Showing papers by "Osaka University published in 1983"
TL;DR: The FAN (fan-out-oriented test generation algorithm) is presented, which is faster and more efficient than the PODEM algorithm reported by Goel and an automatic test generation system composed of the FAN algorithm and the concurrent fault simulation.
Abstract: In order to accelerate an algorithm for test generation, it is necessary to reduce the number of backtracks in the algorithm and to shorten the process time between backtracks. In this paper, we consider several techniques to accelerate test generation and present a new test generation algorithm called FAN (fan-out-oriented test generation algorithm). It is shown that the FAN algorithm is faster and more efficient than the PODEM algorithm reported by Goel. We also present an automatic test generation system composed of the FAN algorithm and the concurrent fault simulation. Experimental results on large combinational circuits of up to 3000 gates demonstrate that the system performs test generation very fast and effectively.
821 citations
TL;DR: A needle-type glucose sensor has been developed using a platinum electrode covered with immobilized glucose oxidase using a microcomputer system and a pump driving mechanism that could maintain the daily glucose variations in diabetic dogs within the range 5–9.5 mmol/l for 7 days.
Abstract: A needle-type glucose sensor has been developed using a platinum electrode covered with immobilized glucose oxidase. Experiments with albumin-saline solution in vitro showed that at 5.5 mmol/l glucose concentration the output current generated was 1.2±0.4 nA (mean ± SD). The current increased as a linear function of glucose concentration over the range (0–27.7 mmol/l). The response time to reach 90% of the final plateau value was 16.2±6.2 s. The signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor was 15.8±2.6 decibels. The temperature coefficient in output was 2.3±1.0%/°C. The current output was not affected significantly by changes in oxygen tension of the solution in the range 25–150 mmHg.
405 citations
TL;DR: Conditions under which a subnet can be substituted for a single transition while preserving properties such as liveness and boundedness are presented.
309 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the acceptor and donor activation energies have been determined to be ∼18 meV and ∼39 meV, respectively, and the Hall mobility of the hole reaches its maximum of 6.5×10 4 cm 2 /V·sec around 20 K.
Abstract: Large single crystals of black phosphorus have been grown under high pressure, and by using the crystals, the Hall measurements have been done in a range from 4.2 K to 550 K. All the undoped samples have exhibited p -type conduction, while we have succeeded in obtaining n -type crystals by doping Te impurity. The effective acceptor concentrations N A -N D of the p -type samples and those of donor in n -type samples N D -N A have been in the range of 2∼5×10 15 cm -3 and 2∼3×10 16 cm -3 , respectively. From the intrinsic range of the conductivity, the energy gap has been estimated to be 0.335 eV, The acceptor and donor activation energies have been determined to be ∼18 meV and ∼39 meV, respectively. The Hall mobility of the hole reaches its maximum of 6.5×10 4 cm 2 /V·sec around 20 K. The anisotropies of the conductivity and the mobility along the three crystal axes have been investigated.
281 citations
TL;DR: A semiautomatic method is described for measuring, fast and accurately, the mode propagation losses of planar or channel waveguides for integrated optical circuits and it is feasible over a broad range from low loss to high loss.
Abstract: A semiautomatic method is described for measuring, fast and accurately, the mode propagation losses of planar or channel waveguides for integrated optical circuits. It involves a video camera aided by a microcomputer, and the real-time measurement is feasible over a broad range from low loss (<1 dB/cm) to high loss (of the order of 102 dB/cm). We examined the propagation properties of several optical waveguides prepared by sputtering or ion migration.
248 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a short review of the theoretical background of a physical model for the quantification of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) for surface analysis is presented, and functional representations of the backscattering factors for different angles of incidence (ψ) for primary energies ranging from 3 to 10 keV are proposed.
Abstract: A short review is presented of the theoretical background of a physical model for the quantification of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) for surface analysis. The recent studies on the data-base for the inelastic mean free paths (IMFP) by Seah and Dench and systematic calculations of the backscattering factors (R) by Shimizu and Ichimura have now enabled standard quantitative corrections comparable to those widely used in electron probe microanalysis, to be accomplished. For quantitative corrections of wider practical use, the present paper proposes the use of functional representations of the backscattering factors for different angles of incidence (ψ) for primary energies ranging from 3 to 10 keV as follows: R=1+(2.34-2.10Z0.14)×U-0.35+(2.58Z0.14-2.98) for ψ=0°, R=1+(0.462-0.777Z0.20)×U-0.32+(1.15Z0.20-1.05) for ψ=30°, R=1+(1.21-1.39Z0.13)U-0.33+(1.94Z0.131.88) for ψ=45°, where U is the ratio of the primary energy to the binding energy, and Z is the atomic number of a sample.
239 citations
TL;DR: The hypothesis that stimulation of PA by the anti-cell surface autoantibodies of pemphigus results in a localized increase in plasmin, which through proteolysis produces the loss of epidermal cohesion characteristic of p emphigu is supported.
Abstract: Binding of anti-cell surface pemphigus autoantibodies to cultured human epidermal cells stimulates synthesis and secretion of plasminogen activator (PA). Increases in PA activity were detected within 6 h of the addition of IgG and stimulation was dependent upon IgG concentration. Stimulation of PA activity was inhibited by cycloheximide, which indicates that synthesis of protein was necessary. Pharmacological doses of dexamethasone also prevented IgG-induced stimulation of PA. Electrophoretic profiles of PA secreted by cultured human epidermal cells in the presence or absence of pemphigus IgG were similar. The majority of the PA activity comigrated with the higher-molecular-weight species of human urokinase (approximately 55,000). Explants of normal human skin incubated with pemphigus vulgaris IgG displayed loss of epidermal cohesion similar to that observed in patient biopsies. The histologic changes were potentiated by the inclusion of human plasminogen. Loss of epidermal cohesion in normal skin explants incubated with pemphigus foliaceous IgG was dependent upon the addition of plasminogen and was inhibited by aprotinin or lima bean trypsin inhibitor, which indicated that plasmin is the active enzyme in producing acantholysis. These data support the hypothesis that stimulation of PA by the anti-cell surface autoantibodies of pemphigus results in a localized increase in plasmin, which through proteolysis produces the loss of epidermal cohesion characteristic of pemphigus.
234 citations
TL;DR: An optical logic array processor is constructed that can implement parallel operations of addition or subtraction for two binary variables without considering the carry mechanism, and it is shown that the proposed method can be applied to combinational circuits.
Abstract: On the basis of a lensless shadow-casting technique, a new, simple method of optically implementing digital logic gates has been developed. These gates are capable of performing a complete set of logical operations on a large array of binary variables in parallel, i.e., the pattern logics. A light-emitting diode (LED) array is used as an incoherent light source in the lensless shadow-casting system. Sixteen possible functions of two binary variables are simply realizable with these gates in parallel by controlling the switching modes of the LED’s. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of various gate arrays, such as AND, OR, NOR, XOR, and NAND. As an example of application of the proposed method, we construct an optical logic array processor that can implement parallel operations of addition or subtraction for two binary variables without considering the carry mechanism. Use of the light-modulated LED array means that the proposed method can be applied to combinational circuits.
223 citations
TL;DR: Extrinsic and intrinsic fiber connections of the telencephalic subdivisions of Nieuwenhuys (1962) in a teleost, Sebastiscus marmoratus, were studied by means of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and Fink‐Heimer methods.
Abstract: Extrinsic and intrinsic fiber connections of the telencephalic subdivisions of Nieuwenhuys ('62) in a teleost, Sebastiscus marmoratus, were studied by means of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and Fink-Heimer methods. The olfactory bulb projects bilaterally to area dorsalis pars posterior, area ventralis pars ventralis, pars lateralis, pars posterior, pars intermedia, and the nucleus posterior tuberis of Peter et al. ('75) and receives fibers from ipsilateral area dorsalis pars centralis, pars posterior, area ventralis pars dorsalis, and pars supracommissuralis. Area dorsalis pars posterior sends numerous fibers to the ipsilateral ventral region of area dorsalis pars medialis, from which fibers of the medial forebrain bundle arise and terminate in the inferior lobe and nucleus posterior tuberis. Area dorsalis pars lateralis, pars dorsalis, and the dorsal region of pars medialis are the main targets of extratelencephalic ascending afferents. Area dorsalis pars lateralis receives fibers from the ipsilateral nucleus prethalamicus of Meader ('34), where tectal projections terminate massively. Area dorsalis pars dorsalis and the dorsal region of pars medialis receive afferents from the ipsilateral nucleus preglomerulosus of Schnitzlein ('62), nucleus posterior tuberis, area preoptica pars medialis of Crosby and Showers ('69), and nucleus entopeduncularis of Sheldon ('12). Raphe nuclei and locus ceruleus project bilaterally to area dorsalis pars centralis, pars dorsalis, pars lateralis, and the dorsal region of pars medialis. Area dorsalis pars centralis, pars dorsalis, and the dorsal region of pars medialis are important sources of extratelencephalic efferents. These subdivisions give rise to the lateral forebrain bundle and project to the ipsilateral nucleus prethalamicus, nucleus preglomerulosus, inferior lobe, nucleus paracommissuralis of Ito et al. ('82), optic tectum, torus semicircularis, and the bilateral mesencephalic tegmentum. Within the telencephalon, most of the ventral subdivisions project to ipsilateral area dorsalis pars centralis, pars dorsalis, pars lateralis, and the dorsal region of pars medialis. Area dorsalis pars centralis has reciprocal connections with ipsilateral area dorsalis pars lateralis, pars dorsalis, pars posterior, and the dorsal region of pars medialis. A dorsal part of the anterior commissure is composed of axons of the ventral region of area dorsalis pars medialis destined to the contralateral ventral region of area dorsalis pars medialis. A ventral part of the anterior commissure contains axons of area dorsalis pars centralis destined to contralateral area dorsalis pars lateralis.
219 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Coulomb interaction was proposed as a possible mechanism of the bond-weakening in Si-LSI interfaces, which is based on the channeling effect of MeV He + ions.
208 citations
TL;DR: HDCI-like immunoreactive structures could be detected in the brain as well as in peritoneal mast cells and basal-granulated cells in deep crypts of the gastric mucosa of rats.
TL;DR: In this article, the growth behavior of a short fatigue crack near the notch tip was analyzed based on crack closure measurements, and a quantitative method was proposed for predicting the non-propagating crack length and the fatigue limit of notched specimens as a function of the applied stress and the notch geometry.
Abstract: — Sharply notched specimens of a structural low-carbon steel were fatigued under several ratios of the maximum to minimum loads. The growth behavior of a short fatigue crack near the notch tip was analyzed based on crack closure measurements. A fatigue crack first decelerates with increasing crack length, and then accelerates or becomes non-propagating depending on the applied stress. A similar deceleration is seen when the rate is correlated to the stress intensity range. The effective stress intensity range is a unique parameter in correlating the growth rate of a short crack for all the stress levels examined, and the relation is identical to that obtained for a long crack. By considering the increase in crack closure with crack length, a quantitative method is proposed for predicting the non-propagating crack length and the fatigue limit of notched specimens as a function of the applied stress and the notch geometry.
TL;DR: The results demonstrated that IL-2, BCGF, and BCDF were different molecules and acceptors specific for the each molecule are present on the each target cell.
Abstract: Human T hybridomas secreting B cell growth factors (BCGF) and B cell differentiation factor (BCDF) have been established. Hybrid clones 77-A, 94-C, and 98-F secreted BCGF that induced proliferation of anti-IgM-stimulated normal B cells. The culture supernatant from 77-A cells could also maintain continuous proliferation of colony-forming B cells, but the factor from 94-C could not. The addition of the supernatant from 94-C cells to that from 77-A cells, however, synergistically augmented the proliferation of colony-forming B cells, demonstrating the existence of two distinct kinds of BCGF and the synergism between them. These supernatants, however, showed no interleukin 2 (IL-2) or BCDF activity. A hybrid clone, 90-E, secreted BCDF. The culture supernatant induced Ig production in Cowan I-stimulated normal B cells or in a transformed B cell line, CESS. However, the supernatant had no BCGF or IL-2 activity. Anti-Ig-stimulated B cells, but not IL-2-dependent T cells, absorbed BCGF activity and CESS cells absorbed BCDF activity but not BCGF activity in the culture supernatants from T hybridomas. Taken collectively, the results demonstrated that IL-2, BCGF, and BCDF were different molecules and acceptors specific for the each molecule are present on the each target cell.
TL;DR: In 8 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatectomy was performed after hepatic artery embolization with Gelfoam, and complete necrosis of the tumor was found in 4 of these cases.
Abstract: In 8 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatectomy was performed after hepatic artery embolization with Gelfoam. Complete necrosis of the tumor was found in 4 of these cases. Compared with the tumors that showed incomplete necrosis, the tumor in the complete necrosis group were small, thickly encapsulated, and located at sites remote from collateral circulation. Angiography and computed tomography after embolization accurately demonstrated tumor necrosis or continued viability, as confirmed by examination of resected specimens.
TL;DR: Electron microscopic observation showed that the basal surface was composed of cells with numerous slender villi and cytoplasmic projections, and although the intercellular spaces of the spinous as well as the basal layers were wide, all desmosomes were intact with their accompanying tonofilaments.
Abstract: Dispase is a bacterial neutral protease which is obtained from the culture filtrate of Bacillus polymyxa. After 24-h treatment of the human skin with 500 and 1000 U/ml dispase, the epidermal sheet was easily peeled from the dermis, and its undersurface retained rete ridges. Electron microscopic observation showed that the basal surface was composed of cells with numerous slender villi and cytoplasmic projections. Although the intercellular spaces of the spinous as well as the basal layers were wide, all desmosomes were intact with their accompanying tonofilaments. An epidermal cell suspension was obtained by incubating the dispase-separated epidermal sheet in trypsin solution for 15 min and the viability of the cells was more than 95% as measured by the trypan blue dye exclusion test. A culture of keratinocytes was established by seeding the dissociated cells in the usual way.
TL;DR: It was shown that the umu operon is inducible by UV and chemical mutagens, and is regulated by the recA and lexA genes.
TL;DR: In this paper, a demagnifying focusing mirror-monochromator optics has been designed and constructed for time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies of biological substances.
TL;DR: This review is concerned with results of research carried out in the last two decades regarding visual pathways and centers in teleosts and a general diagram of the teleostean visual system is presented.
TL;DR: In this article, a modified Raney nickel (RNi) with optically active compounds has been investigated and it is endowed with the new function of enantio-face-differentiation (asymmetric) in addition to the function of hydrogenation.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Metal catalysts can be endowed with various new properties by a simple chemical treatment This catalyst with the new property is called a modified catalyst Among the modified catalysts, Raney nickel (RNi) modified with optically active compounds has the longest history of investigation and has been the most systematically studied By modification with optically active compounds, the RNi is endowed with the new function of enantiofacedifferentiation (asymmetric) in addition to the function of hydrogenation So, the RNi modified with an optically active compound can catalyze an enantioface-differentiating (asymmetric) hydrogenation For instance, RNi modified with an optically active amino acid or hydroxyl acid hydrogenates methyl acetoacetate (MAA) to produce optically active methyl 3-hydroxybutyrate (MHB) The chapter discusses the history of discovery and development of MRNi, profile of MRNi in hydrogenation, profile of MRNi in stereo-differentiation, surface conditions, mechanism of enantio-differentiation, and characterization of catalyst by modifying technique
TL;DR: In this article, the fracture initiation characteristics under general combination of the opening mode, sliding mode and tearing mode were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. And the experimental fracture strengths were compared with those predicted by the fracture criteria which are represented in terms of: (1) maximum tangential stress, [σgq]max, extended to general combined modes, (2) maximum energy release rate at the propagation of a small kinked crack, [Gk(γ)]max, and (3) newly derived maximum EE at the initiation of an EH burst, [
TL;DR: The overall cumulative survival rate was nearly the same in both groups (55% at 5 years), although some difference was noted in each stage, and the local control rate was higher in the high- dose-rate group; however, the complication rate was also higher in this group than in the low-dose- rate group.
Abstract: From September, 1974 through December, 1979, a total of 249 patients with carcinoma of the cervix uteri Stage IIb and III were randomly allocated to either remotely controlled high-dose-rate intracavitary radiotherapy or manual afterloading low-dose-rate therapy, with radiotherapy of 20 Gy in 2 weeks to Point A to whole pelvis and 40 Gy in 4 weeks to the parametria. The dose to Point A by intracavitary radiotherapy was 40-60 Gy with one or two fractions in the low-dose-rate group and 30 Gy for the high-dose-rate group by 3 fractions with a once a week schedule. The purpose of this paper is to compare the results between the groups and to clarify the problems in the high-dose-rate group clinically. The local control rate was higher in the high-dose-rate group; however, the complication rate was also higher in this group than in the low-dose-rate group. The dose schedule and the place of rectal dose measurement is discussed. The overall cumulative survival rate was nearly the same in both groups (55% at 5 years), although some difference was noted in each stage. The most common cause of death was distant metastasis outside the pelvis and the second most common was intercurrent disease in Stage IIb and local failure in Stage III.
TL;DR: In this paper, a secondary battery utilizing polythiophene films as cathode and anode active materials in an electrolyte of TBABF4/MeCN was studied, and the cell potential, energy density and maximum power density were observed to be 3.1 V, 93 Wh/kg and 89 kW/kg, respectively.
Abstract: A secondary battery utilizing polythiophene films as cathode and anode active materials in an electrolyte of TBABF4/MeCN is studied. The cell potential, energy density and maximum power density (based on the weight of cathode and anode films) are observed to be 3.1 V, 93 Wh/kg and 89 kW/kg, respectively, for the dopant concentration of 24 mol%.
01 Mar 1983
TL;DR: Lipase from Candida cylindracea was immobilized by entrapment with photo-crosslinkable resin prepolymers or urethane prepolymer, and by covalent binding or by adsorption to different types of porous inorganic or organic supports to show some activity for hydrolysis of olive oil.
Abstract: Lipase from Candida cylindracea was immobilized by entrapment with photo-crosslinkable resin prepolymers or urethane prepolymers, and by covalent binding or by adsorption to different types of porous inorganic or organic supports. All of the immobilized lipase preparations thus obtained showed some activity for hydrolysis of olive oil. Lipase entrapped with a hydrophobic photo-cross-linkable resin prepolymer exhibited the highest activity, which was about 30% of that of the free counterpart. Entrapment method enabled lipase to gain operational stability. Semicontinuous hydrolysis of olive oil using immobilized lipase was also accomplished in a packed-bed reactor with a recycling system. In this reactor, immobilized lipase was observed to have the sufficient activity and stability.
TL;DR: Results indicate that Ca2+-dependent ATPase and calcium transport of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum are regulated by phospholamban phosphorylation catalyzed by cyclic AMP- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, thus suggesting a dual role of phosphol amban in active calcium transport.
TL;DR: It was concluded that the antitumor potency of schizophyllan in water is related to the amount of triple helices relative to that of single chains.
TL;DR: Two groups of calmodulin-binding proteins associated with membranes as the major member of the submembranous cytoskeleton and brain microtubules and spectrin-like proteins, collectively referred to as flip-flop switch proteins, are studied.
TL;DR: The crystal structure of ferricytochrome c from rice embryos has been solved by X-ray diffraction to a resolution of 2.0 A, applying a single isomorphous replacement method with anomalous scattering effects.
TL;DR: A heat‐stable enterotoxin produced by a strain of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli 18D was purified by ion‐exchange and reversed‐phase high‐pressure liquid chromatography and the amino acid sequence was determined by Edman‐degradation and a combination of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and carboxypeptidase digestion.
TL;DR: More experimental evidence for a two‐phase model, which is based on degradation of cellulose by simultaneous actions of cellulase complex on the crystalline and amorphous phases, has been obtained and the mode of cellul enzyme action and a possible reaction mechanism are proposed.
Abstract: The effects of structural properties and their changes during cellulose hydrolysis on the enzymatic hydrolysis rate have been studied from the reaction mechanism point of view. Important findings are the following: (1) The crystallinity index (CrI) of partially crystalline cellulose increases as the hydrolysis reaction proceeds, and a significant slowing down of the reaction rate during the enzymatic hydrolysis is, in large part, attributable to this structural change of cellulose substrate. (2) The crystallinity of completely disordered cellulose, like phosphoric-acid-treated cellulose, does not change significantly, and a relatively high hydrolysis rate is maintained during hydrolysis. (3) The specific surface area (SSA) of partially crystalline cellulose decreases significantly during enzymatic hydrolysis while the change in SSA of regenerated cellulose is found to be negligible. (4) The value of degree of polymerization (DP) of highly ordered crystalline cellulose remains practically constant whereas the change in DP of disordered regenerated cellulose is found to be very significant. (5) Combination of these structural effects as well as cellulase adsorption, product inhibition, and cellulase deactivation all have important influence on the rate of cellulase reaction during cellulose hydrolysis. More experimental evidence for a two-phase model, which is based on degradation of cellulose by simultaneous actions of cellulase complex on the crystalline and amorphous phases, has been obtained. Based on experimental results from this study and other results accumulated, the mode of cellulase action and a possible reaction mechanism are proposed.