Oswaldo Cruz Foundation

About: Oswaldo Cruz Foundation is a facility organization based out in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Trypanosoma cruzi. The organization has 18673 authors who have published 36752 publications receiving 802378 citations. The organization is also known as: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz & FIOCRUZ.

The study of cardiovascular risk in adolescents – ERICA: rationale, design and sample characteristics of a national survey examining cardiovascular risk factor profile in Brazilian adolescents

Abstract: The Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (Portuguese acronym, “ERICA”) is a multicenter, school-based country-wide cross-sectional study funded by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, which aims at estimating the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including those included in the definition of the metabolic syndrome, in a random sample of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in Brazilian cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Approximately 85,000 students were assessed in public and private schools. Brazil is a continental country with a heterogeneous population of 190 million living in its five main geographic regions (North, Northeast, Midwest, South and Southeast). ERICA is a pioneering study that will assess the prevalence rates of cardiovascular risk factors in Brazilian adolescents using a sample with national and regional representativeness. This paper describes the rationale, design and procedures of ERICA.

Prevention of Haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib) Meningitis and Emergence of Serotype Replacement with Type a Strains after Introduction of Hib Immunization in Brazil

Abstract: Surveillance for Haemophilus influenzae meningitis cases was performed in Salvador, Brazil, before and after introduction of H. influenzae type b (Hib) immunization. The incidence of Hib meningitis decreased 69% during the 1-year period after initiation of Hib immunization (from 2.62 to 0.81 cases/100,000 person-years; ). P ! .001 In contrast, the incidence for H. influenzae type a meningitis increased 8-fold (from 0.02 to 0.16 cases/100,000 person-years; ). Pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis demonstrated that H. influenzae type a isolates P p .008 belonged to 2 clonally related groups, both of which were found before Hib immunization commenced. Therefore, Hib immunization contributed to an increased risk for H. influenzae type a meningitis through selection of circulating H. influenzae type a clones. The risk attributable to serotype replacement is small in comparison to the large reduction in Hib meningitis due to immunization. However, these findings highlight the need to maintain surveillance as the use of conjugate vaccines expands worldwide.

The Family Health Strategy: expanding access and reducinghospitalizations due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC).

Abstract: Resumo Criado em 1994, o Programa Saude da Familia gradualmente tornou-se a principal estrategia para a mudanca do modelo assistencial e a ampliacao do acesso de primeiro contato aos servicos de saude no SUS. Pouco mais de dez anos depois foi enunciada como Estrategia de Saude da Familia (ESF) na Politica Nacional de Atencao Basica (PNAB), em 2006. Este artigo avaliou os efeitos da implementacao da ESF ao longo das duas ultimas decadas no Brasil, demonstrando o acesso proporcionado e a tendencia das internacoes por condicoes sensiveis a atencao basica (ICSAB). Trata-se de um estudo do tipo ecologico de series temporais com dados secundarios referentes ao numero de equipes implantadas de saude da familia e as ICSAB no SUS de 2001 a 2016. Os resultados evidenciam a reducao em 45% das taxas padronizadas de ICSAB por 10.000 hab, que passaram de 120 para 66 no periodo de 2001 a 2016. Apesar de nao ser possivel isolar os efeitos da atencao primaria, e bastante plausivel que o resultado da reducao das ICSAB esteja vinculada ao avanco da cobertura da ESF no Brasil, em especial na melhoria do acompanhamento das condicoes cronicas, no aprimoramento do diagnostico e na facilidade do acesso aos medicamentos.