Institution
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation
Facility•Rio de Janeiro, Brazil•
About: Oswaldo Cruz Foundation is a facility organization based out in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Trypanosoma cruzi. The organization has 18673 authors who have published 36752 publications receiving 802378 citations. The organization is also known as: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz & FIOCRUZ.
Topics: Population, Trypanosoma cruzi, Immune system, Leishmania, Health care
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Intestinal parasitism control should increase children's possibilities of full development in the studied area, and the multivariate model showed that the only variable associated with hemoglobin levels was age.
Abstract: The objective of this survey was to assess the relationships between intestinal parasitism, nutritional status and hemoglobin level in children with Indian ascendancy living in an urban area in Brazilian Amazon. We carried out a cross-sectional survey obtaining anthropometric, parasitological and socioeconomic data, and hemoglobin measurements of children aged six to 84 months. Anthropometric data were expressed as z-scores for weight for age (WAZ), height for age (HAZ), weight for height (WHZ) and mid upper circumference for age (MUACZ) parameters. Parasitological examinations were performed through Ritchie (n = 307), Kato-Katz (n = 278), Baermann-Moraes (n = 238) and Safranin-methylene blue methods (n = 307). Hemoglobin measurements were obtained with a Hemocue photometer (n = 282). Socioeconomic data were used in order to classify children in three family income strata (n = 242). Multiple linear regression analysis showed independent interactions between Giardia lamblia and WAZ (beta = -0.195, SE = 0.138, p = 0.003), WHZ (beta = -0.161, SE = 0.133, p = 0.018) and MUACZ (beta = -0.197, SE = 0.143, p = 0.011), controlling for age, sex, family income, Ascaris lumbricoides, and hookworm infection. Also, the multivariate model showed that the only variable associated with hemoglobin levels was age. Intestinal parasitism control should increase children's possibilities of full development in the studied area.
122 citations
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TL;DR: Real-time PCR and Gram stain were highly accurate in diagnosing meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, and H. influenzae, and might be useful when antibiotics were previously administered.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture is the diagnostic reference standard for bacterial meningitis, its sensitivity is limited, particularly when antibiotics were previously administered. CSF Gram staining and real-time PCR are theoretically less affected by antibiotics; however, it is difficult to evaluate these tests with an imperfect reference standard. METHODS AND FINDINGS: CSF from patients with suspected meningitis from Salvador, Brazil were tested with culture, Gram stain, and real-time PCR using S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, and H. influenzae specific primers and probes. An antibiotic detection disk bioassay was used to test for the presence of antibiotic activity in CSF. The diagnostic accuracy of tests were evaluated using multiple methods, including direct evaluation of Gram stain and real-time PCR against CSF culture, evaluation of real-time PCR against a composite reference standard, and latent class analysis modeling to evaluate all three tests simultaneously. RESULTS: Among 451 CSF specimens, 80 (17.7%) had culture isolation of one of the three pathogens (40 S. pneumoniae, 36 N. meningitidis, and 4 H. influenzae), and 113 (25.1%) were real-time PCR positive (51 S. pneumoniae, 57 N. meningitidis, and 5 H. influenzae). Compared to culture, real-time PCR sensitivity and specificity were 95.0% and 90.0%, respectively. In a latent class analysis model, the sensitivity and specificity estimates were: culture, 81.3% and 99.7%; Gram stain, 98.2% and 98.7%; and real-time PCR, 95.7% and 94.3%, respectively. Gram stain and real-time PCR sensitivity did not change significantly when there was antibiotic activity in the CSF. CONCLUSION: Real-time PCR and Gram stain were highly accurate in diagnosing meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, and H. influenzae, though there were few cases of H. influenzae. Furthermore, real-time PCR and Gram staining were less affected by antibiotic presence and might be useful when antibiotics were previously administered. Gram staining, which is inexpensive and commonly available, should be encouraged in all clinical settings.
122 citations
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TL;DR: Differences can be detected in the use of services: in Colombia greater geographical and economic barriers and the need for authorization from insurers are more relevant, whereas in Brazil, it is the limited availability of health centres, doctors and drugs that leads to longer waiting times.
122 citations
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Kolling Institute of Medical Research1, University of Groningen2, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation3, University of Bologna4, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention5, University of Mississippi Medical Center6, University of Utah7, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University8, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev9, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg10, Slovak Medical University11
TL;DR: Findings suggest that differences in the prevalence observed among programs are likely to be attributable to variability in population ethnic compositions or issues in reporting or registration procedures of EA, rather than a real risk occurrence difference.
Abstract: BACKGROUND—The prevalence of esophageal atresia (EA) has been shown to vary across
different geographical settings. Investigation of geographical differences may provide an insight
into the underlying etiology of EA.
METHODS—The study population comprised infants diagnosed with EA during 1998 to 2007
from 18 of the 46 birth defects surveillance programs, members of the International Clearinghouse
for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research. Total prevalence per 10,000 births for EA was
defined as the total number of cases in live births, stillbirths, and elective termination of pregnancy
for fetal anomaly (ETOPFA) divided by the total number of all births in the population.
RESULTS—Among the participating programs, a total of 2943 cases of EA were diagnosed with
an average prevalence of 2.44 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.35–2.53) per 10,000 births,
ranging between 1.77 and 3.68 per 10,000 births. Of all infants diagnosed with EA, 2761 (93.8%)
were live births, 82 (2.8%) stillbirths, 89 (3.0%) ETOPFA, and 11 (0.4%) had unknown outcomes.
The majority of cases (2020, 68.6%), had a reported EA with fistula, 749 (25.5%) were without
fistula, and 174 (5.9%) were registered with an unspecified code.
CONCLUSIONS—On average, EA affected 1 in 4099 births (95% CI, 1 in 3954–4251 births)
with prevalence varying across different geographical settings, but relatively consistent over time
and comparable between surveillance programs. Findings suggest that differences in the
prevalence observed among programs are likely to be attributable to variability in population
ethnic compositions or issues in reporting or registration procedures of EA, rather than a real risk
occurrence difference.
122 citations
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TL;DR: New statistical methods recently developed for the analysis of maps of disease rates when the geographic units have small populations at risk adopt the Bayesian approach and use intensive computational methods for estimating risk in each area.
Abstract: This article presents statistical methods recently developed for the analysis of maps of disease rates when the geographic units have small populations at risk. They adopt the Bayesian approach and use intensive computational methods for estimating risk in each area. The objective of the methods is to separate the variability of rates due to differences between regions from the background risk due to pure random fluctuation. Risk estimates have a total mean quadratic error smaller than usual estimates. We apply these new methods to estimate infant mortality risk in the municipalities of the State of Minas Gerais in 1994.
122 citations
Authors
Showing all 18833 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Douglas T. Golenbock | 123 | 317 | 61267 |
Guy A. Zimmerman | 109 | 328 | 39740 |
David Brown | 105 | 1257 | 46827 |
Liam Smeeth | 104 | 753 | 53433 |
Ann M. Dvorak | 99 | 437 | 41073 |
David C. Spray | 95 | 400 | 28732 |
Theodore A. Slotkin | 89 | 575 | 30070 |
Fernando Q. Cunha | 88 | 682 | 31501 |
Mauro M. Teixeira | 86 | 713 | 31301 |
Ricardo T. Gazzinelli | 86 | 340 | 28233 |
Peter F. Weller | 85 | 331 | 22005 |
João B. Calixto | 81 | 460 | 23029 |
Frederic J. Seidler | 80 | 372 | 19564 |
João Santana da Silva | 80 | 399 | 19060 |
Deborah Carvalho Malta | 77 | 706 | 61000 |