Oregon State University

About: Oregon State University is a education organization based out in Corvallis, Oregon, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Climate change. The organization has 28192 authors who have published 64044 publications receiving 2634108 citations. The organization is also known as: Oregon Agricultural College & OSU.

Quantifying vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae: a proposed method towards standardization *

Abstract: SUMMARY A standard method for the quantification of root colonization by vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi is needed. From the examination of roots from three different host species, the estimation of the percentage of the length of root segments containing VA mycorrhizal fungal structures was found to be more accurate than the determination of the percentage of root segments with VA mycorrhizal fungal structures. It was no more time consuming, and was not influenced by segment size. Examination of a minimum of seven samples, each with 25 randomly selected 0 5 to 1 0 cm root segments, was needed for confidence limits to be within 10 % of the mean. It is proposed that, for the sake of comparability between studies, this procedure be

Genomic determinants of coral heat tolerance across latitudes

Abstract: As global warming continues, reef-building corals could avoid local population declines through “genetic rescue” involving exchange of heat-tolerant genotypes across latitudes, but only if latitudinal variation in thermal tolerance is heritable. Here, we show an up–to–10-fold increase in odds of survival of coral larvae under heat stress when their parents come from a warmer lower-latitude location. Elevated thermal tolerance was associated with heritable differences in expression of oxidative, extracellular, transport, and mitochondrial functions that indicated a lack of prior stress. Moreover, two genomic regions strongly responded to selection for thermal tolerance in interlatitudinal crosses. These results demonstrate that variation in coral thermal tolerance across latitudes has a strong genetic basis and could serve as raw material for natural selection.

Typical 2-Cys Peroxiredoxins: Structures, mechanisms and functions

Abstract: Peroxiredoxins are abundant cellular antioxidant proteins that help to control intracellular peroxide levels. These proteins may also function, in part, through an evolved sensitivity of some peroxiredoxins towards peroxide-mediated inactivation in hydrogen peroxide signaling in eukaryotes. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the catalytic and regulatory mechanisms of 'typical 2-Cys' peroxiredoxins and of the biological roles played by these important enzymes in oxidative stress and nonstress-related cellular signaling. New evidence suggests localized peroxide buildup plays a role in nonstress-related signaling.

Estimates of M2 Tidal Energy Dissipation from TOPEX/Poseidon Altimeter Data

Abstract: Most of the tidal energy dissipation in the ocean occurs in shallow seas, as has long been recognized. However, recent work has suggested that a significant fraction of the dissipation, perhaps 1 TW or more, occurs in the deep ocean. This paper builds further evidence for that conclusion. More than 6 years of data from the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimeter are used to map the tidal dissipation rate throughout the world ocean. The dissipation rate is estimated as a balance between the rate of working by tidal forces and the energy flux divergence, computed using currents derived by least squares fitting of the altimeter data and the shallow water equations. Such calculations require dynamical assumptions, in particular about the nature of dissipation. To assess sensitivity of dissipation estimates to input assumptions, a large suite of tidal inversions based on a wide range of drag parameterizations and employing both real and synthetic altimeter data are compared. These experiments and Monte Carlo error fields from a generalized inverse model are used to establish error uncertainties for the dissipation estimates. Owing to the tight constraints on tidal elevation fields provided by the altimeter, area integrals of the energy balance are remarkably insensitive to required dynamical assumptions. Tidal energy dissipation is estimated for all major shallow seas (excluding individual polar seas) and compared with previous model and data-based estimates. Dissipation in the open ocean is significantly enhanced around major bathymetric features, in a manner consistent with simple theories for the generation of baroclinic tides.