Showing papers by "Open University of Catalonia published in 2005"

“For she who knows who she is:” Managing Accountability in Online Forum Messages

Abstract: The recent application of Conversation Analysis (CA) to online forum communication has been successful in explicating the sequential ties among messages. In this article, we build on those foundations and show how CA’s illumination of the structural resources of interaction can provide an analysis of accountable action in an online forum setting. We report a case study to illustrate how a user, in carrying off a ‘declaration of love,’ attends to her accountability in posting such a message. We analyse the message’s placement as an initiating first turn; its prefatory work as an announcement; its selection of next speaker; and its internal design as a turn-at-interaction. We show how these features are oriented to in the first message sent in response. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the usefulness of CA in illuminating users’ orientation to the accountable norms of online behavior.

Nueva universidad ante la sociedad del conocimiento

Abstract: The main contribution of the present article is to identify and interrelate the main elements that should be taken into account to restructure and update both virtual and conventional universities so that they can constitute key factors in the development of society toward the ideal of the knowledge society. This article briefly places Iberoamerican universities in context, defines the stages of distance education and outlines the so-called telematic information paradigm. In addition, the most important conceptual features for the complex process of the transformation of universities are highlighted and the functions of «evaluation» and «accreditation» within these features are discussed.

La evaluación de competencias complejas: la práctica del portafolio

Abstract: En estos momentos, el conocimiento del portafolio como instrumento de aprendizaje y evaluacion se encuentra bastante extendido en el marco de algunas disciplinas a pesar de que todavia son pocos los profesores que lo desarrollan en sus clases este sistema como instrumento de evaluacion. Este articulo quiere colaborar al acercamiento practico de esta herramienta asi como a su difusion general aportando informacion basica para su puesta en practica.

Towards personalization in digital libraries through ontologies

Abstract: Purpose – To describe a browsing and searching personalization system for digital libraries based on the use of ontologies for describing the relationships between all the elements which take part in a digital library scenario of use.Design/methodology/approach – Identification of all the desired functionalities and requirements that are necessary to fully integrate the use of a digital library in an e‐learning environment, and the basic elements that are used to build the ontology that describes such scenario.Findings – The elements that determine the functionalities of the desired personalization system: first, the user's profile, including navigational history and user preferences; and second, the information collected from the navigational behavior of the digital library users.Research limitations/implications – The ontology is not complete. In fact, the ontology in itself will evolve with the new apparition of desired functionalities and requirements of the personalization system.Practical implicatio...

Arguing our way to the Direct Object Restriction on English resultatives

Abstract: Drawing on Hoekstra’s (1988f) work on so-called ‘small clause results’ and Marantz’s (1992) work on the way-construction and its relation to resultative constructions, in this article I argue my way to the conclusion that the so-called ‘Direct Object Restriction’ (DOR) on English resultatives must be reinstated, despite Rappaport Hovav and Levin’s (2001) claims to the contrary. First, I review some of the main properties of resultative constructions that appear to motivate the syntactic approach, whose main descriptive tenet is the DOR. In particular, I show that the present analysis of the conflation process involved in the formation of complex resultatives allows us to offer an adequate explanation of their syntactic properties. Second, I put forward a relational syntactic analysis of the so-called ‘way-construction’. In particular, I show that the present analysis helps us understand why the DOR holds for this idiomatic resultative-like construction as well. Finally, I deal with some exceptional cases put forward by Verspoor (1997) and Wechsler (1997), reviewed by Rappaport Hovav and Levin (2001), which appear to contradict the DOR.

Hacia el aula virtual: actividades de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la red

Abstract: La situacion de los ordenadores en un centro escolar y el rol que desempenan en el puede resultar, a dia de hoy, un tanto polemica. Pensamos que la controversia no procede nuclearmente de los mismos centros a los que se les acumula un sinfin de responsabilidades, sino de las propias demandas sociales e institucionales que yuxtaponen uno detras de otro los trabajos que debe desarrollar un centro escolar. Naturalmente, los centros se ven en la necesidad de ordenar, integrar y dar respuesta a todas estas demandas nuevas y crecientes, situacion que no es siempre facil si la leemos acompanada de una cierta falta de recursos personales, materiales y formativos. Con este panorama no queremos mas que apuntar la realidad escolar que por lo que respecta a la tecnologia mas puntera se mueve entre el binomio que determina, por un lado, el lujo y, por otro, la necesidad de tener un ordenador en la clase. Mas alla de discutir en detalle si ese es el lugar que ha de ocupar en un centro, creemos que cualquier profesor puede estar de acuerdo en tener un aula bien dotada y que ello incluya tambien un ordenador en alguna parte del espacio del que el es educativamente responsable. El ordenador es un medio que como lo es la television, el video, la prensa, la radio, las diapositivas, etc. que tienen como finalidad ayudarle en su tarea docente. Ahora bien, el uso del ordenador es multiple y singular, por tanto, aunque comparte las caracteristicas de todos los medios de utilizacion educativo tiene particularidades que lo hacen unico.

User Navigational Behavior in e-Learning Virtual Environments

Abstract: In this paper we describe the navigational behavior of the students of a e-learning virtual environment, in order to determine whether such navigational patterns are related to the academic performance achieved by the students or not, and which behaviors can be identified as more successful. As an example, a subset of students taking a degree in Computer Science in a completely virtual online university are selected as the matter of study. Three levels of analysis are described: a session level, where students perform a few actions in a single session logged to the virtual campus; a course level, where all single sessions are joined to form a course navigational pattern; and a life-long learning level, where students enroll in several subjects each academic semester. A simple experiment is outlined for the course level to demonstrate the possibilities of such analysis in a virtual e-learning environment. This experiment shows that the information collected in this level is useful for understanding user behavior and the relationship with his or her academic achievements, and that some intuitive ideas about the relevance of specific user actions or particularities can be also better explained.

Which Internet Policy? Assessing Regional Initiatives in Spain

Abstract: We examine the effect of public policy on the growth of Internet use. Using a decentralized country—Spain—as an example, we compare the 17 Spanish regions to test different Internet policy designs, taking into account the quality and number of specific programs promoted by regional governments, as well as the presence or absence of strategic planning in each region. We treat the percentage of Internet users as a dependent variable to compare its diffusion in different territories. Our findings show that educational levels and economic differences explain about half of the variations observed. Furthermore, the regional policies play a significant role in explaining regional variations. We investigate which public policy instruments are more significant for the development of the Internet, and find that focused policy intervention and complex policy initiatives are more significant than other policy instruments in explaining the increase in the percentage of Internet users.

Analyzing the organization of collaborative math problem-solving in online chats using statistics and conversation analysis

Abstract: In this paper we describe how a statistical test on a hypothesis regarding collaborative math problem solving using online chats showed an unexpected result, whose understanding required the use of qualitative methods. The phenomenon behind the result is identified using Conversation Analysis. This paper demonstrates the importance of using qualitative methods to describe the perspective of participants as a way of interpreting statistical results, revising hypotheses and developing alternative coding schemes and procedures. The combined approach of quantitative and qualitative methods is applied on real data coming from Virtual Math Teams research project (Drexel University) and is identifying issues not addressed so far in the analysis of online collaborative group activity.

Computing the relevant instances that may violate an OCL constraint

Abstract: Integrity checking is aimed at efficiently determining whether the state of the information base is consistent after the application of a set of structural events. One possible way to achieve efficiency is to consider only the relevant instances that may violate an integrity constraint instead of the whole population of the information base. This is the approach we follow in this paper to automatically check the integrity constraints defined in a UML conceptual schema. Since the method we propose uses only the standard elements of the conceptual schema to process the constraints, its efficiency improvement can benefit any implementation of the schema regardless the technology used.

Comunidades de práctica virtuales:acceso y uso de contenidos

Abstract: According to Wenger, McDermott and Snyder (2002), a community of practice (CP) is «a group of persons sharing a concern, a set of problems or common interest in a subject, and who deepen knowledge and skill in this field through continued interaction». Among other aspects, the moderator is a key figure when guaranteeing the functioning of CPs, especially in the case of virtual CPs. The moderator’s function is to promote participation and manage the contents exchanged among members of the CP, identify the important contents and store them in such a way that they can be retrieved. The case of the information management group of the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya is used to illustrate how information and communication technologies and the moderator help to preserve the memory of the CP.

Diseño instruccional y objetos de aprendizaje; hacia un modelo para el diseño de actividades de evaluación del aprendizaje online

Abstract: This article presents some conclusions and proposals regarding the field of the instructional design and the learning objects as a strategy for the improvement of the design of evaluation activities in online learning contexts. These conclusions and proposals were reached thanks to recent studies that have been carried out in the frame of our university, which have been observed from the activities typology of continuous assessment to the different processes followed up to conceptualize and plan. Likewise, some reflections are presented which derive from the experience in the development of tools and the methodological guides that have been used at our university from the start until nowadays. Furthermore, with this article, we pretend to show the opportunity that the use of instructional design and learning objects offers if it is conceived from a pedagogical perspective. Some ideas that will allow us to keep on investigating and improving are also suggested.

On-chip interconnects and instruction steering schemes for clustered microarchitectures

Abstract: Clustering is an effective microarchitectural technique for reducing the impact of wire delays, the complexity, and the power requirements of microprocessors. In this work, we investigate the design of on-chip interconnection networks for clustered superscalar microarchitectures. This new class of interconnects has demands and characteristics different from traditional multiprocessor networks. In particular, in a clustered microarchitecture, a low intercluster communication latency is essential for high performance. We propose some point-to-point cluster interconnects and new improved instruction steering schemes. The results show that these point-to-point interconnects achieve much better performance than bus-based ones, and that the connectivity of the network together with effective steering schemes are key for high performance. We also show that these interconnects can be built with simple hardware and achieve a performance close to that of an idealized contention-free model.

Netlab: Teleobservatorio universitario de docencia virtual

Abstract: El proyecto Net.Lab pretende crear un espacio de referencia en la red que facilite la incorporacion de las TIC en el ambito universitario a partir de la definicion de unos criterios de calidad.

A grid-aware implementation for providing effective feedback to on-line learning groups

Abstract: Constantly providing feedback to on-line learning teams is a challenging yet one of the latest and most attractive issues to influence learning experience in a positive manner The possibility to enhance learning group’s participation by means of providing appropriate feedback is rapidly gaining popularity due to its great impact on group performance and outcomes Indeed, by storing parameters of interaction such as participation behaviour and giving constant feedback of these parameters to the group may influence group’s motivation and emotional state resulting in an improvement of the collaboration Furthermore, by feeding back to the group the results of tracking the interaction data may enhance the learners’ and groups’ problem solving abilities In all cases, feedback implies constantly receiving information from the learners’ actions stored in log files since the history information shown is continuously updated Therefore, in order to provide learners with effective feedback, it is necessary to process large and considerably complex event log files from group activity in a constant manner, and thus it may require computational capacity beyond that of a single computer To that end, in this paper we show how a Grid approach can considerably decrease the time of processing group activity log files and thus allow group learners to receive selected feedback even in real time Our approach is based on the master-worker paradigm and is implemented using Globus technology running on the Planetlab platform To test our application, we used event log files from the Basic Support for Collaborative Work (BSCW) system

Simulating I-Space (SimISpace): An agent-based approach to modeling knowledge flows

Abstract: La gestio del coneixement produeix sovint teories que son massa generiques o abstractes per a poder-les verificar sense dificultat. En alguns casos, els models de simulacio poden facilitar aquesta tasca. En aquest article desenvolupem un model de simulacio basat en agents intel·ligents i derivat d’un marc conceptual, l’espai d’informacio o I-Space, que utilitzem per a explorar les diferencies entre un entorn d’informacio schumpeteria i un de neoclassic. Aixi, despres d’introduir els temes relatius a la gestio del coneixement amb els quals treballarem, presentem en primer lloc i de manera breu el marc conceptual. A continuacio presentem el model basat en agents intel·ligents i desenvolupem una serie d’hipotesis dissenyades per a ajudar a validar el model. Posteriorment presentem unes quantes execucions del model ideades per a provar aquestes hipotesis de manera preliminar. Una vegada demostrades ampliament les hipotesis, arribem a la conclusio que el model es prou coherent perque es pugui continuar desenvolupant.

Repertorios abiertos: el libre acceso a contenidos

Abstract: Las nuevas tecnologias de la informacion y la comunicacion estan modificando los mecanismos utilizados por distintas comunidades para comunicarse entre si. Si tratamos de comunidades academicas o cientificas hay que hablar, actualmente, de archivos abiertos o del movimiento Open Access. Partiendo del principio del acceso abierto al conocimiento, los cientificos son conscientes de que los actuales sistemas de publicacion y comunicacion de sus trabajos son cada vez mas elitistas y, por ello, excluyentes. En este marco encontramos, a principios de los anos noventa, las primeras iniciativas para crear depositos abiertos de documentos especializados con el fin de facilitar el acceso a contenidos, hasta el momento disponibles solo para los que los pudiesen pagar. Desde entonces, los principios que rigen el movimiento han evolucionado. Actualmente son ya las propias instituciones academicas las que apoyan la creacion de estos archivos de documentos con el fin de proteger los derechos sobre sus actividades, a la vez que facilitan la transferencia de conocimientos en la Red. Si bien se trata de sistemas que no responden a los metodos tradicionales de evaluacion de resultados, como puede ser la revision por pares, su uso es cada vez mas habitual, hasta el extremo de que sus contenidos son a menudo mas citados, y por tanto utilizados, que los que se pueden encontrar en las tradicionales revistas cientificas. Lejos de sustituirlas, se perciben como complementos a los mecanismos de validacion de la ciencia establecidos, ofreciendo entornos mas agiles, accesibles y no tan rigidos.

Total disclosure of the embedding and detection algorithms for a secure digital watermarking scheme for audio

Abstract: This paper discusses the modification of a robust digital audio watermarking scheme to allow the disclosure of the embedding and detection algorithms. The chosen scheme uses MPEG 1 Layer 3 compression to determine the position of the mark bits in the frequency domain. The marking positions would be exposed if the original embedding algorithm was disclosed. In fact, it is shown that even if an attacker did not know the exact tuning parameters used for embedding, he or she could still produce an approximate superset of the marking frequencies from only a marked copy and successfully attack the file. To avoid this problem, a secret key is introduced in the embedding and detection processes. The secret key includes the seed of a pseudo-random number generator which is used to compute the exact marking positions. The modification is then analysed in terms of capacity, imperceptibility, robustness and security. The experiments show that the modified scheme preserves most of the properties of the original one, such as robustness against MP3 compression for the most frequently used bit rates, and does introduce additional security as the mark is more difficult to erase when the embedding and detection algorithms are disclosed.

Wavelet lossless compression of ultraspectral sounder data

Abstract: This paper provides a study concerning the suitability of well-known image coding techniques originally devised for lossy compression of still natural images when applied to lossless compression of ultraspectral sounder data. An ultraspectral sounder generates an unprecedented amount of 3D data, consisting of two spatial and one spectral dimensions; with ultraspectral sounder data, better inference of atmospheric, cloud and surface parameters is feasible. Here we present the experimental results of five widespread wavelet-based coding techniques, namely EZW, IC, SPIHT, JPEG2000 and CCSDS-IDC. Since the considered still image coding techniques are 2D in nature, but the ultraspectral data is 3D, a preprocessing step is applied to convert the two spatial dimensions into a single one. We are also interested in analyzing the benefits of applying some pre-processing step (e.g., linear prediction or bias adjusted reordering) prior to the coding process in order to further exploit the spectral correlation, which is much stronger than the spatial correlation.

Hipervisualidad. La imagen fotográfica en la sociedaddel conocimento y de la comunicación digital

Abstract: En este texto se presenta la construccion de una nueva forma de pensar visualmente la sociedad y la cultura digital. El medio fotografico ha cambiado con la llegada de la digitalizacion visual, nuevos modos de proceder y de interpretar las imagenes, nuevas maneras de establecer la mediacion entre la imagen fija y la sociedad o cultura de referencia. Comunicamos de modo diferente y el publico objetivo interpreta las imagenes tambien de modo diferente. Desde la hipervisualidad se establece un marco de actuacion, analisis e interpretacion de la sociedad visual, un marco nuevo y actualizado a los tiempos digitales. De esta manera, las imagenes adquieren cada vez mas importancia como nuevas estrategias de conocimiento en la sociedad actual.

Verification of concurrent systems with parametric delays using octahedra

Abstract: A technique for the verification of concurrent parametric timed systems is presented. In the systems under study, each action has a bounded delay where the bounds are either constants or parameters. Given a safety property, the analysis computes automatically a set of constraints on the parameters sufficient to guarantee the property. The main contribution is an innovative representation of the parametric timed state space based on bit-vectors. Experimental results from the domain of timed circuits show that this representation improves both CPU time and memory usage with respect to another parametric approach, convex polyhedra.

Personalización del proceso de aprendizaje usando learning objects reutilizables

Abstract: En este articulo se describe el diseno de una plataforma de e-learning que integra el uso de learning objects (objetos de aprendizaje) reutilizables como elementos basicos para la construccion de itinerarios que permiten la personalizacion del proceso de aprendizaje en funcion de las caracteristicas especiales de cada curso y de cada perfil de estudiante. El objetivo es describir las caracteristicas deseadas de tal plataforma y las problematicas que se presentan cuando se integran diferentes tecnologias, especialmente el salto existente entre las definiciones de metadatos proporcionadas por los estandares de marcado de objetos de aprendizaje, y la aplicacion de un modelo de diseno instruccional adecuado a este nuevo escenario. La plataforma propuesta apuesta por el uso del est´andard SCORM y, por extension, del estandar LOM para el marcado de los objetos de aprendizaje, teniendo en cuenta que el objetivo central es el seguimiento del proceso de aprendizaje y la personalizacion del mismo.

Un futuro urbano con un corazón antiguo

Abstract: Tomando el ejemplo de Barcelona, el articulo realiza algunas reflexiones generales acerca de las transformaciones en la ciudad como resultado de grandes proyectos urbanos que a la par de la intervencion fisica, modifican notoriamente su caracter En el trabajo se sostiene como hipotesis que a expensas de un urbanismo de inspiracion globalizante que homogeniza y segrega, la ciudad va mutando en nuevos espacios de desposesion para los ciudadanos Al correr de los tiempos actuales y bajo el influjo de los nuevos proyectos, su caracter historico como espacio de intercambio y apropiacion, va cediendo lugar a la tendencia a la banalizacion urbana, la segregacion social del territorio y el aumento de las desigualdades Un segundo topico se vincula con la respuesta de la ciudadania frente al problema Aqui se sostiene que por la via de la denuncia y la critica; como de la organizacion y la accion, los ciudadanos comienzan a construir y consolidar nuevos escenarios para la reapropiacion del territorio, de su identidad y de su cohesion socio-cultural Finalmente, en la conclusion se sintetizan algunas de las propuestas expresadas a lo largo del trabajo, y se reflexiona sobre los desafios que tienen por delante las administraciones locales y los ciudadanos en la produccion de un nuevo urbanismo centrado en el derecho a la ciudad

Problems and Opportunities of Learning Together in a Virtual Learning Environment

Abstract: This chapter explores new ways of collaborative learning in a virtual learning environment based on our acquisition of knowledge from previous experience. We identify both the problems faced in real collaborative learning practices and the ways these problems can be overcome and turned into opportunities for more efficient learning. These issues concern pedagogical, organizational, and technical elements and constraints that influence the successful application of collaborative learning in distance education, such as efficient group formation, the nature of collaborative learning situations that promote peer interaction and learning, the student roles and tutor means of supervising and guiding the learning process, and an effective assessment of group work. The proposed methodology not only achieves better learning outcomes but also contributes to the tutor’s professional development in a networked learning environment that facilitates social interaction among all participants while building on existing skills. This chapter appears in the book, Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning in Higher Education, edited by Tim S. Roberts. Copyright © 2005, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING Learning Together in a Virtual Learning Environment 219 Copyright © 2005, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. Introduction One of the basic requirements for education today is to prepare learners for participation in an information society in which knowledge is the most critical resource for social and economic development. Moreover, contributed expertise and networked activities more and more characterize the emerging work environment. Elaborating, managing, and extending knowledge while productively collaborating with others and functioning within networks of experts will be essential for interactive and open organizations of the future. Besides this generic objective, in the context of distance learning, one of the fundamental issues is to provide quality teaching and learning. This fact is even more imperative today when the rapid development of the information and communication technologies has initiated a shift away from conventional distance learning to networked learning. The result of these technological advancements has given rise to virtual learning environments or virtual campuses where the communicative process is crucial. In this line, the Open University of Catalonia (http://www.uoc.edu) has built a large and complex organizational virtual campus that provides an innovative pedagogic model for distance learning and teaching. In this broad networked learning community infrastructure, our work seeks to investigate and facilitate learning and social interaction. In particular, we have started exploring the possibilities for new forms of learning and teaching by proposing the design of a methodology that promotes and encourages learning and collaboration through smaller communities of learners working together. Our involvement in this project has given rise to different methodological approaches to and practices of networked collaborative learning, depending on several factors such as: the nature of the experience (the type of virtual collaborative learning activities), the individual and group objectives, assessment issues, the tutor and student roles and commitment level, and the technology used for the implementation of the different practices. In this chapter, we describe a methodological framework that uses existing technology, the Basic Support for Cooperative Work (BSCW) system (Bentley, Horstmann, & Trevor, 1997), and applies an innovative scenario for developing a Project-Based Collaborative Learning (PBCL) practice that is adequately embedded in a real practical educational context. In this context, we examine the conditions and methods that influence and enhance active learning through collaborative project development in shared workspaces, as well as some methods for triggering collaborative processes. Our approach brings new expectations and requires changes in attitudes and reward structures for both the learners and the teachers, such as new roles, different pedagogic and learning methods, and technological and training supports that enable learners to build up social structures, encourage learning, and develop critical thinking skills. From a methodological point of view, this allowed us to identify that the lifecycle and progress of learning groups in a virtual environment goes across four critical processes (or phases) that require defining specifications that are quite different from those applied in individual learning in virtual environments. These phases are: Group formation, consolidation, development and closing (Daradoumis, Marquès, Guitert, Giménez, & Segret, 2001). 14 more pages are available in the full version of this document, which may be purchased using the "Add to Cart" button on the product's webpage: www.igi-global.com/chapter/problems-opportunities-learningtogether-virtual/6908?camid=4v1 This title is available in InfoSci-Books, InfoSci-Educational Technologies, InfoSci-Educational Technologies, Library Science, Information Studies, and Education, InfoSciEducation, InfoSci-Select, InfoSci-Select. Recommend this product to your librarian: www.igi-global.com/e-resources/libraryrecommendation/?id=1

Sim-I-Space: An Agent-Based Modelling Approach to Knowledge Management Processes

Abstract: In the chapter we offer a verbal description of Sim-I-Space, an agentbased model that operationalises key features of a conceptual framework: the Information-Space (I-Space). The I-Space relates the speed and extent of information flows between agents to how far their messages have been structured through acts of codification and abstraction. The more structured a message, the faster and more extensively it diffuses to other agents—intentionally or not.

A grid approach to provide effective awareness to on-line collaborative learning teams

Abstract: Providing collaborative learning applications the possibility to offer continuous awareness to on-line collaborative learning teams is a challenging issue since it is essential to keep participants informed of both what is happening and what happened in the learning group. Moreover, awareness is the basis to enhance collaboration and improve the individual and group performance since it allows to track and assess the collaborative learning process more objectively and to model students' behavior more efficiently. In order to provide students and tutors with effective awareness, we consider the collaborative actions registered in log files. It is necessary to process large and considerably complex event log files in a constant manner, and thus it may requires processing capacity beyond that of a single computer. To that end, in this paper we show how a Grid approach can considerably decrease the time of processing group activity log files and thus allow students and tutors to be aware of what is going on in the group activity even in real time. Our approach is based on the master-worker paradigm and is implemented using Globus technology running on the Planetlab platform. To test our application, we used event log files from the Basic Support for Collaborative Work (BSCW) system.

La gens licinia y el nordeste peninsular. una aproximación al estudio de las formas de propiedad y de gestión de un rico patrimonio familiar

Abstract: In the last years, either progress in landscape archaeology as well as studies on the epigraphy of production areas, have contribute to increase our volume of information However, such headway not always has come along with an improvement in the data interpretation, in other words, in the study of the complex forms of landownership and management of resources in Roman Spain We believed it is necessary to integrate diverse types of existent documentation sources, and we propose in the present case to study a working model focus on the gens Licinia The importance of this gens in the Northeast of the Peninsula and the outstanding volume of information preserved allow us to put forward a series of methodological and historical reflections we judge significant

El uso de la información de agencia en las ediciones electrónicas de diarios en España: estudio comparativo de las páginas web de El Periódico, El Mundo y La Vanguardia

Abstract: Los diarios de informacion general disponen en Internet de servicios de informacion on line actualizados permanentemente, que tienen en las agencias de noticias su fuente informativa fundamental. La urgencia por la publicacion y la necesidad de llevar a cabo una actualizacion acumulativa lleva a una reelaboracion minima de los despachos que sirven las agencias y genera una homogeneizacion de los contenidos que se publican en los servicios on line de los distintos diarios. La presente investigacion aborda mediante datos estadisticos, analisis de casos y entrevistas como los matices editoriales de cada publicacion se diluyen en la redaccion de las noticias y cada medio se ve obligado a buscar nuevos elementos informativos donde imprimir su caracter ideologico y diferenciar su producto de la competencia.