Orange S.A.

About: Orange S.A. is a company organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Terminal (electronics) & Signal. The organization has 6735 authors who have published 9190 publications receiving 156440 citations. The organization is also known as: Orange SA & France Télécom.

Process for fabricating an integrated circuit using local silicide interconnection lines

Abstract: A process for fabricating a semiconductor device using local silicide interconnection lines make it possible to fabricate an integrated circuit having a plurality of electronic elements disposed on a semi-conductor substrate. The electronic elements are formed on the substrate such that they are grouped into a first region and a second region adjacent to the first region, each of these regions having predetermined conductivities. The first region has a layer of dielectric material disposed upon it with at least one capacitive element disposed on the dielectric layer. The capacitive element includes a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer. The second region has at least one double junction metal-insulator semi-conductor field effect transistor (MISFET) located therein. The MISFET includes at least three regions, a gate region and two active regions, a source region and a drain region. In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, a process is provided whereby one of said two active regions is electrically connected by a first local connection line to the first electrode layer of the capacitive element, a bond pad is disposed on the gate region, a source bond pad is disposed on the source region, a drain bond pad is disposed upon a drain region and a second electrode layer of the capacitive element, simultaneously, in the same formation step. This is advantageously accomplished inter alia by depositing and then etching the silicide of a refractory metal.

MADM-based network selection in heterogeneous wireless networks: A simulation study

Abstract: Recently, network selection in heterogeneous wireless networks has been widely studied by using various mathematical models, in which MADM is one of the most popular. However, the usage of this model still has lots of existing issues in many scenarios, and there is lack of study on how to solve these issues in the scope of MADM-based network selection. Based on our previous survey, we firstly provide in this paper extensive simulations to demonstrate MADM's feasibility in various scenarios. Meanwhile, we identify several important issues that have not been well solved in the current literature, such as the requirement of efficient weighting method, the usage of VHO properties, the tradeoff for handing-over to the new best network, and the immoderate load balancing compromising importance of other criteria. Combining with our studies on these issues, we finally propose a four-step integrated strategy for MADM-based network selection.

Jonathan: an open distributed processing environment in Java

Abstract: This article describes a minimal and modular ORB framework from which highly flexible ORBs supporting the introduction of arbitrary binding mechanisms between interacting objects can be built. This framework essentially extends the Java notion of object reference to make it distributed. Jonathan is a Java implementation of this framework, featuring a CORBA 2.0 "personality" and several different binding factories. It could be easily extended with new binding factories and personalities (e.g. a RMI personality) or scaled down to fit particular needs.

Method and device for determining a subject's sleep state by processing an electroencephalographic signal

Abstract: An electroencephalographic signal processing method allows the stages of sleep to be determined in real time as an EEG signal is being picked up. The EEG signal is divided into time segments of the same length; each signal segment is sampled digitally to obtain successive blocks of N samples; for each block i, M standardized correlation coefficients Ri,k are determined, M being much far smaller than N; for each block i, the distances D(i,j) between the coefficients Ri,k of the current block and the coefficients Rj,k of the centers of gravity of existing classes j are calculated; the minimum D(i,p) of distances D(i,j) is selected; block i is assigned to class p and the center of gravity of the class is updated if D(i,p) is below a given threshold, while a new class is created if D(i,p) is above the given threshold; and each class is assigned to the closest stage from the standpoint of energy distribution beween frequency bands.