Institution
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation
Facility•Rio de Janeiro, Brazil•
About: Oswaldo Cruz Foundation is a facility organization based out in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Trypanosoma cruzi. The organization has 18673 authors who have published 36752 publications receiving 802378 citations. The organization is also known as: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz & FIOCRUZ.
Topics: Population, Trypanosoma cruzi, Immune system, Leishmania, Health care
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: It is hypothesized that local skin events influence the ensuing adaptive immune response to Leishmania spp.
Abstract: The leishmaniases are diseases caused by pathogenic protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Infections are initiated when a sand fly vector inoculates Leishmania parasites into the skin of a mammalian host. Leishmania causes a spectrum of inflammatory cutaneous disease manifestations. The type of cutaneous pathology is determined in part by the infecting Leishmania species, but also by a combination of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory host immune response factors resulting in different clinical outcomes. This review discusses the distinct cutaneous syndromes described in humans, and current knowledge of the inflammatory responses associated with divergent cutaneous pathologic responses to different Leishmania species. The contribution of key hematopoietic cells in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in mouse models are also reviewed and compared with those observed during human infection. We hypothesize that local skin events influence the ensuing adaptive immune response to Leishmania spp. infections, and that the balance between inflammatory and regulatory factors induced by infection are critical for determining cutaneous pathology and outcome of infection.
136 citations
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TL;DR: It is suggested that it is possible to obtain pan-specific effective antivenoms for Bothrops envenomations through immunization with venoms from only a few species of snakes, if these venoms contain protein classes that are representative of all species to which the antivenom is targeted.
Abstract: In Latin America, Bothrops snakes account for most snake bites in humans, and the recommended treatment is administration of multispecific Bothrops antivenom (SAB – soro antibotropico). However, Bothrops snakes are very diverse with regard to their venom composition, which raises the issue of which venoms should be used as immunizing antigens for the production of pan-specific Bothrops antivenoms. In this study, we simultaneously compared the composition and reactivity with SAB of venoms collected from six species of snakes, distributed in pairs from three distinct phylogenetic clades: Bothrops, Bothropoides and Rhinocerophis. We also evaluated the neutralization of Bothrops atrox venom, which is the species responsible for most snake bites in the Amazon region, but not included in the immunization antigen mixture used to produce SAB. Using mass spectrometric and chromatographic approaches, we observed a lack of similarity in protein composition between the venoms from closely related snakes and a high similarity between the venoms of phylogenetically more distant snakes, suggesting little connection between taxonomic position and venom composition. P-III snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are the most antigenic toxins in the venoms of snakes from the Bothrops complex, whereas class P-I SVMPs, snake venom serine proteinases and phospholipases A2 reacted with antibodies in lower levels. Low molecular size toxins, such as disintegrins and bradykinin-potentiating peptides, were poorly antigenic. Toxins from the same protein family showed antigenic cross-reactivity among venoms from different species; SAB was efficient in neutralizing the B. atrox venom major toxins. Thus, we suggest that it is possible to obtain pan-specific effective antivenoms for Bothrops envenomations through immunization with venoms from only a few species of snakes, if these venoms contain protein classes that are representative of all species to which the antivenom is targeted.
136 citations
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Johns Hopkins University1, Stanford University2, University of Washington3, University of Maryland, Baltimore4, University of California, San Francisco5, Emory University6, Wake Forest University7, Henry Ford Health System8, University of the West Indies9, Leiden University10, University of Mississippi11, University of Cartagena12, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill13, Children's Memorial Hospital14, Northwestern University15, Vanderbilt University16, University of Chicago17, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation18, Morehouse School of Medicine19, Brooklyn Hospital Center20, Howard University21, Federal University of Bahia22, Illumina23, Knome24, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai25, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences26
TL;DR: Genetic variation from deeply sequenced genomes of 642 individuals from North and South American, Caribbean and West African populations is presented, substantially increasing the lexicon of human genomic variation and suggesting much variation remains to be discovered in African-admixed populations in the Americas.
Abstract: The African Diaspora in the Western Hemisphere represents one of the largest forced migrations in history and had a profound impact on genetic diversity in modern populations. To date, the fine-scale population structure of descendants of the African Diaspora remains largely uncharacterized. Here we present genetic variation from deeply sequenced genomes of 642 individuals from North and South American, Caribbean and West African populations, substantially increasing the lexicon of human genomic variation and suggesting much variation remains to be discovered in African-admixed populations in the Americas. We summarize genetic variation in these populations, quantifying the postcolonial sex-biased European gene flow across multiple regions. Moreover, we refine estimates on the burden of deleterious variants carried across populations and how this varies with African ancestry. Our data are an important resource for empowering disease mapping studies in African-admixed individuals and will facilitate gene discovery for diseases disproportionately affecting individuals of African ancestry.
136 citations
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TL;DR: Patients suffering from American cutaneous leishmaniasis showed an increase in the percentage of CD8+ blast T cells and a decline in the proportion of CD4+ Blast T cells in cultures and the levels of gamma interferon in T-cell culture supernatants showed a tendency to increase when the patients were cured.
Abstract: Fourteen patients suffering from American cutaneous leishmaniasis were studied. Assays of the lymphocyte proliferative response induced in vitro by Leishmania braziliensis antigens were performed. After 5 days in culture, L. braziliensis-stimulated blast T cells were harvested for CD4+ and CD8+ phenotype analysis. When results before and at the end of therapy were compared, leishmaniasis patients showed an increase in the percentage of CD8+ blast T cells and a decline in the proportion of CD4+ blast T cells in cultures. The levels of gamma interferon in T-cell culture supernatants showed a tendency to increase when the patients were cured. These results show a pattern of higher proportions of Leishmania-reactive CD8+ T cells and lower proportions of Leishmania-reactive CD4+ T cells after cure.
136 citations
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TL;DR: Development of megacolon after acute infection with T cruzi is associated with maintained invasion of enteric ganglia with cytotoxic T cells and loss of muscle innervation, but changes in glial cell numbers are not associated with progression ofEnteric neuropathy.
135 citations
Authors
Showing all 18833 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Douglas T. Golenbock | 123 | 317 | 61267 |
Guy A. Zimmerman | 109 | 328 | 39740 |
David Brown | 105 | 1257 | 46827 |
Liam Smeeth | 104 | 753 | 53433 |
Ann M. Dvorak | 99 | 437 | 41073 |
David C. Spray | 95 | 400 | 28732 |
Theodore A. Slotkin | 89 | 575 | 30070 |
Fernando Q. Cunha | 88 | 682 | 31501 |
Mauro M. Teixeira | 86 | 713 | 31301 |
Ricardo T. Gazzinelli | 86 | 340 | 28233 |
Peter F. Weller | 85 | 331 | 22005 |
João B. Calixto | 81 | 460 | 23029 |
Frederic J. Seidler | 80 | 372 | 19564 |
João Santana da Silva | 80 | 399 | 19060 |
Deborah Carvalho Malta | 77 | 706 | 61000 |