Institution
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation
Facility•Rio de Janeiro, Brazil•
About: Oswaldo Cruz Foundation is a facility organization based out in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Trypanosoma cruzi. The organization has 18673 authors who have published 36752 publications receiving 802378 citations. The organization is also known as: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz & FIOCRUZ.
Topics: Population, Trypanosoma cruzi, Immune system, Leishmania, Health care
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: The National Health Survey is a household-based nationwide survey carried out by the Ministry of Health in partnership with the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics to establish the health status and lifestyles of the population with regard to access and use of services, preventive actions, continuity of care, and health care financing.
Abstract: The National Health Survey is a household-based nationwide survey carried out by the Ministry of Health in partnership with the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The scope of the survey is to establish the health status and lifestyles of the population - as well as how they look after their health - with regard to access and use of services, preventive actions, continuity of care, and health care financing. The sample size is 80,000 households and enables the calculation of some indicators at different geographic levels, namely states, capitals, metropolitan and rural areas. The questionnaire is divided into three parts. The first two are answered by one resident and include questions on the household characteristics and on the social and economic level and health status of all inhabitants. The individual questionnaire is answered by an adult (aged 18 years or more), selected with equal probability among the adult residents, and focuses on morbidity and lifestyle. For this individual, measurements of weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure are taken, as well as laboratory exams to characterize the lipid profile and blood glucose level, as well as determine the urine sodium content. The laboratory exams are taken in a subsample of 25% of the census sectors selected.
259 citations
••
TL;DR: Observations made in one slum community of 58,000 people in Salvador, the third largest city in Brazil, are discussed to highlight the existence of a spectrum and burden of chronic illnesses not likely to be detected by the formal sector health services until they result in complications or death.
Abstract: Urban slums, like refugee communities, comprise a social cluster that engenders a distinct set of health problems. With 1 billion people currently estimated to live in such communities, this neglected population has become a major reservoir for a wide spectrum of health conditions that the formal health sector must deal with. Unlike what occurs with refugee populations, the formal health sector becomes aware of the health problems of slum populations relatively late in the course of their illnesses. As such, the formal health sector inevitably deals with the severe and end-stage complications of these diseases at a substantially greater cost than what it costs to manage non-slum community populations. Because of the informal nature of slum settlements, and cultural, social, and behavioral factors unique to the slum populations, little is known about the spectrum, burden, and determinants of illnesses in these communities that give rise to these complications, especially of those diseases that are chronic but preventable. In this article, we discuss observations made in one slum community of 58,000 people in Salvador, the third largest city in Brazil, to highlight the existence of a spectrum and burden of chronic illnesses not likely to be detected by the formal sector health services until they result in complications or death. Lack of health-related data from slums could lead to inappropriate and unrealistic allocation of health care resources by the public and private providers. Similar misassumptions and misallocations are likely to exist in other nations with large urban slum populations. Continued neglect of ever-expanding urban slum populations in the world could inevitably lead to greater expenditure and diversion of health care resources to the management of end-stage complications of diseases that are preventable. A new approach to health assessment and characterization of social-cluster determinants of health in urban slums is urgently needed.
259 citations
••
TL;DR: Parsimony networks and mismatch distributions indicate that the non‐native ranges of the two most widespread species, P. canaliculata and P. insularum, probably result from multiple introductions, which may explain the success and rapid spread of these two species.
Abstract: Apple snails (Ampullariidae:
Pomacea
) native to the New World have become agricultural and environmental pests widely in southern and eastern Asia since their introduction in about 1980. Although their impacts have been extensively documented, considerable confusion persists regarding their identities and geographical origins. Efforts to resolve the confusion have suffered from inadequate taxonomic and geographical sampling from both native and introduced ranges. Using phylogenetic and genealogical methods, we analysed 610–655 bp of cytochrome c
oxidase subunit I DNA sequences from 783 apple snails from 164 Asian locations and 57 native South American locations. In Asia, we found four species of Pomacea
in two clades: (1) Pomacea canaliculata
and P. insularum
, and (2) P. scalaris
and P. diffusa
. Parsimony networks and mismatch distributions indicate that the non-native ranges of the two most widespread species, P. canaliculata
and P. insularum
, probably result from multiple introductions. Molecular analyses are consistent with early accounts; non-native P. canaliculata
populations trace back to multiple locations in Argentina and have probably been introduced more than once. In contrast, P. insularum
was probably introduced from Brazil and Argentina independently. Multiple introductions may, in part, explain the success and rapid spread of these two species. Unlike
P. canaliculata
and
P. insularum
,
P. scalaris
and P. diffusa
were probably introduced through the aquarium trade, derived originally from Argentina and Brazil, respectively. Possible physiological, ecological, and native range differences among these four species highlight the importance of accurate identification in understanding invasion patterns and processes, which is vital in developing and implementing management strategies.
257 citations
••
TL;DR: These serious and hitherto unknown complications ofyellow fever vaccination are extremely rare, but the safety of yellow fever 17DD vaccine needs to be reviewed.
256 citations
••
TL;DR: LLLT can reduce TNFalpha expression after acute immunocomplex lung injury in rats, but LLLT dose appears to be critical for reducing TNF alpha release.
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate if low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can modulate acute inflammation and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) levels. Background Data: Drug therapy with TNFα-inhibitors has become standard treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, but it is unknown if LLLT can reduce or modulate TNFα levels in inflammatory disorders. Methods: Two controlled animal studies were undertaken, with 35 male Wistar rats randomly divided into five groups each. Rabbit antiserum to ovalbumin was instilled intrabronchially in one of the lobes, followed by the intravenous injection of 10 mg of ovalbumin in 0.5 mL to induce acute lung injury. The first study served to define the time profile of TNFα activity for the first 4 h, while the second study compared three different LLLT doses to a control group and a chlorpromazine group at a timepoint where TNFα activity was increased. The rats in LLLT groups were irradiated within 5 min at the site of injury by a 650-nm Ga-Al-As laser. Results: There was a...
255 citations
Authors
Showing all 18833 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Douglas T. Golenbock | 123 | 317 | 61267 |
Guy A. Zimmerman | 109 | 328 | 39740 |
David Brown | 105 | 1257 | 46827 |
Liam Smeeth | 104 | 753 | 53433 |
Ann M. Dvorak | 99 | 437 | 41073 |
David C. Spray | 95 | 400 | 28732 |
Theodore A. Slotkin | 89 | 575 | 30070 |
Fernando Q. Cunha | 88 | 682 | 31501 |
Mauro M. Teixeira | 86 | 713 | 31301 |
Ricardo T. Gazzinelli | 86 | 340 | 28233 |
Peter F. Weller | 85 | 331 | 22005 |
João B. Calixto | 81 | 460 | 23029 |
Frederic J. Seidler | 80 | 372 | 19564 |
João Santana da Silva | 80 | 399 | 19060 |
Deborah Carvalho Malta | 77 | 706 | 61000 |