Oregon State University

About: Oregon State University is a education organization based out in Corvallis, Oregon, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Climate change. The organization has 28192 authors who have published 64044 publications receiving 2634108 citations. The organization is also known as: Oregon Agricultural College & OSU.

Long-Term Ascorbic Acid Administration Reverses Endothelial Vasomotor Dysfunction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract: Background—Loss of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) contributes to the clinical expression of coronary artery disease (CAD). Increased oxidative stress has been linked to impaired endothelial vasomotor function in atherosclerosis, and recent studies demonstrated that short-term ascorbic acid treatment improves endothelial function. Methods and Results—In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we examined the effects of single-dose (2 g PO) and long-term (500 mg/d) ascorbic acid treatment on EDNO-dependent flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery in patients with angiographically established CAD. Flow-mediated dilation was examined by high-resolution vascular ultrasound at baseline, 2 hours after the single dose, and 30 days after long-term treatment in 46 patients with CAD. Flow-mediated dilation improved from 6.6±3.5% to 10.1±5.2% after single-dose treatment, and the effect was sustained after long-term treatment (9.0±3.7%), whereas flow-mediated dilation was 8.6±4.7% at baseli...

On the Structure and Dynamics of Monthly Mean Sea Level Anomalies along the Pacific Coast of North and South America

Abstract: The behavior and relationship of anomalies of monthly mean sea level, coastal sea surface temperature and alongshore wind stress for the eastern Pacific Ocean during the period 1950–74 have been studied Sea level and temperature records from Yakutat, Alaska (59°N) to Valparaiso, Chile (33°S) and computed alongshore wind stress at near coastal grid points from Yakutat to Matzatlan, Mexico (23°N) have been utilized The positive and negative sea level anomalies, corresponding to El Nino-anti El Nino cycles, are well correlated throughout the tropics of both hemispheres and are detectable at the California stations From Crescent City to Antofagasta, Chile the sea level anomalies were correlated with the Southern Oscillation Index above the 99% significance level The maximum station separations for which sea level anomalies were correlated among themselves above the 99% significance level varied from 6000 km (Yakutat to San Diego) to more than 12 000 km (Prince Rupert to Matarani) A well-defined

An M2 muscarinic receptor subtype coupled to both adenylyl cyclase and phosphoinositide turnover

Abstract: To investigate whether a particular receptor subtype can be coupled to multiple effector systems, recombinant M2 muscarinic receptors were expressed in cells lacking endogenous receptor. The muscarinic agonist carbachol both inhibited adenylyl cyclase and stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis. The stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis was significantly less efficient and more dependent on receptor levels than the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. Both responses were mediated by guanine nucleotide binding proteins, as evidenced by their inhibition by pertussis toxin; the more efficiently coupled adenylyl cyclase response was significantly more sensitive. Thus, individual subtypes of a given receptor are capable of regulating multiple effector pathways.

Below-ground process responses to elevated CO2 and temperature: a discussion of observations, measurement methods, and models

Abstract: Rising atmospheric CO2 and temperatures are probably altering ecosystem carbon cycling, causing both positive and negative feedbacks to climate. Below-ground processes play a key role in the global carbon (C) cycle because they regulate storage of large quantities of C, and are potentially very sensitive to direct and indirect effects of elevated CO2 and temperature. Soil organic matter pools, roots and associated rhizosphere organisms all have distinct responses to environmental change drivers, although availability of C substrates will regulate all the responses. Elevated CO2 increases C supply below-ground, whereas warming is likely to increase respiration and decomposition rates, leading to speculation that these effects will moderate one another. However, indirect effects on soil moisture availability and nutrient supply may alter processes in unexpected directions. Detailed, mechanistic understanding and modelling of below-ground flux components, pool sizes and turnover rates is needed to adequately predict long-term, net C storage in ecosystems. In this synthesis, we discuss the current status of below-ground responses to elevated CO2 and temperature and potential feedback effects, methodological challenges, and approaches to integrating models and measurements.

Surimi and Surimi Seafood

Abstract: SURIMI RESOURCES Introduction Cold-Water Whitefish Used for Surimi Tropical Fish Used for Surimi Pelagic Fish Used for Surimi Conclusions: Changes in Surimi Supply and Demand References SURIMI: MANUFACTURING AND EVALUATION Introduction Processing Technology and Sequence Biological (Intrinsic) Factors Affecting Surimi Quality Processing (Extrinsic) Factors Affecting Surimi Quality Processing Technologies that Enhance Efficiency and Profitability Decanter Technology Surimi Gel Preparation for Better Quality Control Summary Acknowledgments References PROCESS FOR RECOVERY OF FUNCTIONAL PROTEINS BY pH SHIFTS Introduction Characteristics of Dark Muscle Fish Crucial to Surimi Processing A New Approach for Obtaining Functional Protein Isolates from Dark-Muscled Fish Summary References SANITATION AND HACCP Introduction Sanitation Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) Principles of the HACCP System HACCP for Surimi Production HACCP for Surimi Seafood Production Microbiological Standards and Specifications for Surimi Seafood Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOPS) Cleaners and Sanitizers Verification References STABILIZATION OF PROTEINS IN SURIMI Introduction Myosin and Fish Proteins Stability of Myosin Intrinsic Stability of Fish Muscle Proteins Stability of Frozen Surimi Proteins Mechanisms for Cryoprotection and Cryostabilization Processing Effects on Surimi Stability Stabilized Fish Mince Stabilization of Fish Proteins to Drying Future Developments in Fish Protein Stabilization References PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES AND CONTROL IN SURIMI Introduction Classification of Proteolytic Enzymes Sarcoplasmic vs. Myofibrillar Proteinases Control of Heat-Stable Fish Proteinases Summary References WASTE MANAGEMENT AND BY-PRODUCT UTILIZATION Introduction Surimi Waste Management and Compliance Solid Waste Surimi Wastewater Recovery of Bioactive Components and Neutraceuticals Opportunities and Challenges Summary References FREEZING TECHNOLOGY Introduction Horizontal Plate Freezers Airflow Freezers Brine Freezers Cryogenic Freezers Freezing the Product Freezing Capacity Freezing Time Some "What-If" Effects on Freezing Time Energy Conservation Conclusions Acknowledgments References SURIMI SEAFOOD: PRODUCTS, MARKET, AND MANUFACTURING Introduction Manufacture of Surimi-Based Products Other Processing Technology Acknowledgments References SURIMI GELATION CHEMISTRY Introduction Protein Components of Surimi Lipid Components of Fish Muscle Bonding Mechanisms during Heat-Induced Gelation of Fish Myofibrillar Proteins Factors Affecting Fish Protein Denaturation and Aggregation Summary: Factors Affecting Heat-Induced Gelling Properties of Surimi References RHEOLOGY AND TEXTURE PROPERTIES OF SURIMI GELS Introduction Fundamental Test Empirical Tests Effects of Processing Parameters on Rheological Properties of Surimi Gels Viscosity Measurements Practical Application of Dynamic Rheological Measurements Summary Acknowledgements References MICROBIOLOGY AND PASTEURIZATION OF SURIMI SEAFOOD Introduction Growth of Microorganisms in Foods Surimi Microbiology Microbial Safety of Surimi Seafood Pasteurization of Surimi Seafood Process Considerations and Pasteurization Verification for Surimi Seafood Temperature Prediction Model for Thermal Processing of Surimi Seafood Predictive Model for Microbial Inactivation during Thermal Processing of Surimi Seafood New Technologies for Pasteurization: High-Pressure Processing and Electron Beam Packaging Considerations References INGREDIENT TECHNOLOGY FOR SURIMI AND SURIMI SEAFOOD Introduction Ingredient Technology Evaluation of Functional Ingredients Acknowledgements References SURIMI SEAFOOD FLAVORS Introduction What Is Flavor? Basic Seafood Flavor Chemistry Additives and Ingredients Used in Flavors The "Off Flavors" of Seafood Effects of Processing on Seafood Flavor Release and Interactions Effects of Ingredients on Flavor Processing Factors Affecting Flavors Flavor Regulations and Labeling Summary References COLOR MEASUREMENT AND COLORANTS FOR SURIMI SEAFOOD Introduction Understanding Color and Measurement Coloring Surimi Seafood Colorants Color Quality Labeling Summary References Additional Reading APPLICATION OF SENSORY SCIENCE TO SURIMI SEAFOOD Introduction What Is Sensory Evaluation? Who Is Sensory Evaluation Working For? Developing a Sensory Approach Correlating Sensory Evaluation with Instrumental and Consumer Measures Conclusion: Sensory Evaluation from the Lab to the Consumers References NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND TRENDS IN KAMABOKO AND RELATED RESEARCH IN JAPAN History of Kamaboko Variations in Kamaboko Products in Japan Change in Fish Species Used for Kamaboko Production Trends of Kamaboko Products: Quality, Variety, and Nutrition Scientific and Technological Enhancement in Kamaboko in Japan during the Past 10 to 15 Years References Appendix Code of Practice for Frozen Surimi