Showing papers by "Oswaldo Cruz Foundation published in 1974"
TL;DR: Prevalence of antibody to herpesvirus types 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, varicella and hepatitis B antigen was very high in every tribe studied, suggesting that the parasite present in these communities was well adapted to its host.
Abstract: Black, F. L. (Dept. of Epidemiology and Public Health, Vale University School of Medicine, 60 College Street, New Haven, Conn. 065101, W. J. Hierholzer, F. deP. Pinheiro, A. S. Evans, J. P. Woodall, E. M. Opton, J. E. Emmons, B. S. West, G. Edsall, W. G. Downs and G. D. Wallace. Evidence for persistence of infectious agents in isolated human populations. Am J Epidemio! 100 :230-250, 1974.-More than 900 members of three Carib and four Kayapo Indian tribes, living on the periphery of the Amazon basin, have been studied for immunity to various viral, bacterial and protozoal agents. These tribes are isolated from the main Brazilian culture, and severa I had remained hostile and dependent on stone tools until less than 10 years prior to the study. The prevalence of antibodies to herpesvirus types 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, varicella and hepatitis B antigen was very high in every tribe studied. The age of acquisition of immunity was lower than in previously studied cosmopolitan communities. These agents seem to maintain a very stable relation with their host populations. Antibodies to measles, mumps, rubella, influenza Ao, A2 and B, parainfluenza 1., 2 and 3 and poliovirus 1 were nearly or totally absent from one or more tribes. When these antibodies were found in anyone who had not been outside the tribial area, they were usually found in nearly everyone over a specific age. These agents seem to maintain an unstable relation with their hosts, appearing only when introduced from the outside and then disappearing again. There was no evidence of smallpox in any tribe. Antibodies to the arboviruses (yellow fever viruses, Ilheus, and Mayarol were found with high frequency in certain areas. Prevalence of antibody to these viruses increased gradually with age, suggesting endemicitv of a different arder from that of the herpes group viruses. Antibody to Toxoplasma was absent from children but was frequently present in older adults. Antibody to treponema had a very high prevalence in the Kayapo tribes 'without evidence of pathology, suggesting that the parasite present in these communities was well adapted to its host. Malaria and tuberculosis, on the other hand, caused extensive and severe morbidity and
150 citations
TL;DR: The haemorrhagic syndrome of Altamira has been reported in the Transamazon region of Brazil since 1972 as discussed by the authors, which is characterized by localised and disseminated cutaneous haemorrrhages, associated with mucosal bleeding in 32% of patients.
15 citations
TL;DR: The authors redescribe Thubunaea dactyluris Karve, 1938 in a new host in Brazil; this is the first reference of this genus in Brazil.
Abstract: In this paper the authors redescribe Thubunaea dactyluris Karve, 1938 in a new host; this is the first reference of this genus in Brazil. The nematodes were recovered from the stomach of Ameiva ameiva (L.), from Anil Beach, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The authors studied eight males and ten females. Nine figures and one measurement table are presented, showing all these variations.
9 citations
TL;DR: The occurrence of hemogregarines in the blood of Brazilian toads has displayed very scarce; only one specimen of B. crucifer from Manguinhos (Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara) was infected and the blood forms that were found were intraerythrocytic, averaging 10,8 by 3,6µ; the forms did not differenciate them as thophozoites or as gametocytes and this fact is discussed.
Abstract: The occurrence of hemogregarines in the blood of Brazilian toads that we have examined (Bufo crucifer, B. Marinus and Melanophryniscus moreirae) has displayed very scarce; only one specimen of B. crucifer from Manguinhos (Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara) was infected. The blood forms that we found were intraerythrocytic, averaging 10,8 by 3,6µ; we did not differenciate them as thophozoites or as gametocytes and we discuss this fact. The infected erythrocytes were not hypertrophied and their nucleus was normal and sometimes displaced. We think that it is the first reference to hemogregarines in this host. We did not evidence identity among the forms that we described and those reported in other species of toads; we give a list of hemogregarines found in those hosts. We provisorily named the parasites that we found Haemogregarina "sensu lato", until new data about their life cycle become known.
6 citations
TL;DR: During the period between 1962 to 1971 were identified 164 strains of Salmonella isolated from faeces on infants and adults, with or without intestinal symptoms, the serotypes most frequently isolated were Typhimurium Newport, Anatum and Thompson.
Abstract: During the period between 1962 to 1971 were identified 164 strains of Salmonella isolated from faeces on infants and adults, with or without intestinal symptoms. All the patients examined living in Rio de Janeiro city. The results obtained in the serological classification of the se cultures, showed a predomination of Salmonella enteritidis belonging to serogroup B. The serotypes most frequently isolated were Typhimurium Newport, Anatum and Thompson.
6 citations
TL;DR: The efficiency, simplicity and low operational cost, provded by the method, make it feasible to study viral pollution of recreational and tap-water sources.
Abstract: Quantitative method of viral pollution determination for large volume of water using ferric hydroxide gel impregnated on the surface of glassfibre cartridge filter. The use of ferric hydroxide gel, impregnated on the surface of glassfibre cartridge filter enable us to recover 62.5% of virus (Poliomylitis type I, Lsc strain) exsogeneously added to 400 liters of tap-water. The virus concentrator system consists of four cartridge filters, in which the three first one are clarifiers, where the contaminants are removed physically, without significant virus loss at this stage. The last cartridge filter is impregnated with ferric hydroxide gel, where the virus is adsorbed. After the required volume of water has been processed, the last filter is removed from the system and the viruses are recovered from the gel, using 1 liter of glycine/NaOH buffer, at pH 11. Immediately the eluate is clarified through series of cellulose acetate membranes mounted in a 142mm Millipore filter. For the second step of virus concentration, HC1 1N is added slowly to the eluate to achieve pH 3.5-4. MgC1, is added to give a final concentration of 0.05M and the viruses are readsorbed on a 0.45 , porosity (HA) cellulose acetate membrane, mounted in a 90 mm Millipore filter. The viruses are recovered using the same eluent plus 10% of fetal calf serum, to a final volume of 3 ml. In this way, it was possible to concentrate virus from 400 liters of tap-water, into 1 liter in the first stage of virus concentration and just to 3 ml of final volume in a second step. The efficiency, simplicity and low operational cost, provded by the method, make it feasible to study viral pollution of recreational and tap-water sources.
6 citations
TL;DR: The authors study some helminths recovered from 5 samples of Dryadophis bifossatus (Raddi) and give a new host record for Oochoristica vanzolinii Rego e Rodrigues, 1965 nad Paradistomum parvissimum Travassos, 1919.
Abstract: The authors study some helminths recovered from 5 samples of Dryadophis bifossatus (Raddi). For Oochoristica vanzolinii Rego e Rodrigues, 1965 nad Paradistomum parvissimum (Travassos, 1918) Travassos, 1919, they give a new host record. They only refer Infidum similis Travassos, 1916 as well as redescribe and add new drawings when dealing with Kalicephalus costatus costatus (Rudolphi, 1819) Schad, 1962.
5 citations
5 citations
TL;DR: In this paper the authors redescribe and retify the original description of Acanthorhabdias Pereira, 1927 in a new host and retification of the original descriptions.
Abstract: In this paper the authors redescribe Acanthorhabdias Acanthorhabdias Pereira, 1927 in a new host and retify the original description.
4 citations
TL;DR: The authors present a classification key for the species under Lepidapedon (Lepidapedoides) Yamaguti, 1970 and a complete description and original drawings of L. manteri Hafeezullah, 1970, and disagree about the proposition of the type species of the subgenus.
Abstract: In this paper the authors discuss the systematical position of the species under Lepidapedon (Lepidapedoides) Yamaguti, 1970, as well as refer it for the first time in Brasil. They transfer to this subgenus L. hancocki manter, 1940; L. longevesiculum hafeezullah, 1970 and L. manteri Hafeezullah, 1970. L. (L.) ghanensis Fischthal & Thomas, 1970 is considered a synomim of L. (L.) holocentri Siddiqi & Cable, 1960. They present a classification key for the species under Lepidapedon (Lepidapedoides) Yamaguti, 1970 and a complete description and original drawings of L. (L.) epinepheli Bravo-Hollis & Manter, 1957, also refering a new host record for it. The authors disagree about the proposition of the type species of the subgenus, L. (L.) holocentri Siddiqi & Cable, 1960, for L. (L.) levenseni (Linton, 1907) Manter, 1947 is the former one and has all the representing characters of Lepidapedon (Lepidapedoides). The trematodes were recovered from intestine of Lutjanus jocu (Bloch & Schneider) commonly named "Vermelho", from Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro State.
3 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the species of Isospora occurring in cats are different from those of dogs, and that cross-infection experiments performed with IsOSpora from dogs and cats failed to produce infection while inoculations of these IsosPORA in their natural hosts succeeded.
Abstract: Feces of 34 dogs out of 251 (13.5%) from guanabara were positive for Isospora. From these 19 (7.5%) were i. rivolta, 13 (5.2%) were I. canis and 2 (0,7) were i. bigemina. "Free-sporocysts" of I. rivolta were eliminated by 9 dogs (3.5%). A "Caryospora-like" oocyst was seen once. Cross-infection experiments performed with Isospora from dogs and cats failed to produce infection while inoculations of these Isospora in their natural hosts succeeded. The results suggest that the species of Isospora occurring in cats are different from those of dogs.
TL;DR: The author analysed the microflorafrom three ponds situated in the Cactarium from the Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara with a total of 71 species determined, two of which are new to Brazil.
Abstract: The author analysed the microflorafrom three ponds situated in the Cactarium from the Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara. Pond no 1 - This pond showed a very intensive development of the microflora in the coldermonths. The diatoms were very frequent. Those diatoms that indicate saprobic conditions were the following; Gomphonema gracile Ehr., Pinnularia maior (Kutz) Cleve, Gomphonema parvulum (Kutz) Grunow, Navicula mutica Kutz., Pinnularia borealis Ehr., Pinnularia microstauron, (Ehr) Cleve, Pinnularia acrospheria Breb., Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehr) Grunow, Nitzschia palea Kutz., Eunotia pectinalis (Kutz) Rabenh. Pond no 2 - In this pond we found diatoms that indicate polluted waters as follows; Eunotia pectinalis (Kutz) Rabenh., Gomphonema parvulum (Kutz) Grunow, Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehr) Navicula mutica Kutz., Pinnularia borealis Ehr., Pinnularia maior (Kutz) Cleve, Pinnularia microstauron (Ehr) Cleve. Pond no 3 - The frequence of the microflora was rather reduced. Comparing the pond no 1 with the one no 2, the diatoms and chlorophyceae decreased in the hotter months. The oligosaprobic species found were the fallowing: Eutonia pectinalis (Kutz) Rabenh., Gomphonema gracile Ehr., Gomphonema parvulum (Kutz) Grunow, Hantzschia amphoxys (Ehr) Grunow, Pinnularia borealis Ehr., Pinnularia maior (Kutz) Cleve. Considerations were also made to the chlorophyceae as to saprobic regimen of the material estudied. Reference is made in the text to ecological details and comments. Eunotia angusta f. crenulata Elever-Euler and Eunotia veneris var. exsecta Clever-euler, that we found in our samples are new to Brazil. A total of 71 species was determined from 21 samples collected during the period of 36 months.