Orange S.A.

About: Orange S.A. is a company organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Terminal (electronics) & Signal. The organization has 6735 authors who have published 9190 publications receiving 156440 citations. The organization is also known as: Orange SA & France Télécom.

Packet data communications

Abstract: An internet packet comprises a header field, the header field including a field identifying a source address of the internet packet, a field identifying the destination address of the internet packet and a next header field identifying whether an extension header follows the header and a type of the extension header. The extension header indicates a hop-by-hop option header, the hop-by-hop extension header including a router alert option header type indicating that the extension field is optional for a router to read, and a field providing information for a gateway support node of a packet radio system network. A gateway support node is thereby provided with information, which may be required for example to support a mobile internet protocol (IP). However, by providing the router alert option field, a router is not required to read the remainder of the hop-by-hop option field. As a result, a reduction in the performance of the router in routing internet packets, which may have been incurred if the router was required to read all the hop-by-hop extension field can be limited.

Process for exchange of rights between microprocessor cards

Abstract: A process for exchange of rights between microprocessor cards, wherein multiple keys (K1, K2, . . . ) and varied keys (Ka5, Kb3) are used. A card to be debited calculates a voucher with varied key (Ka5) that the card to be credited reconstitutes. The process has application to electronic payment.

The Ecolead ICT Infrastructure For Collaborative Networked Organizations

Abstract: This paper presents a distributed and open ICT infrastructure that is being developed in the ECOLEAD IST IP project to help members of Collaborative Networks in doing businesses and collaborations more efficiently. ICT-I design relies on the service oriented architecture paradigm, and it is implemented with web-services. ICT-I services are to be used on demand and pay-per-use models. It is flexible to support an easy entrance of new services and the withdrawn of others. So far the type of organizations envisaged by the proposed ICT-I are the ones members of virtual breeding environments, virtual organizations and professional virtual communities. This paper details the 1CT- I requirements, its architecture and services. A small description of a first ICT-I prototype is given in the end.

A model for robust capacity planning for telecommunications networks under demand uncertainty

Abstract: In telecommunications network design, one of the key parameter is the set of requirements which in the past, were demands based on historical data and/or demographic predictions. Because of new technologies development and customers movement due to competitiveness, the requirements present considerable uncertainty. We propose a model for network design taking into account this uncertainty, which can be solved using linear programming techniques.

New criteria for bosonic behavior of excitons

Abstract: Dimensional arguments lead to say that N excitons in a sample of volume V behave as bosons for λNax3/V 1, ax being the exciton radius and λ a dimensionless factor. The Mott criterion, which is based on the disappearance of all exciton bound states because of screening, gives λ 1. Since excitons feel each other through both Coulomb interaction and Pauli exclusion between their electrons and holes, criteria based on the underlying fermionic character of the exciton should be even more relevant. Two significant quantities are the boson departure 1 − [B,B†] and boson number B†B, where B† is the exciton creation operator. Their expectation values in the N-exciton state are close to their boson values for λ ~ 100 and λ ~ 50, respectively. By contrast, the expectation value of BN(B†)N in the vacuum state is close to N! for 25N2ax3/V 1 only. This surprising N2-dependence comes from the intrinsic N-body character of Pauli exclusion. Consequences of these new criteria on the Bose condensation of excitons are discussed.