Oklahoma State University–Stillwater

About: Oklahoma State University–Stillwater is a education organization based out in Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 18267 authors who have published 36743 publications receiving 1107500 citations. The organization is also known as: Oklahoma State University & OKState.

Electro-optic detection of terahertz radiation

Abstract: We present a complete frequency-domain description of electro-optic (EO) detection of terahertz (THz) electromagnetic radiation, including a description of the ellipsometry technique employed. These frequency-domain results show the effect of EO detection of a pulse of THz radiation as the product of three spectral filters acting on the complex amplitude spectrum of the THz pulse that is entering the EO crystal. For the usual experimental situation in which the optical bandwidth of the interrogating light pulse is small compared with the optical carrier frequency, we obtain an important simplification of our general result for the detected EO signal. When this simplified result is rewritten in the time domain, a more general description of the previous time-domain picture of EO detection is obtained.

Higgs-Mediated B 0 --> μ + μ - in Minimal Supersymmetry

Abstract: We demonstrate a new source for flavor-changing neutral currents within the minimal supersymmetric standard model. At moderate to large tan {beta} , it is no longer possible to diagonalize the masses of the quarks in the same basis as their Yukawa couplings. This generates flavor-violating couplings of the form b{sub R}d{sub L}{phi} and b{sub R}s{sub L}{phi} where {phi} is any of the three neutral, physical Higgs bosons. These new couplings lead to rare processes in the B system such as B{sup 0}{yields}{mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} and B{sup 0}-B{sup 0} mixing. We show that the latter are anomalously suppressed, while the former is in the experimentally interesting range, with an observable signal possible at Run II of the Tevatron if m{sub A}(less-or-similar sign)400-700 GeV . (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.

Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa

Abstract: This article provides an outline of the classification of the kingdom Fungi (including fossil fungi. i.e. dispersed spores, mycelia, sporophores, mycorrhizas). We treat 19 phyla of fungi. These are Aphelidiomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Entorrhizomycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. The placement of all fungal genera is provided at the class-, order- and family-level. The described number of species per genus is also given. Notes are provided of taxa for which recent changes or disagreements have been presented. Fungus-like taxa that were traditionally treated as fungi are also incorporated in this outline (i.e. Eumycetozoa, Dictyosteliomycetes, Ceratiomyxomycetes and Myxomycetes). Four new taxa are introduced: Amblyosporida ord. nov. Neopereziida ord. nov. and Ovavesiculida ord. nov. in Rozellomycota, and Protosporangiaceae fam. nov. in Dictyosteliomycetes. Two different classifications (in outline section and in discussion) are provided for Glomeromycota and Leotiomycetes based on recent studies. The phylogenetic reconstruction of a four-gene dataset (18S and 28S rRNA, RPB1, RPB2) of 433 taxa is presented, including all currently described orders of fungi.

The apparent time construct

Abstract: The use of apparent time differences to study language change in progress has been a basic analytical construct in quantitative sociolinguistics for over 30 years. The basic assumption underlying the construct is that, unless there is evidence to the contrary, differences among generations of similar adults mirror actual diachronic developments in a language: the speech of each generation is assumed to reflect the language more or less as it existed at the time when that generation learned the language. In providing a mirror of real time change, apparent time forms the basis of a conceptual framework for exploring language change in progress. However, the basic assumptions that underlie apparent time have never been fully tested. This article tests those assumptions by comparing apparent time data from two recent random sample telephone surveys of Texas speech with real time data from the Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States, which was conducted some 15 years before the telephone surveys. The real time differences between the linguistic atlas data and the data from the telephone surveys provide strong support for the apparent time construct. Whenever apparent time data in the telephone surveys clearly suggest change in progress, the atlas data show substantially fewer innovative forms. Whenever the apparent time data suggest stable variation, the atlas data are virtually identical to that from the more recent surveys. Whenever the relationships between real and apparent time data are unclear, sorting out mitigating factors, such as nativity and subregional residence, clarifies and confirms the relationships. The results of our test of the apparent time construct suggest that it is unquestionably a valid and useful analytical tool.