Oregon State University

About: Oregon State University is a education organization based out in Corvallis, Oregon, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 28192 authors who have published 64044 publications receiving 2634108 citations. The organization is also known as: Oregon Agricultural College & OSU.

Inverse Modeling of the Ocean and Atmosphere

Abstract: Preamble 1 Variational assimilation 2 Interpretation 3 Implementation 4 The varieties of linear and nonlinear estimation 5 The ocean and the atmosphere 6 Ill-posed forecasting problems References Appendix A Computing exercises Appendix B Euler-Lagrange equations for a numerical weather prediction model Index

Polypharmacy Among Adults Aged 65 Years and Older in the United States: 1988–2010

Abstract: Older adults have a high prevalence of multiple chronic health conditions for which multiple medications are typically recommended as treatment (1,2). Consequently multiple medication use, often referred to as polypharmacy, is common in this population (1). Polypharmacy may be problematic for a number of reasons. For example it may increase the risk of using potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) (3,4), which have been associated with negative effects on long-term physical and cognitive functioning (5). Polypharmacy also results in medication nonadherence (1,6), increased risk of drug duplication, drug–drug interactions (1) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (1,6,7), and higher health care costs (6,8,9). Research has also found that medication use may be associated with poor functional status (6), and decreased cognitive capacity (10). Given the rapidly aging population and the potential negative effects of multiple medication use, it is of interest to characterize trends and correlates of polypharmacy in older adults. A recent National Center for Health Statistics investigation reported that approximately a third of persons over age 60 were on ≥5 prescription medications in 2007–2008 (9). Although other research has examined national trends in polypharmacy among noninstitutionalized U.S. elders, the majority of studies have not included contemporary data (11–13). Additionally, many studies consider older adults as a single group over age 60 or 65, or rely on patient self-report of medication use (9,11). Recent nationally representative estimates of PIM use among community-dwelling older adults are currently unavailable. National rates of PIM prescribing during ambulatory care visits in 1995 and 2000 were estimated at 7.8% (3) but relied on provider report, thus measuring prescribing rather than medication use. Given the association of polypharmacy and PIM use with poor clinical outcomes, more detailed estimates of multiple medication and PIM use are needed. The present study uses data from the National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1988 and 2010 to examine nationally representative time trends in polypharmacy among noninstitutionalized older adults. Trends across age, sex, and select medication classes including PIMs are investigated. To better understand the current needs of this rapidly growing population, we also describe characteristics of prescription medication users in 2009–2010.

Transcendent customer experience and brand community

Abstract: Transcendent customer experiences (TCEs), which have aspects of flow and/or peak experience, can generate lasting shifts in beliefs and attitudes, including subjective self-transformation. With data from a pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental field experiment we examine the impact of TCEs on customers’ integration in a brand community. Because TCEs are highly desirable and valued for their own sake, customers value marketing activities they perceive as instrumental to them. This study demonstrates that a TCE in the context of a marketer-facilitated consumption activity can strengthen a person’s ties to a brand community, delivering a particularly strong form of brand loyalty.

An estimate of global ocean circulation and heat fluxes

Abstract: ALTHOUGH ocean circulation and the consequent exchange of heat and gases with the atmosphere exert a strong influence on climate, discussions of global circulation have previously been highly schematic1–3 (invoking laminar flow patterns that ignore the turbulent nature of the real flow), non-quantitative and/or based upon mutually inconsistent regional studies1–8. Here we present a dynamically and kinematically consistent estimate of the magnitude and structure of global ocean circulation and its associated heat fluxes, derived by integrating hydrographic velocity data over the rapid spatial variations that they show. We find no single overturning cell, but instead a complex and probably time-varying circulation pattern. The simplest interpretation suggests that there are two nearly independent cells: one connecting overturning in the Atlantic Ocean to other basins through the Southern Ocean, and the other connecting the Indian and Pacific basins through the Indonesian archipelago.