Showing papers by "Oswaldo Cruz Foundation published in 1971"

Phlebotominae brasileiros: II - Psychodopygus wellcomei, nova espécie antropófila de flebótomo do grupo squamiventris, do Sul do Estado do Pará, Brasil (Diptera, Psychodidae)

Abstract: Psychodopygus wellcomei n. sp. (Diptera, Psychodidae) is described from southern Para, Brazil. The male genitalia are complex and can easily be distinguished from those of closely related species. The females are similar to those of other members of the squamiventris group, but are characterised by the nature of the spermathecal ducts, the number of vertical teeth in the cibarium, and the length of 3rd antenal segment. The authors confirm that material from Amapa, identified by previous workers as P. squamiventris, belongs to a separate species, P. maripaensis. The authors consider that P. wellcomei may be important as a vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis to man, as it was the commonest anthropophilic species in a highly endemic area and bit man avidily both at night and during the day.

Catálogo sistemático dos pólens das plantas arbóreas do Brasil Meridional: XII - Palmae

Abstract: The pollinic morphology of seven palm-tree species which occur in the subtropical ombrophilous forest in southern Brazil have been examined. Emphasis have been put in the study of the exine stratification in relation to the superficial aspect of the pollen. The presence of nexine 1 in Butia and the lack of this layer in the other genera, agrees with the taxonomic sub-division of the family, as well as with the ecological distribution of the species here studied.

Toxoplasmose em primatas não humanos: I - Infecções naturais em Macacca Mulatta e Cebus Apella

Abstract: This paper dels with natural Toxoplasma infection of Macacca mulatta and Cebus apella. Both monkeys died after a short period of disease and had been infected in captivity, the first one in the laboratory, probably from other mammals with experimental toxoplasmosis, and the second one in its master´s house in one of the suburbs of the city of Rio de Janeiro, where it used to eat raw meat. In this there are living other monkeys, amongst them 2 Cebus libidinosus (a couple) presenting positive Sabin-Feldman reaction (1:64) as well as the monkeys'ward. The two monkeys'histopathological examination demonstrated necrotic lesions in the liver and the spleen, and these lesions presented toxoplasmes either free or intracellular, single or associated in moderate numbers. In the Cebus there existed necrotic lesions as well as parasites in the adrenals. In the encephalous we found moderate lesions without toxoplasmes. Severe peneumonia was found in both monkyes, but only in the Cebus'lung there were seen toxoplasmes. The Cebus also had Sarcocystis in the heart. A review of natural infections of non-human Primates by Toxoplasma was made. During more than 60 years there have been described spontaneous toxoplasmosis in 31 individuals of 18 species: 3 Prosimii, 10 Platyrrhinus and 5 Catharrhinus. The low frequency of spontaneous Toxoplasma infection in the Platyrrhinus may be due to the fact that they are easier be demesticated and thus their alimentary habts are changed.

[Toxoplasmosis in nonhuman primates. II. Attempts at experimental infection in Macacca mulata, Cebus apella and Callithrix jacchus; and search for antibodies in several species of platyrrhinus].

Abstract: After a review of the experimental toxoplasmosis in non human primates we have reported our unsuccessful tentatives to provoke acute and fatal disease in 2 Macacca mulatta, an infant male and an young female, by inoculation and reinoculation of a human strain from congenital toxoplasmosis, using several routse and massive dosis and with the ministration of corticosteroids. We did not succeed in inducing fatal disease in an adult female Cebus apella by peritoneal and subcutaneous routes. However, the toxoplasmosis infection in these 3 monkeys was comproved by fever (39 to 41oC), by the positivity of the Sabin-Feldman reaction (1:64 and 1:256) and by the isolation of the toxoplasmes from mice inoculated with material of the Cebus. On the other hand, in a Callithrix jacchus by peritoneal route, we have provoked severe and fatal disease with necrotic foci in the lever and spleen both plenty of parasites, and isolation of toxoplasmes from mice inoculated with material of this monkey. From 54 New World monkeys submeted to the dye test, with the exception of a Saimiri sciureu that reacted at 1:16 title, all of them were negative. An analysis of the problem toxoplasmosis-non human primates, based in the bibliography and in our observation (see the anterior paper too) agree with the following conclusions: a) in its natural habitat the non human primates are not exposed to Toxoplasma infection. This fact must be related to its arboreal habits and vegetarian and insectivorous feeding; b) the described cases of spontaneous toxoplasmosis in monkeys are related to animals in cages; and at this very condition the natural infection of the catharrhinus monkeys presented a great resistence to the experimental toxoplasmosis and these resistence is not due to circulating antibodies. These resistence seems to be not broken by the ministration of corticosteroids. However these resistence is broken sometimes by massive dosis of parasites and generally in the young animals; d) these resistence is smaller in the platyrrhinus monkeys and it seems to be absent in the inferior platyrrhinus and in the Prosimii.

Lankesterella alencari n. sp., a toxoplasma-like organism in the central nervous system of Amphibia (Protozoa, Sporozoa)

Abstract: Lankesterella alencari n. sp. a Sporozoa that occur in the blood and CNS of the South American frog Leptodactylus acellatus is described. Since the tissue forms of this parasite have been previously reported as belonging to the genus Toxoplasma, we attempted in fection of 2 species of amphibia (Bufo marinus an dLeptodactylus ocellatus) with a Toxoplasma strain of human origen; inoculation was by intraperitoneal injection of parasite-containing ascitic fluid from infected mice. Attempt of experimental inoculation of the parasite found in the CNS of L. ocellatus in a highly susceptible host (mice) was unsuccessful. These results suggest that Toxoplasma does not occur naturally in the amphibia; be related to Toxoplasma is excluded. The following genera of haematozoa found in brazilian amphibia have been considered briedfly: Haemobartonella, Cytamoeba, Dactylosoma, Hepatozoon and Trypanosoma.

Algumas diatomáceas encontradas em bromeliáceas, Brasil

Abstract: For the first time the Diatom flora of Bromeliaceae was investigated in the States of Rio de Janeiro and Guanabara. A total of 35 species was determined from 32 samples collected in Bromeliaceae of the genus Conistrum, Vriesia and Billbergia. Some ecological factors are also here considered.

Gotocotyla travassosi sp. n., gastrocotilideo de brânquias de enchova (Polistomata)

Abstract: In this paper a new species of the genus Gotocotyla Ishii, 1936, is described It differs from the known ones by the form of the ovary

Catálogo sistemático dos pólens das plantas arbóreas do Brasil Meridional: X - Proteables

Abstract: Proteaceae polln grains from the southern Brazilian subtropical ombrophilous forest are studied. It is possible to distinguish the three genera by their pollen morphology, but in relation to species separation, it is impossible for Roupala, where only groups of species may be established.

Anatomy and histology of Embolyntha batesi MacLahlan, 1877 (Embiidina)

Abstract: The Embioptera are rather generalized insects whose internal anatomy is simple and not subject to great modifications. For this reason these insects form an ideal group for elementary anatomical and histological studies (fig. 2). The digestive tract is a long, simple tube without convolutions or diverticulae from the buccal cavity to the rectum. The buccal structures are of the chewing type. The oesophagus and ingluvia are differentiated only by slight dilation of their walls. In nymphs and females the proventriculus is very distinct due to folds which flatten as the structure becomes packed with food. The enteron is the largest in such forms and in both sexes limited caudally by the Malpighian tubules. The proctodeus has six large rectal papillae. The nervous system is complete with only the fifth abdominal segment lacking a ganglion in the metathorax includes the ganglion of the first abdominal segment. The brain exhibits very clear structure in histological sections. The tracheal system includes two pairs of thoracic spiracles and eight abdominal pairs. Only th metathoracic spiracle has an air expiration function; all others serve for inspiration. Various structures in the spiracles protect the atrium. The circulatory system includes a long, simple dorsal vessel which extends forward from the ninth abdominal segment into the cranium. It opens anteriorly near the circumoesophageal connectives. The dorsal vessel has a pair of ostia and valves corresponding to each abdominal and thoracic segment. It lacks the diverticulae or folds commonly found in more highly evolved insects. The excretory system is represented by Malphighian tubules, pericardial cells, and fat-body. The number and disposition of Malpighian tubules is variable within the order. The pericardial cells are localized around the entire dorsal vessel up to the opening of the aorta in the head. The fat-bodies form compact layers in the dorsal and ventral regions of the body. In males they are more developed in the abdominal region. The mandibles, maxillae, and salivary glands are of a simple type with very few cytological modifications. Only the salivary glands which extend into the mesothoracic region show appreciable specialization. The reproductive system is bi-sixual and shows considerable sexual dimorphism. Males have five pair of testes with a metameric disposition, two distinct ducts, two epidymis, and the ejaculatory organs. The accessory glands vary in number and size and open in the anterior portion of the ejaculatory duct. The female reproductive organs are of the panoistic type. The system includes five pairs of ovarioles, two long paired oviducts a small, unpaired oviduct and the spermatheca which opens in the vagina. Reproduction usually involves a union of male and female gametes, and eggs are usually laid in clusters attached to a substrate.

Catálogo sistemático dos pólens das plantas arbóreas do Brasil Meridional: IX - Complemento à parte VII: Cuphea (Lythraceae)

Abstract: In addition to Part VII (Lythraceae) of our "Catalog" we have strudied the pollen morphology from six species of genus Cuphea, from State Santa Catarina, south of Brazil. These species present 4 different pollinic types; C. calophylla, C. mesostemon and C. racemosa are together in the same morphological group.

Sôbre uma nova espécie do gênero Lecithochirium Luehe, 1901: (Trematoda, Hemiuroidea)

Abstract: In this paper a new species of the genus Lecithochirium Luehe, 1901, is described. To simplify the study of this genus, we divided it in 3 groups according principally to the relation among the suckers. L. manteri sp. n., comes nearest to L. texanum, L. priacanthi, and L. microstomum, but differes mainly from them by the great size of the suckers, pharynx and eggs.

Sôbre um Nematódeo spirurídeo parasito de Bradypus Tridactylus L

Abstract: The genus Paraleiuris has a single species P. lochii Vaz & Pereira, 1929. The new species here described is different from it mainly by the aspect of the bucal capsule which is rectangular and its longer spicule differs in size and form.

Sôbre o aparecimento de resistência múltipla aos antibióticos e quimioterápicos em amostras de Shigelas isoladas no Rio de Janeiro

Abstract: The appearence of Shigella with multiple resistance to drugs, turned up in Rio de Janeiro with identical gravity to that already resistance in other countries. In the period 1950-1959, in 51 strains tested, 9,8% showed infectious resistance to one and various drugs, while in the period 1960-1969, the percentage, rose to 21,3% in 61 strains. Of 112 strains of Shigella tested, 74 were flexneri, 20 sonnei and 18 dysenteriae, is being noted the predominance of resistance to, 3,4 and 5 drugs in conjunction with the others in the fexneri group.

Estudo sôbre a esporulação de uma amostra de Bacillus: II - Importância dos íons Mn e Mg na indução do processo

Abstract: It was verified that sporogenesis in B. licheniformis, strain 2390, occurs only when Mn[2+] or Mg[2+] is present in a synthetic medium in the rates of 0,1mg% or 1,0 mg%. Both these ions stimulate the growth of the culture and after 14 days of incubation, endopores and free-spores were found in the medium, in which metals concentrations were of 0,1 mg%. Using higher concentrations of Mn[2+] or Mg[2+] such as 1,0mg%, free-spores were obtained after 10 days incubation. Other ions tested like, Ca[2+], Fe[2+], Co[2+], Cu[2+], Mo[6+], Zn[2+] and B[3+] did not influence the process. Co[2+] and Cu[2+] were toxic, inhibiting culture's growth. The ion Ca[2+] seemed not to interfere in sporogenesis, but was able to inhibit culture's growth at a concentration of 3,0 mg%. Correlation between the rate of glucose and the time of sporogenesis of B. licheniformis was found in strain 2390, when Mn[2+] was 1,0 mg%. The critical glucose concentration was about 12,5% of the total amount added initially to the culture media. The author also suggests the possibility of dipicolinic acid synthesis being activated by Mn[2+] and Mg[2+].

Panencefalite subaguda esclerosante: transmissão de agente encefalitogênico humano ao macaco rhesus

Abstract: Material proveniente do cerebro de um paciente com "panencefalite subaguda esclerosante" foi inoculado, por via intracerebral, em dois Macacus rhesus. Os animais permaneceram assintomaticos, aparentemente bem, por mais de um ano. Entretanto, 21 e 22 meses apos as inoculacoes comecaram a apresentar sinais de comprometimento neurologico, traduzido por paralisia dos membros posteriores, com apatia e caquexia progressivas. Os animais foram sacrificados. O exame histopatologico do sistema nervoso central mostrou gliose marginal e gliose da substância branca, com os neuronios exibindo sinais de "lesao celular cronica". Foram vistos discretos manguitos inflamatorios perivasculares. Em um animal foi encontrada inclusao acidofila intra- nuclear. Havia tambem proliferacao da glia satelite perineuronal, com satelitose, notadamente no tronco cerebral. No exame das visceras foi encontrado discreto processo de miocardite cronica. Foram retirados fragmentos dos encefalos destes animais e inoculados em 4 outros, tambem por via intracerebral. Estes animais de 2.a passagem apos 2 meses de inoculacao, em media, apresentaram sinais de comprometimento do sistema nervoso central semelhante ao dos animais doadores, de 1a passagem. Houve, portanto, um encurtamento do periodo de inoculacao da molestia. Estes animais tambem foram sacrificados, sendo encontradas gliose marginal, gliose da substância branca, "lesao celular cronica" neuronal e proliferacao da glia satelite, notadamente no tronco cerebral; vasos sanguineos congestos; espongiose cortical. Os animais testemunhas, do mesmo lote, permaneceram normais. Acreditamos que as lesoes observadas nos animais de 1.a passagem, e que se repetiram com maior intensidade e com menor tempo de incubacao nos de 2.a passagem somente podem ser explicadas admitindo-se a existencia de um agente virai que, pela natureza do quadro histopatologico (gliose, "lesao celular cronica" neuronal e espongiose cortical) bem como pelo periodo longo de incubacao, deva pertencer ao grupo dos chamados virus lentos.

Aspectos histopatológicos da encefalite aguda toxoplásmica: (humana e experimental)

Abstract: A histopathologic study of two cases of acute human toxoplasmic encephalitis are reported, showing: a) the distribution of the inflamatory infiltrates, clearly in connection with the vascular network; b) the cellular constitution of the inflamatory infiltrates and peri-vascular cuffs and their histogenesis. The results are considered and compared with experimental material from rabbits.

Vorgaenge im Oozytenkern von Nasutitermes sp

Abstract: In this report, there are represented the events in the generative nuclei of the termite Nasutitermes sp., beginning with the youngest oogonium in the germarium up to the mature, but not yet fecundated egg in the oviduct, considerating Syntermes dirus like comparative species. The principal results are the following; 1. The germarium and the terminal filament are separated from each other by a wall of conjunctive tissue, sowing that the central series of nuclei of th filament has nothing to do with the generative nuclei of the germarium. 2. The growing to the oogonia, oozytes, nuclei and nucleoli is represented in figure 32. In the nuclei of the oogonia occur the typical modification of the chromatine of a meiotic division up to the state of tetrades. During these events, the nucleolus suffers only little important modifications; it remains present during all the occurrences of prophase and continuates its growing in the same proportion like the nucleous during the dissolution of the tetrades (tab. 2). 4. The nucleous is not dissolved on the end of the production of yolk, to be newly reformed, later on, in a peripherical situatio, as described by other authors; in all stages up to the mature egg in the oviduct it may be observed with all its characteristics. 5. It is supposed that the preasynaptic occurrences in the nucleolus and its premanence during synapsis and postsynapsis suppress the expected formation of a meiotic fuse.