Oklahoma State University–Stillwater

About: Oklahoma State University–Stillwater is a education organization based out in Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 18267 authors who have published 36743 publications receiving 1107500 citations. The organization is also known as: Oklahoma State University & OKState.

Refinements to flare energy estimates: A followup to “Energy partition in two solar flare/CME events” by A. G. Emslie et al.

Abstract: [1] Emslie et al. (2004) reported estimates of the energy in the different flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) components of two major solar events with unprecedented observational coverage, one on 21 April 2002 and the other on 23 July 2002. On the basis of these estimates, it appeared that the summed energy content of the different flare components was significantly lower than the total energy of the CME, leading them to reach the “cautious” conclusion that “in both events the coronal mass ejection has the dominant component of the released energy,” amounting to approximately 30% of the available magnetic energy. In this note we present revised estimates of the flare thermal energies in the two events and also add a consideration of the total radiant energy of the events obtained by scaling the measured soft X-ray luminosity based on Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) total solar irradiance measurements for the 28 October 2003 event. Recognizing that many of these energetic components are interrelated, we also take care to distinguish between “primary” components of energy (e.g., the magnetic field), “intermediate” components (e.g., accelerated particles and thermal plasma), and “final” components (e.g., kinetic energy of ejecta, radiant energy in various wave bands). We note that since the values of these components are not all independent, careful tallying is necessary to arrive at an overall energy budget for the event. The best estimates for the energies of the various components still show that the CME contains the greatest fraction of the released energy in both events. However, given the large uncertainties in the energies of the different flare components and the higher estimates of radiant energy obtained by scaling from the SORCE measurements, the results are also consistent with the flare and CME energies in both events being comparable, with a common value of ∼1032 ergs.

Rule-Based Expert Systems

Abstract: Rule-based systems (also known as production systems or expert systems) are the simplest form of artificial intelligence. A rule based system uses rules as the knowledge representation for knowledge coded into the system [1][3][4] [13][14][16][17][18][20]. The definitions of rule-based system depend almost entirely on expert systems, which are system that mimic the reasoning of human expert in solving a knowledge intensive problem. Instead of representing knowledge in a declarative, static way as a set of things which are true, rule-based system represent knowledge in terms of a set of rules that tells what to do or what to conclude in different situations.

Factor Structure of Scores From the Maslach Burnout Inventory A Review and Meta-Analysis of 45 Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor-Analytic Studies

Abstract: This study provides a summary of 45 exploratory and confirmatory factor-analytic studies that examined the internal structure of scores obtained from the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). It highlights characteristics of the studies that account for differences in reporting of the MBI factor structure. This approach includes an examination of the various sample characteristics, forms of the instrument, factor-analytic methods, and the reported factor structure across studies that have attempted to examine the dimensionality of the MBI. This study also investigates the dimensionality of MBI scale scores using meta-analysis. Both descriptive and empirical analysis supported a three-factor model. The pattern of reported dimensions across validation studies should enhance understanding of the structural dimensions that the MBI measures as well as provide a more meaningful interpretation of its test scores.

Readiness of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter for LHC collisions.

Abstract: The Tile hadronic calorimeter of the ATLAS detector has undergone extensive testing in the experimental hall since its installation in late 2005. The readout, control and calibration systems have been fully operational since 2007 and the detector has successfully collected data from the LHC single beams in 2008 and first collisions in 2009. This paper gives an overview of the Tile Calorimeter performance as measured using random triggers, calibration data, data from cosmic ray muons and single beam data. The detector operation status, noise characteristics and performance of the calibration systems are presented, as well as the validation of the timing and energy calibration carried out with minimum ionising cosmic ray muons data. The calibration systems’ precision is well below the design value of 1%. The determination of the global energy scale was performed with an uncertainty of 4%.