Showing papers by "Osaka University published in 1969"
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the hairlike projections are actually the superimposed visual images of the regular hexagons and pentagons of the network composing the basketwork.
Abstract: Five points are discussed regarding the vesicular structure isolated by fractionation techniques from the brain and liver of the guinea pig. 1. One type of vesicle, fixed by OsO4 and shown in thin sections, is identified with the coated vesicle that has been observed in many varieties of tissues. 2. The vesicle contained in a spherical polygonal "basketwork" shown by the negative-staining techniques is identical with the coated vesicle shown in sections. 3. Despite minute observation of this basketwork we could not confirm the existence of "hairlike projections" extending from the convex cytoplasmic surface of the vesicle. We are inclined to believe, therefore, that the hairlike projections are actually the superimposed visual images of the regular hexagons and pentagons of the network composing the basketwork. 4. We repeat the hypothesis originally advanced by Roth and Porter (1) that the "coating" of the coated vesicle plays a role in the mechanism of the infolding and fission of the membrane; we suggest that these events are caused by the transformation of the regular hexagons (of the coating) into regular pentagons. 5. Finally, we make a suggestion as to the nature of those vesicles which have on their surface subparticles which look like "elementary particles (2)."
422 citations
TL;DR: The findings indicate that the rates of synthesis and degradation of the NADPH-cytochrome c reductase vary conversely in the induction process, and the relevance of these findings to the control of the turnover of membrane enzymes is discussed.
209 citations
TL;DR: It has been found that temperature-dependent transitions exist in squares of effective Bohr magneton numbers for ferrihemoglobin cyanide, as seen in the case of ferrimyoglobin complexes, and thermal equilibria between high-spin and low-spin states of Fe 3+ in hemes are explained.
143 citations
138 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that only the outside surface of the vesicles is susceptible to the proteolytic action and that cytochrome b 5 and the NADPH-specific flavoprotein are located in the susceptible area.
Abstract: Digestion of rabbit liver microsomal smooth vesicles with Bacillus subtilis protease released proteins and peptide fragments from the vesicles, without solubilizing phospholipids and cholesterol. The proteolysis was, however, limited when about 30% of the protein had been solubilized. The same limitation was observed when the vesicles were treated with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or their combinations with the bacterial protease. The limited proteolysis was accompanied by selective solubilization of cytochrome b5 and microsomal NADPH-specific flavoprotein, leaving the CO-binding hemoprotein and some other enzymes still attached to the vesicular membranes. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of protease-treated vesicles indicated that all the vesicles had been attacked by the protease to similar extents. The behavior of intact and digested vesicles in dextran density gradient centrifugation suggested that the vesicles, even after proteolytic digestion, existed in the form of closed sacs which were impermeable to macromolecules such as dextran and proteases. It was concluded that only the outside surface of the vesicles is susceptible to the proteolytic action and that cytochrome b5 and the NADPH-specific flavoprotein are located in the susceptible area.
130 citations
TL;DR: The fine structure of the saccular macula of the gold fish has been studied by means of the electron microscope and the relation between the microphonic potential and the position of the kino-cilium has been discussed.
Abstract: The fine structure of the saccular macula of the gold fish has been studied by means of the electron microscope.
129 citations
TL;DR: Of particular interest are the findings that the transferase activity of component II is only inhibitable by l-tryptophan when the component is in the complex and that this inhibition does not appear to depend upon the feedback-sensitive site of component I.
Abstract: The properties of the anthranilate synthetase complex and its separated subunits were compared in catalyzing the anthranilate synthetase reaction, chorismate + l-glutamine or NH(4) (+) --> anthranilate, and the transferase reaction, anthranilate + 5'-phosphorylribosyl-1-pyrophosphate --> phosphoribosyl anthranilate. It is shown that anthranilate synthetase component I is activated by normal anthranilate synthetase component II, a component II(CRM) (CRM = immunologically cross-reacting material), and by a presumed fragment of component II produced by a deletion mutant. Significant differences between the complex and its subunits are demonstrated with respect to substrate affinity, thermostability, feedback inhibitor sensitivity, and activity in the presence of various divalent cations. Of particular interest are the findings that the transferase activity of component II is only inhibitable by l-tryptophan when the component is in the complex and that this inhibition does not appear to depend upon the feedback-sensitive site of component I.
108 citations
TL;DR: In melatonin sleep as in natural sleep the chickens were easily aroused by sensory stimuli both in behavior and electrographic pattern, and possible mechanisms related to sleep-inducing effects of melatonin are discussed.
Abstract: 1.
Natural sleep and waking states of young chickens were studied by polygraphic recording (EEG, EOG, EMG and ECG) together with behavioral observation. Effects of melatonin were observed.
2.
The sleep-wake periods of the chickens were analysed for three states: awake, slow wave sleep (SS) and paradoxical sleep (PS). Polygraphic characteristics of these 3 states were analogous to, though in several aspects different from, those in mammalians.
3.
The sleep states alternated irregularly at short intervals. SS usually did not last longer than 6 min without being interrupted by an episode of arousal or PS. PS appeared at irregular intervals usually lasting only 6–8 sec. Total duration of PS was 7.3±1.8% of total sleep time.
4.
Melatonin (0.01–0.06 mg/g) had a powerful sedative and hypnotic effect which appeared within 1–2 min after i. perit. injection and lasted for 30–60 min. Melatonin-induced sleep was characterized by slow EEG activity of high voltage similar to that in normal SS but with a higher incidence of 2–3 c/sec waves.
5.
Melatonin besides activating SS, delayed the appearence of the first PS episode and decreased total PS time.
6.
In melatonin sleep as in natural sleep the chickens were easily aroused by sensory stimuli both in behavior and electrographic pattern.
7.
Possible mechanisms related to sleep-inducing effects of melatonin are discussed.
105 citations
104 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the infrared absorption of poly(ethylene glycol) was measured in the molten state, and the properties of the infrared bands and Raman lines were identified based on potential energy distributions.
Abstract: The infrared absorption of poly(ethylene glycol) was measured in the molten state. Characteristic bands of the molten state were identified. Normal vibrations and frequency distributions were treated for various conformation models with CH2CH2O repeat units. The infrared absorption peaks of the molten state closely correspond to the frequency distribution peaks of the TGT conformation with gauche OCH2CH2O groups, although infrared bands due to trans OCH2CH2O groups are also observed. Vibrational assignments of the infrared bands and Raman lines were made on the basis of potential energy distributions.
102 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new orientation relationship consistent with the morphology is proposed, according to which the two halves divided by the plane of ridge can be regarded as variants of martensite as well as twins to each other.
Abstract: Thermoelastic γ' Cu–14.2A1–4.3Ni (w/o) martensite has been studied using the techniques of electron microscopy and electron diffraction, in order to explain the morphology on a microscopic scale. A plane of ridge which is frequently observed in a typical "spear-like" martensite has been identified as (121)γ' twinning plane. Further it has been shown that each half divided by the plane of ridge is internally twinned on {121}γ', other than the (121)γ' plane and each internal twin is faulted on each basal plane. A new orientation relationship consistent with the morphology is proposed, that is (110)[1]β1 //(121)[20]γ', according to which the two halves divided by the plane of ridge can be regarded as variants of martensite as well as twins to each other. This feature can be satisfied only by the new orientation relationship. Twinning nature of "spear-like" martensite is also discussed.
TL;DR: The following two articles describe how pulse labelling and hybridization experiments established that messenger RNA for the tryptophan operon is degraded in the 5′—3′ direction.
Abstract: Contrary to a previous report, messenger RNA for the tryptophan operon is degraded in the 5′—3′ direction. The following two articles describe how pulse labelling and hybridization experiments established this. In some conditions, the degradation of individual messengers starts before their synthesis is complete.
TL;DR: A high percentage of single beating cells was obtained within one day in monolayer cultures of trypsin-dispersed embryonic mouse heart cells and synchronous beating occurred even when two independently beating myocardial cells were connected through intermediate FL cells, strain cells derived from human amnion.
TL;DR: A type of cells morphologically resembling fibroblasts or Schwann cells and identical with the interstitial cells as firstly described by Cajal was studied electronmicroscopically and revealed that cell membranes of these cells make close appositions to those of all surrounding smooth muscle cells.
Abstract: A type of cells morphologically resembling fibroblasts or Schwann cells and identical with the interstitial cells as firstly described byCajal was studied electronmicroscopically. Examinations of serial sections reveal that cell membranes of these cells make close appositions (nexus) to those of all surrounding smooth muscle cells. The surfaces of these cells are also provided with nerve endings of certain axons derived from plexus myentericus. On the basis of these findings, the possible nature and function of interstitial cells are discussed.
TL;DR: The fuzzy sets of input sequences characterized by fuzzy automata constitute a distributive lattice, and the complement of the fuzzy set can be characterized by an optimistic fuzzy automaton.
TL;DR: Conduction velocities of the optic nerve (ON) in the rat were measured by recording evoked unitary discharges of postsynaptic cells to stimulation of the ON at two separate sites by calculating the velocity of ON impulses to activate a given post Synaptic cell.
TL;DR: The affinity of the K+-dependent phosphatase for K+ was increased by addition of ATP and Na+, and the properties came closer to those of the (Na+-K+)-ATPase.
TL;DR: The strain cells, FL, HeLa-S3, XX-male, NIHT6L, 3T3, Vero, BSC-1, LLCMK2, CNQ-2, 4NTH, SVT and HA-111 mediated synchronized beating of mouse embryonic myocardial cells in monolayer cultures.
TL;DR: It is shown that spermine, spermidine and putrescine stimulate aminoacyl-tRNA formation and Spermine is the most effective polyamine among those tested for this stimulation.
TL;DR: In this article, the minority carrier lifetime in gamma-irradiated silicon crystals was studied and the relationship between E a and covalent radii of the impurity atom can be experimentally expressed in linear functions.
Abstract: The minority carrier lifetime in gamma-irradiated silicon crystals was studied. In F. Z. n type crystals containing phosphorous, arsenic, antimony or bismuth, there are two annealing stages in the temperature range 100–280°C and in both stages there is strong dependency of activation energies E a and frequency factors on the atomic size of the impurity. The relationship between E a and covalent radii of the impurity atom can be experimentally expressed in linear functions. The defect which anneals in the lower temperature stage is a complex of donor atoms associated with a vacancy type defect. Si-E center anneals in the higher temperature stage and the values of activation energies completely agree with those obtained by Watkins et al. in their experiments of reorientation of donor-vacancy axis. The defects of both stages are considered to migrate to the sinks of oxygen after jumps of about 10 5 . It is very interesting to note that this study shows only one example of an impurity atom which moves with a ...
TL;DR: It is shown that if m
eq 8, 12 and m > 6 , there are some binary primitive BCH codes of length 2^{m} - 1 whose minimum weight is greater than the BCH bound.
Abstract: It is shown that if m
eq 8, 12 and m > 6 , there are some binary primitive BCH codes (BCH codes in a narrow sense) of length 2^{m} - 1 whose minimum weight is greater than the BCH bound. This gives a negative answer to the question posed by Peterson [1] of whether or not the BCH bound is always the actual minimum weight of a binary primitive BCH code. It is also shown that for any even m \geq 6 , there are some binary cyclic codes of length 2^{m} - 1 that have more information digits than the primitive BCH codes of length 2^{m} - 1 with the same minimum weight.
TL;DR: In this article, the σ-bond polarizations of quinoline N-heterocycles have been investigated and an extremely polarized σ core model has been proposed.
Abstract: In order to elucidate the electronic structure of protonated N-heterocycles, we have carried out SCF MO calculations, considering the σ-bond polarizations which are caused by the large net charge on nitrogen atom. Appropriate parametrizations of the valence state energies associated with the σ-bond polarization model have been proposed. Our calculations showed that a conventional covalent model for protonated N-heterocycles failed to explain the experimental electronic spectral data and an extremely polarized σ-core model gave quite good results in the whole. The present theory expected that the nature of electronic spectra of quinoline is considerably changed by the σ-bond polarization due to the protonation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Anderson-Appelbaum model is used to calculate the tunneling current between superconductors through the b?rrier with paramagnetic impurities, and the possible effects of the localized excited states in the energy gap on these tunneling currents are examined.
Abstract: The tunneling current between superconductors through the b?rrier with paramagnetic impurities is calculated on the Anderson-Appelbaum model. In order to investigate how the Kondo effect influences the tunneling current of single particle excitations and Josephson current, we calculate the tunneling current, on the basis of a perturbational treatment for the scattering of electrons by paramagnetic impurities. Then we examine the possible effects of the localized excited states in the energy gap on these tunneling currents, assuming that paramagnetic impurIties in the insulating barrier are classical spins.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of chemical structure, stereoregularity, pressure, and crystallization on the dielectric behavior can be explained consistently based on the above molecular mechanisms, although their behavior is modified by crystallization.
Abstract: Dielectric relaxation processes observed in solid polar polymers seem to be generally classified into three kinds. Amorphous polymers with flexible polar side groups usually show two kinds of relaxation process. The high-temperature process is attributed to the large scale conformational rearrangements of the main chains, while the low-temperature one results from the motion of side groups. We shall call the former αa relaxation and the latter β relaxation, where the subscript refers to the amorphous phase. Even in amorphous polymers without flexible side groups, two processes are observed. The molecular mechanism of high temperature one is the same as the αa relaxation. The low-temperature one is due to the “local relaxation mode” of the main chains. We shall call it also β relaxation because of the similarity of the observed characteristics. Semicrystalline polymers show two relaxation processes classified as αa and β, although their behavior is modified by crystallization. When the crystallinity is greatly increased, a third relaxation process with associated with crystalline phase appears. We shall call it αc relaxation, where the subscript means the crystalline phase. The effects of chemical structure, stereoregularity, pressure, and crystallization on the dielectric behavior can be explained consistently based on the above molecular mechanisms.
TL;DR: Temperature sensitive mutants of E. coli JE1011, not forming cell walls at 42° were isolated and the genes of four mutants were mapped and two cell wall-ts genes were located between ara and lac and the other two close to argH on the chromosomes.
TL;DR: Putreanine appears in the brain of rats 2 weeks after birth and subsequently its concentration increases for several months, and was highest in caudal regions of the brain, and the white matter of the cerebral and cerebellar cortices and the spinal cord contained more than grey Matter of the corresponding areas.
TL;DR: There are significant differences of the arginineester hydrolytic activities even in the venoms of different species of the Crotalidae and Viperidae, and the venom of Elapidae had no esterolytic activity.
TL;DR: The purified preparations appeared to contain a single component in each case as judged from ultracentrifugation and eletrophoresis on polyacrylamide or starch gels, and had similar properties with respect to pH optimum, electrophoretic mobility as well as the reactions they catalyzed.