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Showing papers by "Oregon State University published in 1973"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater were determined as functions of temperature (2-35°C) and salinity (19-43%) at atmospheric pressure by measurement of K'1 and the product K', K' as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater were determined as functions of temperature (2-35°C) and salinity ( 19-43%) at atmospheric pressure by measurement of K’1 and the product K’, K’,. At 35sa salinity and 25°C the measured values were pE1 = 6.600 and pK’2 = 9.115; at 35% and 2°C the measured values were pK’1 = 6.177 and pKPz = 9.431.

3,085 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the chemical, isotopic, and mineralogical compositions of these deposits point to a common origin and suggest that they formed from the interaction of sea water with newly formed basalt crust at mid-ocean ridges.
Abstract: Sediments from near the basement of a number of Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) sites, from the Bauer Deep, and from the East Pacific Rise have unusually high transition metal-to-aluminum ratios. Similarities in the chemical, isotopic, and mineralogical compositions of these deposits point to a common origin. All the sediments studied have rare-earth-element (REE) patterns strongly resembling the pattern of sea water, implying either that the REE's were coprecipitated with ferromanganese hydroxyoxides (hydroxyoxides denote a mixture of unspecified hydrated oxides and hydroxides), or that they are incorporated in small concentrations of phosphatic fish debris found in all samples. Oxygen isotopic data indicate that the metalliferous sediments are in isotopic equilibrium with sea water and are composed of varying mixtures of two end-member phases with different oxygen isotopic compositions: an iron-manganese hydroxyoxide and an iron-rich montmorillonite. A low-temperature origin for the sediments is supported by mineralogical analyses by x-ray diffraction which show that goethite, iron-rich montmorillonite, and various manganese hydroxyoxides are the dominant phases present. Sr87/Sr86 ratios for the DSDP sediments are indistinguishable from the Sr87/Sr86 ratio in modern sea water. Since these sediments were formed 30 to 90 m.y. ago, when sea water had a lower Sr87/Sr86 value, the strontium in the poorly crystalline hydroxyoxides must be exchanging with interstitial water in open contact with sea water. In contrast, uranium isotopic data indicate that the metalliferous sediments have formed a closed system for this element. The sulfur isotopic compositions suggest that sea-water sulfur dominates these sediments with little or no contribution of magmatic or bacteriologically reduced sulfur. In contrast, ratios of lead isotopes in the metalliferous deposits resemble values for oceanic tholeiite basalt, but are quite different from ratios found in authigenic marine manganese nodules. Thus, lead in the metalliferous sediments appears to be of magmatic origin. The combined mineralogical, isotopic, and chemical data for these sediments suggest that they formed from hydrothermal solutions generated by the interaction of sea water with newly formed basalt crust at mid-ocean ridges. The crystallization of solid phases took place at low temperatures and was strongly influenced by sea water, which was the source for some of the elements found in the sediments.

247 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an n-period single-product single-facility model with known requirements and separable piecewise concave production and storage costs is considered, and it is shown using network flow concepts that for arbitrary bounds on production and inventory in each period, there is an optimal schedule such that if, for any two periods, production does not equal zero or its upper or lower bound, then the inventory level in some intermediate period equals zero or their upper/lower bound.
Abstract: An n period single-product single-facility model with known requirements and separable piecewise concave production and storage costs is considered. It is shown using network flow concepts that for arbitrary bounds on production and inventory in each period there is an optimal schedule such that if, for any two periods, production does not equal zero or its upper or lower bound, then the inventory level in some intermediate period equals zero or its upper or lower bound. An algorithm for searching such schedules for an optimal one is given where the bounds on production are -∞, 0 or ∞. A more efficient algorithm assumes further that inventory bounds satisfy “exact requirements.”

200 citations


Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1973
TL;DR: The strength of the K line of singly ionized calcium has been measured for several hundred A-type stars within a few hundred parsecs of the Sun and for the A stars in several galactic star clusters as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The strength of the K line of singly ionized calcium has been measured for several hundred A-type stars within a few hundred parsecs of the Sun and for the A stars in several galactic star clusters. The derived abundance of calcium varies from star to star by up to a factor of 2, and there is no correlation of abundance with the space motion of the stars.

177 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of selendiulil on spermatogenesis in rats is apparently specific and cannot be substituted either by vitamin E or by the antioxidants tested in this study.
Abstract: Active spermatogenesis was observed in some of the seminiferous tubules of seleniumdeficient rats born to females on a selenium-deficient diet,and only a very few spermatozoa could be recovered from the cauda epididymis of these animals. The motility of spermatozoa from these males was invariably very poor and the majority of the sperm cells showed breakage near the middle piece or principal piece of the tail. Vitamin E supplementation, even at highly elevated levels (d.a-tocopherol acetate, 1000 ppm) did not alleviate these selenium-deficiency symptoms. Rats receiving selenium-deficient diets with antioxidant supplementation also produced semen, which contained, in most cases, nonmotile spermatozoa. The role of selendiulil on spermatogenesis in rats is apparently specific and cannot be substituted either by vitamin E or by the antioxidants tested in this study.

167 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The stress field in a homogeneous model is compared with that of a more realistic model which accounts for varying elastic modules within the tooth and the transfer of load from the tooth into the surrounding structure is examined.

164 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that aggregating data tends to cause multicollinearity and difficulty in estimating the parameters of recreation demand functions, and that gains in efficiency of estimation of several hundred percent could often be obtained by using individual observations, rather than the traditional zone averages, as illustrated with an empirical example.
Abstract: This research indicates that aggregating data tends to cause multicollinearity and difficulty in estimating the parameters of recreation demand functions. Gains in efficiency of estimation of several hundred percent could often be obtained by using individual observations, rather than the traditional zone averages, as illustrated with an empirical example.

156 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the early part of the Silurian, the Late Ordovician marine benthic faunal communities and faunas found in platform rocks differ from those characteristic of the early parts of the silurian as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Late Ordovician–Early Silurian stratigraphic sequences across the world's platforms bear evidence for onlapping relations in the early part of the Silurian. In general, Late Ordovician marine benthic faunal communities and faunas found in platform rocks differ from those characteristic of the early part of the Silurian. Planktonic graptolites are also conspicuously different in Early Silurian strata from those in Late Ordovician strata. The impressive evidence for Late Ordovician–earliest Silurian continental glaciation in Africa and significant portions of South America and evidence for only restricted orogenic activity in the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian interval suggests that glaciation was the principal agent behind the changes seen among faunas as well as in the stratigraphic record. Shallowing of marine waters across the Late Ordovician platforms was probably related to “locking up” oceanic waters in the glaciers during glaciation, and onlapping relations took place as the glaciers melted and sea level rose. Restriction of platform marine environments and shallowing as well as cooling of the oceans were primary environmental factors behind the changes in marine faunas. Llandovery deglaciation coincides with a time interval during which animal communities were widely spread areally.

149 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors showed that lake breezes frequently exert drastic control on mesoscale air pollution patterns in urbanized shoreline areas, in this case, Chicago, Ill. Observational data were gathered from a surface mesonetwork, surface and satellite cloud photography, a chain of pilot balloons normal to the shore, optically tracked constant-level balloons, and aircraft measurements of suspended particulate concentrations in several size ranges.
Abstract: The lake-breeze circulation on the Great Lakes is often as vigorous as its oceanic counterpart. This paper shows that lake breezes frequently exert drastic control on mesoscale air pollution patterns in urbanized shore-line areas, in this case, Chicago, Ill. Observational data were gathered from a surface mesonetwork, surface and satellite cloud photography, a chain of pilot balloons normal to the shore, optically tracked constant-level balloons, and aircraft measurements of suspended particulate concentrations in several size ranges. On the 2 late summer days studied, the lake breezes were extremely well developed. Inflow depths ranged from 500 to 1000 m, with peak inflow velocities of 6–7 m/s. Beginning at the shore-line between 0800 and 0900 LST, the breezes penetrated inland over 40 km. Clearly defined return flow layers were present both days. Eulerian wind field measurements from serial pilot, balloon releases were used to make cross sections of the u wind component. Computed one-dimensiona...

136 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Electric dichroism and sedimentation velocity measurements suggest that the DNA in these fragments is folded into a compact, perhaps superhelical, configuration.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A nitrogen-deficient medium and m-Endo agar were employed in the isolation of members of the tribe Klebsielleae from surfaces of vegetables and seeds, finding that vegetables containing K. pneumoniae may constitute a potential reservoir for human nosocomial genitourinary or other infections.
Abstract: A nitrogen-deficient medium and m-Endo agar were employed in the isolation of members of the tribe Klebsielleae from surfaces of vegetables and seeds. With m-Endo agar at an incubation temperature of 37 C, nearly 50% of the vegetables and seven out of seven seed samples yielded organisms which biochemically and serologically were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Viable counts were generally in the range of 103 cells per g of vegetable peel or seed. Organisms classified as K. pneumoniae exhibited seven different IMViC patterns, with the --++, ++++, and -+++ patterns most common. Seven of the eleven K. pneumoniae serotypes encountered have previously been isolated from human urinary tract and other infections. Fifty percent of the 40 K. pneumoniae examined exhibited positive acetylene-reducing activity, i.e., they possessed the capability for fixing N2. Vegetables containing K. pneumoniae may constitute a potential reservoir for human nosocomial genitourinary or other infections.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, samples of soil (25 g) were treated with 1 or 2 ml of propylene oxide, 400 or 800 parts/106 of sodium azide, or autoclaved for 1.5 or 3.0 h.
Abstract: Samples of soil (25 g) were treated with 1 or 2 ml of propylene oxide, 400 or 800 parts/106 of sodium azide, or autoclaved for 1.5 or 3.0 h. Soil sterilization was achieved by the propylene oxide and autoclaving treatments. Sodium azide inhibited the bacteria and actinomycetes and drastically reduced the fungal population. The autoclaving treatment decreased the soil pH 0.2 unit, while propylene oxide and sodium azide treatments increased it 0.5–1.1 units. Extractable manganous—Mn was increased 2- to 3-fold by all treatments except for a 90- to 120-fold increase in an autoclaved soil; extractable Ca was not affected; and the extractable K changes were slight. Total extractable N was increased 10–20 parts/106, and available P was generally increased by the treatments. Propylene oxide induced the least chemical alterations upon sterilization and is considered an appropriate sterilant to study chemical transformations in soils; but, germination and growth of wheat and alfalfa were retarded in propylene oxide treated soil.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Four annual reproductive cycles were followed in the echinoid, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson), at three places on the central Oregon coast near 44°45′N lat.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Volatile compounds produced by Pseudomonas putrefaciens, P. fluorescens, and an Achromobacter species in sterile fish muscle were identified by combined gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.
Abstract: Volatile compounds produced by Pseudomonas putrefaciens, P. fluorescens, and an Achromobacter species in sterile fish muscle (Sebastes melanops) were identified by combined gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Compounds produced by P. putrefaciens included methyl mercaptan, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and trimethylamine. With the exception of dimethyl trisulfide, the same compounds were produced by an Achromobacter species. Methyl mercaptan and dimethyl disulfide were the major sulfur-containing compounds produced by P. fluorescens.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The numerical classification based upon all 51 characters lends some support to the division of the genus into four principal groups of species: the East Asian pea pears, the larger-fruited East Asian p pear, the North African pears and the European and West Asian pears.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, computer-simulation models are developed to investigate the growth and equilibrium shape of a river delta in which wave action is the dominant force in redistributing sands deposited at the river mouth.
Abstract: Computer-simulation models are developed to investigate the growth and equilibrium shape of a river delta in which wave action is the dominant force in redistributing sands deposited at the river mouth. Common values of sediment supply by rivers are used, and known relations for sand transport along beaches are applied. Although of a preliminary nature, the models appear to yield reasonable comparisons with real beaches and delta shapes. The models indicate that the deltas quickly reach an equilibrium configuration in which the wave energy flux is just capable of transporting and redistributing along the shore all the sand supplied by the river. The wave breaker angle decreases systematically along the delta away from the river mouth due to a progressive decrease in the quantity of river sand remaining to be transported (with increasing distance from the river mouth an increasing proportion of the river sand has already been deposited). When the wave energy flux is low or the river sediment supply too high for the existing waves nearly all the sand remains near the river mouth, producing one distributary which, if duplicated, would form a bird-foot delta. Oblique wave approaches produced asymmetric deltas but the asymmetry was not as pronounced as anticipated. The application of such simulation models to real case studies of shoreline alteration, natural or man-made, is also discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Various inhibitors were used to separate the overlapping processes of polar axis fixation, intracellular localizations forming a polar cell, and cell division, all of which are essential for cellular differentiation in two-celled embryos of Fucus distichus L. Powell.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the mid-ocean ridge tholeiitic basalt pillows have noble gas abundance patterns which resemble the solar rare gas pattern rather than the noble gas pattern of the terrestrial atmosphere.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Bovine muscle pyruvate kinase purified from bovine skeletal muscle by a procedure that includes only heat, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and chromatography on carboxymethyl Sephadex was found to be homogeneous, as determined by disc gel electrophoresis at pH 9.5 and the molecular weight in guanidine hydrochloride indicates the presence of four polypeptide chains in the native enzyme.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The lined chiton Tonicella lineata (Wood, 1815) is found on enerusting coralline algae in the lower rocky intertidal zone of Oregon and San Juan Island, Washington, USA and normal development stops at the trochophore stage, and metamorphosis and further development will take place only after stttlement on encrusting corAlline algae.
Abstract: The lined chiton Tonicella lineata (Wood, 1815) is found on enerusting coralline algae in the lower rocky intertidal zone of Oregon and San Juan Island, Washington, USA. An encrusting coralline alga is the major food item of this chiton. Experiments were performed to test the settling response of T. lineata larvae to various algae and other substrata. In these experiments, the larvae would settle only on pieces of encrusting coralline algae and piecesof ceramic roofing tile soaked in a coralline algal extract. The settling stimulus is probably chemical in nature, and is inactivated by boiling. In laboratory cultures, normal development stops at the trochophore stage (110 to 160 h, depending on the temperature). Metamorphosis and further development will take place only after stttlement on encrusting coralline algae.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of rim-to-interior samples of fresh tholeiitic pillow basalts, deuterically altered holocrystalline basalts and older, weathered tholeitic basalts from the deep sea indicate that 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios of the older basalts are raised by low temperature interaction with strontium dissolved in sea water.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The isolated and purified the equivalent isozyme from bovine liver appears to have the same subunit structure and number of binding sites as the skeletal muscle isozyme, implying that, in spite of significant differences in physical and chemical properties, the liver and skeletal muscle isozymes are very similar.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new stridulatory apparatus on the last sternite and the eighth segment is described in six female Dendroctonus bark beetles, and elytral files similar to those of males are found on four of these species, which were hitherto believed to be silent.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the apparent solubility product of calcite in artificial seawater of salinity 35‰ was measured by a saturometer technique and it was found to be (4·59 ± 0·05) × 10−7 moles/(kilogram of seawater)2 at 25°C with a temperature coefficient of −0·0108 × 10 −7/°C between 2 and 25°c.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Nickel had no effect on copper content and only a slight effect on zinc content, but significantly increased the iron concentrations of these tissues, and caused an accumulation of iron in all the cellular fractions of these two tissues.

01 Jan 1973
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed 22 Apollo 15 samples, 21 Apollo 16 samples, 4 Luna 20 samples, and 6 Apollo 17 samples for 26 to 30 major, minor, and trace elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA).
Abstract: The authors analyzed 22 Apollo 15 samples, 21 Apollo 16 samples, 4 Luna 20 samples, and 6 Apollo 17 samples for 26 to 30 major, minor, and trace elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Major attention is given to Apollo 16 results and recent Apollo 17 data. The roster of elements via INAA has been extended to include Nd, Ni, Ir, and Au in the Apollo 16 and 17 samples. The latter three elements are highly abundant in these samples. Sample preparation, activation conditions, and the detailed INAA analytical procedure are essentially the same as reported by Laul and Schmitt (1973).