtained frequency estimates of exposure to war-zone stressors at two time points from 460 U.S. soldiers who had served in the peace-keeping mission in Somalia. On average, soldiers demonstrated a significant increase in their frequency reports from initial (postdeployment) to subsequent (follow-up) assessment. Severity of posttraumatic symptomatology was uniquely associated with this change, indicating a possible systematic bias in which severity of symptoms leads to increased reports of stressor frequency. The implications of these findings for research in the field of traumatic stress are discussed.
TL;DR: Leptin can directly attenuate insulin-induced steroidogenesis of thecal cells while stimulating proliferation of the same cell type, providing evidence for a role of leptin as a metabolic signal to the reproductive system via direct action in the ovary.
Abstract: Leptin, a recently-discovered hormonal product of the obese (ob) gene, circulates in the blood at levels paralleling those of fat reserves and regulates satiety. Although noninsulin-dependent diabetics are insulin-resistant and have greater levels of leptin than normal subjects, little evidence existed previously to support the notion that leptin can influence insulin action, particularly in the ovary. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that leptin signals metabolic information to the reproductive system by directly affecting insulin-induced thecal cell function. Thecal cells from bovine ovarian follicles were cultured for 2 days in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum, and then cultured for an additional 2 days in serum-free medium with added hormones. Doses of 10 to 300 ng/ml of leptin increased (p 0.10) on thecal cell viability. Specific high-affinity, low-capacity binding of 125I-leptin was also demonstrable in thecal cells. Furthermore, leptin did not compete for [125I]insulin binding to thecal cells, whereas unlabeled insulin did. In conclusion, leptin can directly attenuate insulin-induced steroidogenesis of thecal cells while stimulating proliferation of the same cell type. This inhibitory effect of leptin on steroidogenesis does not appear to be mediated through inhibiting binding of insulin to its receptor but rather appears to be mediated through leptin binding to its own receptor. These results provide evidence for a role of leptin as a metabolic signal to the reproductive system via direct action in the ovary.
TL;DR: An exploratory investigation of gender differences in a large sample of persons with social phobia found women exhibited more severe social fears as indexed by several assessment instruments.
TL;DR: In this paper, a close packed layer of Fe3O4 and SiO2-coated nanoparticles can be assembled on silicon and glass substrates modified with polyelectrolytes following the principle of the layer-by-layer self-assembly.
Abstract: A close packed layer of Fe3O4 and SiO2-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles can be assembled on silicon and glass substrates modified with polyelectrolytes following the principle of the layer-by-layer self-assembly (Science 1997, 277, 1232). Microwave (MW) treatment of the poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) layer prior to the nanoparticle adsorption results in substantial reduction of the surface roughness of the particulate films. This effect is attributed to reduction of the length of partially desorbed segments of macromolecules protruding into the aqueous phase at a distance of about 70 nm as estimated from force−distance curves. Aggregation of nanoparticles on these segments is responsible for a relatively high degree of disorder in layer-by-layer self-assembled films. A brief MW exposure results in cross-linking of polyelectrolyte chains. This substantially reduces the number of loose segments, and improves 2D packing of nanoparticles. For optimized conditions, the rms roughness, R, of magnetite self-ass...
TL;DR: The effects of late dormant-season and late growing-season prescribed fires on herbaceous species richness, diversity, and total forb and legume abundance increased following fire in restored shortleaf pine-grassland communities in the Ouachita Highlands of western Arkansas.
Abstract: We compared the effects of late dormant-season and late growing-season prescribed fires on herbaceous spe- cies in restored shortleaf pine- ( Pinus echinata) grassland communities in the Ouachita Highlands of western Arkansas. Herbaceous species richness, diversity, and total forb and legume abundance increased following fire. Late growing- season burns reduced distribution and abundance of panicums (primarily Panicum boscii, P. dichotomum, and P. lineari- folium) while late dormant-season burns increased Panicum distribution and abundance. Density of legumes (such as Stylosanthes biflora) increased following frequent or annual dormant-season fires. However, season of fire influenced the distribution and abundance of fewer than 10 % of the species. Fire plays an essential role in pine-grassland communities by creating and maintaining open canopy conditions that perpetu- ate understory herbaceous plant communities.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the properties of anion-deficient aluminum oxide doped with carbon (Al 2 O 3 :C) for application using pulsed OSL (POSL) and "delayed OSL" (DOSL).
TL;DR: The morphology and gas permeation properties of montmorillonite−polyelectrolyte self-assembled multilayer systems have been investigated in this paper by means of layer-by-layer deposition.
Abstract: The morphology and gas permeation properties of montmorillonite−polyelectrolyte self-assembled multilayer systems have been investigated. Without any special pretreatment, a stable film of montmorillonite−polymer composite was assembled on a hydrophobic poly(ethyleneterephthalate) support by means of layer-by-layer deposition. All individual alumosilicate platelets were found to be oriented in parallel to the substrate, while their surface density strongly depended on the nature of the polyelectrolyte (charge and molecular weight). The organic−inorganic films were found to be very flexible and crack-resistant even under a considerable mechanical stress. This opened a possibility to preclude gas diffusion through defects and to design highly selective ultrathin membranes. A permeation rate of oxygen was found to decrease 6.6 times for ca. 200 nm montmorillonite/poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride film, while a permeation rate of aqueous vapors did not change at all. This effect was attributed to the dom...
TL;DR: The multigrid implementation provides an efficient hierarchical relaxation method that facilitates the application of anisotropic diffusion to time-critical processes and provides rapid intraregion smoothing and reduction of artifacts due to the elimination of low-frequency error.
Abstract: A multigrid anisotropic diffusion algorithm for image processing is presented. The multigrid implementation provides an efficient hierarchical relaxation method that facilitates the application of anisotropic diffusion to time-critical processes. Through a multigrid V-cycle, the anisotropic diffusion equations are successively transferred to coarser grids and used in a coarse-to-fine error correction scheme. When a coarse grid with a trivial solution is reached, the coarse grid estimates of the residual error can be propagated to the original grid and used to refine the solution. The main benefits of the multigrid approach are rapid intraregion smoothing and reduction of artifacts due to the elimination of low-frequency error. The theory of multigrid anisotropic diffusion is developed. Then, the intergrid transfer functions, relaxation techniques, diffusion coefficients, and boundary conditions are discussed. The analysis includes the examination of the storage requirements, the computational cost, and the solution quality. Finally, experimental results are reported that demonstrate the effectiveness of the multigrid approach.
TL;DR: For example, the authors found that the correlation between childhood and adolescent deviant behavior reflects a developmental process rather than a latent antisocial trait, and there was evidence that improved parenting, increased school commitment, or reduced affiliation with deviant peers lowered the probability that boys who were oppositional during childhood would graduate to delinquency and drug use.
Abstract: Latent trait and life-course theories provide contrasting interpretations of the well-established finding that childhood antisocial behavior often precedes adolescent conduct problems and adult crime. Longitudinal data from 179 boys and their parents were used to test hypotheses derived from the two theoretical perspectives. The findings largely supported the life-course view. Oppositional behavior during late childhood predicted reductions in quality of parenting and school commitment and increased affiliation with deviant peers. These changes, in turn, predicted conduct problems during early adolescence. Although there was a moderately strong bivariate correlation between childhood antisocial behavior and adolescent conduct problems, there was no longer an association between these constructs when the effects of parenting, school, and peers were taken into account. Further, there was evidence that improved parenting, increased school commitment, or reduced affiliation with deviant peers lowered the probability that boys who were oppositional during childhood would graduate to delinquency and drug use during adolescence. Together, these findings suggest that the correlation between childhood and adolescent deviant behavior reflects a developmental process rather than a latent antisocial trait.
TL;DR: Results indicate that L. casei most likely removes cholesterol from broth by means of the destabilization of cholesterol micelles and the coprecipitation of the cholesterol with the deconjugated bile salts at pH less than 6.0, while L. acidophilus was due to assimilation, perhaps by the incorporation of cholesterol into the cellular membrane.
TL;DR: The results suggest that there are genes in both MCMV and WSMV which directly or indirectly affect the replication and/or spread of the other virus in CLN.