Orange S.A.

About: Orange S.A. is a company organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Terminal (electronics) & Signal. The organization has 6735 authors who have published 9190 publications receiving 156440 citations. The organization is also known as: Orange SA & France Télécom.

'Connected' presence: the emergence of a new repertoire for managing social relationships in a changing communication technoscape

Abstract: The aim of this research is to understand how the transformation of the communication technoscape allows for the development of particular patterns in the construction of social bonds. It provides evidence for the development of a ‘connected’ management of relationships, in which the (physically) absent party gains presence through the multiplication of mediated communication gestures on both sides, up to the point where copresent interactions and mediated distant exchanges seem woven into a single, seamless web. After reviewing some of the current social-science research, I rely on empirical studies of the uses of the home telephone, the mobile phone, and mobile text messaging in France to discuss how this particular repertoire of ‘connected’ relationships has gradually crystallized as these technologies have become widespread and as each additional communication resource has been made available to users. I also describe how such a ‘connected’ mode coexists with a previous way of managing ‘mediated’ rela...

Aggregation and Correlation of Intrusion-Detection Alerts

Abstract: This paper describes an aggregation and correlation algorithm used in the design and implementation of an intrusion-detection console built on top of the Tivoli Enterprise Console (TEC). The aggregation and correlation algorithm aims at acquiring intrusion-detection alerts and relating them together to expose a more condensed view of the security issues raised by intrusion-detection systems.

Tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) thin films for advanced dielectric applications

Abstract: This paper reviews the present knowledge on tantalum pentoxide (Ta 2 O 5 ) thin films and their applications in the field of microelectronics and integrated microtechnologies. Different methods used to produce tantalum oxide layers are described, emphazing elaboration mechanisms and key parameters for each technique. We also review recent advances in the deposition of Ta 2 O 5 in the particular field of microelectronics where high quality layers are required from the structural and electrical points of view. The physical, structural, optical, chemical and electrical properties of tantalum oxide thin films on semiconductors are then presented and essential film parameters, such as optical index, film density or dielectric permittivity, are discussed. After a reminder of the basic mechanisms that control the bulk electrical conduction in insulating films, we carefully examine the origin of leakage currents in Ta 2 O 5 and present the state-of-the-art concerning the insulating behaviour of tantalum oxide layers. Finally, applications of tantalum oxide thin films are presented in the last part of this paper. We show how Ta 2 O 5 has been employed as an antireflection coating, insulating layer, gate oxide, corrosion resistant material, and sensitive layer in a wide variety of components, circuits and sensors.

Optimal and Sub-optimal Maximum A-Posteriori Algorithms Suitable for Turbo-Decoding.

Abstract: For estimating the states or outputs of a Markov process, the symbol-by-symbol maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm is optimal. However, this algorithm, even in its recursive form, poses technical difficulties because of numerical representation problems, the necessity of non-linear functions and a high number of additions and multiplications. MAP like algorithms operating in the logarithmic domain presented in the past solve the numerical problem and reduce the computational complexity, but are suboptimal especially at low SNR (a common example is the Max-Log-MAP because of its use of the max function). A further simplification yields the soft-output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA). In this paper, we present a Log-MAP algorithm that avoids the approximations in the Max-Log-MAP algorithm and hence is equivalent to the true MAP, but without its major disadvantages. We compare the (Log-)MAP, Max-Log-MAP and SOVA from a theoretical point of view to illuminate their commonalities and differences. As a practical example, we consider Turbo decoding, and we also demonstrate the practical suitability of the Log-MAP by including quantization effects. The SOVA is, at 10−4, approximately 0.7 dB inferior to the (Log-)MAP, the Max-Log-MAP lying roughly in between. The channel capacities of the three algorithms -when employed in a Turbo decoder- are evaluated numerically.

The FRACTAL component model and its support in Java

Abstract: This paper presents FRACTAL, a hierarchical and reflective component model with sharing. Components in this model can be endowed with arbitrary reflective capabilities, from plain black-box objects to components that allow a fine-grained manipulation of their internal structure. The paper describes JULIA, a Java implementation of the model, a small but efficient runtime framework, which relies on a combination of interceptors and mixins for the programming of reflective features of components. The paper presents a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of this implementation, showing that component-based programming in FRACTAL can be made very efficient. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.