Showing papers by "P A College of Engineering published in 2014"

Leptospirosis Diagnosis: Competancy of Various Laboratory Tests

Abstract: Leptospira can be found in virtually all tropical and temperate areas of the world and is presumed to be the most wide spread zoonoses in the world.Humans contact leptospirosis through mucosal or percutaneous exposure to leptospires in environments contaminated by the urine of chronically infected animal sources. Despite being common, the diagnosis of leptospirosis is often not made unless a patient presents with textbook manifestations of the so called Weil’s disease, such as fever plus jaundice, renal failure and pulmonary haemorrhage. Leptospiral infection often has minimal or no clinical manifestations; of the cases in which fever develops, as many as 90% are undifferentiated febrile illnesses. Because of the variety of clinical symptoms seen in the symptomatic cases, leptospirosis at its onset is often misdiagnosed as aseptic meningitis, influenza, hepatic disease or fever (pyrexia) of unknown origin. Moreover, clinicians may fail to recognize that transmission of leptospirosis can occur in the urban setting because it is incorrectly perceived to be a rural disease. Therefore, diagnosis is based on laboratory tests rather than on clinical symptoms alone. In developing countries, laboratory facilities may be inadequate for diagnosis despite a high prevalence of the disease. Of substantial clinical importance, the syndrome of leptospiral pulmonary haemorrhage has emerged in recent years, in diverse places around the world.

A Study of I-Function of Several Complex Variables

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce a natural generalization of the well-known, interesting, and useful Fox H-function into generalized function of several variables, namely, the I-function of ‘‘’’ variables. For , we get the I-function introduced and studied by Arjun Rathie (1997) and, for , we get I-function of two variables introduced very recently by ShanthaKumari et al. (2012). Convergent conditions, elementary properties, and special cases have also been given. The results presented in this paper generalize the results of H-function of ‘‘’’ variables available in the literature.

Investigation of third-order nonlinear and optical power limiting properties of terphenyl derivatives

Abstract: A series of new chalcones containing terphenyl as a core and with different functional groups has been successfully synthesized by Claisen–Schmidt condensation method in search of new nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Molecular structural characterization for the compounds was achieved by FTIR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The third-order NLO absorption and refraction coefficients were simultaneously determined by Z-scan technique. The measurements were performed at 532 nm with 7 ns laser pulses using a Nd:YAG laser in solution form. The Z-scan experiments reveal that the compounds exhibit strong nonlinear refraction coefficient of the order 10 –11 esu and the molecular two photon absorption cross section is 10 –46 cm 4 s/photon. The results also show that the structures of the compounds have great impact on NLO properties. The compounds show optical power limiting behavior due to two-photon absorption (TPA).

Analysis and detection R-peak detection using Modified Pan-Tompkins algorithm

Abstract: Cardiac diseases that gives rise to the death and possibly forms the immedicable danger in order to monitor the heart the proposed algorithm is used. An automatic detection of peaks in Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is presented. The aim of the design work is to achieve higher performance in terms of reliability and better diagnosis of patients through Peak detection. The new method called Modified Pan-Tompkins algorithm based on the slope and amplitude of ECG signal. The QRS complex detection algorithm uses optimized Bandpass-filtering to reduce false detection. The purpose of prefiltering is to reduce various noise components in order to achieve improved detection reliability. The QRS detection reliability of an algorithm was tested with an noisy stress ECG signal. The usefulness of the proposed method is shown by applying the algorithm to signal from MIT- BIH Arrhythmia database to obtain the number of heart-beats per minute which helps to diagnose the heart disease.

Comparative DFT study on reactivity, acidity and vibrational spectra of halogen substituted phenylacetic acids

Abstract: A detailed first principle study on the three halogenated phenylacetic acid i.e. 2-(2-halophenyl)acetic acid where –halo=fluoro/chloro/bromo has been carried out. The calculated structural properties show close resemblance with the crystallographic data. The reactivity of molecules using various descriptors –local such as fukui functions, local softness and electrophilicity as well as –global i.e. electronegativity, hardness, HOMO-LUMO gap etc. along with acidity of the same are calculated and discussed. The vibrational spectra of chloro-and bromo-substituted molecules are calculated and compared with those obtained with experimental FTIR method while that of fluoro-substituted is predicted theoretically.

Vibrational, structural and hydrogen bonding analysis of N′-[(E)-4-Hydroxybenzylidene]-2- (naphthalen-2-yloxy) acetohydrazide: combined density functional and atoms-in-molecule based theoretical studies

Abstract: DFT-B3LYP/6-311G calculations are performed on N′-[(E)-4-Hydroxybenzylidene]-2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy) acetohydrazide to explore its structural and vibrational properties. A good correlation is shown between experimental and calculated bond lengths and vibrational frequencies. Atoms-in-molecule analysis is employed for detection and characterization of an intra-molecular hydrogen bonding interaction present in molecule. The effect of hydrogen bonding on structural as well as vibrational properties is also discussed. Natural population analysis, highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and molecular electrostatic potential plots along with various electronic and thermodynamic parameters are presented at the same level of theory.

Synthesis of new indazole derivatives as potential antioxidant agents

Abstract: New indazole derivatives were synthesized by reacting hydrazine hydrate and its derivatives with cyclohexenone derivatives, which in turn prepared from respective chalcones. The chemical structure of newly synthesized compounds was well characterized by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and mass spectral data. All the synthesized products were screened for their antioxidant properties. All indazole derivatives exhibited noticeable DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power capacity and total antioxidant capacity in comparison with the respective standards.

A research review on deep cryogenic treatment of steels

Abstract: The effect of deep cryogenic treatment on properties of different types of steels was extensively studied. Cryogenic treatment can convert the retained austenite into martensite along with the carbide precipitation and hence enhances the wear resistance when compared to the conventional heat treatment of steels. It also increases the compressive residual stresses in the component, which leads to better fatigue life. However, this study is carried out to reveal the mechanism of deep cryogenic treatment with respect to different materials, pretreatment conditions and properties of steels for the practical application.

Detection and confirmation of web robot requests for cleaning the voluminous web log data

Abstract: Web robots are software applications that run automated tasks over the internet. They traverse the hyperlink structure of the World Wide Web so that they can retrieve information. There are many reasons to distinguish web robot requests and user requests. Some tasks of web robots can be harmful to the web. Firstly, Web robots are employed for assemble business intelligence at e-commerce sites. In such a state of affairs, the e-commerce site may need to detect robots. Secondly, many e-commerce sites carry out Web traffic scrutiny to deduce the way their customers have accessed the site. Unfortunately, such scrutiny can be erroneous by the presence of Web robots. Thirdly, Web robots often consume considerable network bandwidth and server resources at the expense of other users. A web log file is a web server file automatically created and maintained by a web server to check the activity performed by it. It maintains a history of page requests on its site. In this paper we have used four methods together to detect and finally confirm requests as a robot request. Experiments have been performed on the log file generated from the server of an operational web site named vtulife.com which contains data of march-20l3. In our research results o.f web robot detection using various techniques have been compared and an integrated approach is proposed for the confirmation of the robot request.

Thermophysical Behavior of Cryogenically Treated Silicon Carbide for Nanofluids

Abstract: This paper deals with the influence of deep cryogenic treatment on thermophysical characteristics of silicon carbide powder for nanofluids for heat exchange applications. X-ray diffraction and scanning election microscope analysis were done with ball milled nano-SiC and cryo-SiC powders compared to conventional SiC powders. The experimental investigations on heat gain, viscosity and stability were also carried out in SiC–water and (cryogenically treated silicon carbide) cryo-SiC–water nanofluids. The results show that the deep cryogenic treatment decreases the size of the silicon carbide ball milled powder when compared to the conventional ball milled SiC powder. The SiC/water nanofluid with a pH value of 10.5 shows good stability when compared to the Sic/water nanofluid at pH 6.5. It is also found that (cryogenically treated silicon carbide) cryo-SiC–water nanofluid provides higher heat transfer than conventional SiC–water nanofluid.

A study of I-functions of two variables

Abstract: In our present investigation we propose to study and develop the I-function of two variables analogous to the I-function of one variable introduced and studied by one of the authors [25]. The conditions for convergence, series representation, behaviour for small values, elementary properties, transformation formulas and some special cases for the I-function of two variables are also discussed.

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial studies of a few novel thiazole derivatives

Abstract: A series of novel N-[4-(substituted)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-(substituted)acetamide (9a–m) and methyl 2-(2-(2-(substituted)acetamido)thiazol-4-yl)acetate (9n–o) derivatives have been synthesized and compounds were characterised by spectral and analytical studies. All compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia by disc diffusion method and for antifungal activity against Penicillium marneffei, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus by serial plate dilution method. Compounds 9b, 9e, 9m and 9o exhibited growth inhibition against all the tested bacterial strains, with MIC values varying from 12.5 to 6.25 μg/ml. Among the compounds tested for antifungal activity, 9a, 9b, 9d, 9j, 9k, 9p and 9n showed wide range of activity against all the tested strains. Most of the newly synthesized compounds were effective against fungal strains rather than bacterial strains. However, some of the compounds like 9a, 9e, 9j, 9k and 9i showed selective sensitivity against some of the bacterial strains whereas they were unable to sustain the growth of other strains.

Design and Development of Digital Control Strategy for Solar Photovoltaic Inverter to Improve Power Quality

Abstract: The design and development of control circuit for a solar fed cascaded multilevel inverter is postulated in this paper. The control circuit based on logic operations reduces the semiconductor switches required for the multilevel inverter. In addition to the reduction of switches, it also improves the quality of the output power by minimizing the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The proposed design achieves the maximum output voltage levels without the requirement of detailed look up table, boost converters and output transformers. The implementation of multilevel inverter is carriedout with asymmetrical DC sources from solar photovoltaics to achieve 2 ns+1 -1 and 3 ns levels, where ns is the number of individual inverter stages. Based on the proposed design 12 switches are required to achieve 15 and 27 levels respectively, whereas the conventional inverter can able to produce only 7 levels. MATLAB/Simulink is used for the simulation of the system. The modelling of solar panel which adheres to the experimental setup is developed. A 3kWp solar plant is taken into consideration for the implementation of the proposed control design and the performance parameters are measured using power quality analyser. The results are compared with the conventional inverter which shows that the proposed inverter is much suitable for both standalone and grid connected systems.

Optimization of dry sliding wear conditions for AlSi10Mg/SiCp composites using response surface: genetic algorithm approach

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this research paper is to find the optimum parameters, namely, the sliding speed, applied load and percentage of silicon carbide particles (SiCp), under which AlSi10Mg/SiCp composites experience minimum wear. Design/methodology/approach – Wear rate (WR) of AlSi10Mg, AlSi10Mg/10SiC and AlSi10Mg/20SiC was measured using pin-on-disk equipment according to ASTM G99 standards. Response surface method was used to design the experiments, model and analyze the tribological behaviour. Tests were conducted as per Box–Beheken design of experiments. The wear mechanisms were observed using scanning electron microscope. Genetic algorithm was used to find the optimum parameters for minimum WR. Findings – Wear mechanisms underwent changes with variation in applied load, sliding speed and per cent SiCp. An optimum wear condition was obtained when the process parameters, namely, the sliding speed, applied load and percentage of SiCp, were at 4 m/s, 10 N and 20 per cent, respectively. Combined GA-RS...

Studies on the environmental emission and performance of a single cylinder CI engine with enhanced intake air oxygen combustion

Abstract: The present investigation deals with the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of cardanol based B20M10 (20% cardanol + 70% diesel + 10% methanol) and B30M10 (30% cardanol + 60% diesel + 10% methanol) biofuel blends. The experiments are conducted on a four-stroke single cylinder diesel engine with 27.5 deg. bTDC standard ignition timing and 180 bar injection pressure at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% full load conditions. The experiments have been carried out with B30M10 biofuel blends and the results are compared with B20M10 and baseline diesel fuel. The supply of additional oxygen to the intake air is at a flow rate of 3%, 5%, and 7% by weight. With the increase in concentration of intake air oxygen, CO, HC, and smoke emissions decreases, whereas brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and NOx emission are considerably increased when compared to B20M10 and B30M10 without oxygen enrichment. The BTE of blended fuel B30M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment intake air reaches the efficiency of B20M10. However, comp...

Normal Modes, Molecular Orbitals and Thermochemical Analyses of 2,4 and 3,4 Dichloro Substituted Phenyl-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamides: DFT Study and FTIR Spectra

Abstract: A detailed spectroscopic analysis of two dichloro substituted phenyl-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamides at 2,4 and 3,4 positions of the phenyl ring has been carried out by using B3LYP method with 6-31

4-[(E)-(4-Hy-droxy-benzyl-idene)amino]-3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione.

Abstract: The title compound, C10H10N4OS, is nearly planar with the mean planes of the hy­droxy­benzyl and triazole rings inclined at an angle of only 3.2 (7)°. In the crystal, O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds between the hy­droxy group and the triazole ring in concert with weak N—H⋯S inter­molecular inter­actions between the triazole ring and thione group form chains along [-210] enclosing R22(8) graph-set motifs. A weak intra­molecular C—H⋯S inter­action and inter­molecular π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.5990 (15) A] are also observed.

In vitro and in silico biological studies of novel thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate derivatives

Abstract: In the present study, we report the synthesis, characterization of new series of thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate derivatives 3a–f and 4a–f. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial and antiviral activities. The probable mode of action of these active compounds was determined through in silico docking study by docking the receptor methionyl-tRNA synthetase and human inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) for antibacterial and antiviral activities, respectively. Among the compounds, 4c exhibited excellent in vitro antimicrobial activity against all tested strains with binding and docking energies −35.6 and −12.4 kcal/mol, respectively. The antiviral studies were carried out for the selected compounds in which 4a exhibited 73.69 and 54.42 % of inhibition of buffalopox and camelpox viruses, respectively. Furthermore, compound 4a showed minimum docking and binding energy along with the maximum hydrogen/hydrophobic interaction with IMPDH. The study contributes towards identification and screening of potential antimicrobial and antiviral agent’s against the pathogens.

VLSI design of ECG QRS complex detection using Multiscale Mathematical Morphology

Abstract: This study presents the very large scale integration (VLSI) based electrocardiogram (ECG) QRS complex detector for wearable devices in body sensor networks. Multiscale Mathematical Morphology (MMM) is a method used to suppress background noise and baseline wandering from original ECG signal. The major advantage of this method is that it does not require any prior knowledge of frequency spectrum. Hence Multiscale Mathematical Morphology is very attractive for noise reduction. An efficient VLSI architecture in is designed and simulated for the same method. This algorithm is applied to ECG signal from MIT - BIH database and its performance is measured in terms of sensitivity (Se) and positive predictivity (+P) as 97.8% and 97.8% respectively.

Design and Analysis of Asymmetrical Spur Gear Drive for Automobile Gear Box Application

Abstract: This work mainly aims to explore the actual load, fillet and contact stresses induced during a mesh cycle in a spur gear tooth. As the mesh stiffness differs at different contact points along the path of contact, it significantly affects the load sharing between the simultaneously meshed contact pairs hence stresses. Comparative study has been made between existing symmetric spur gear pair used in light motor vehicle gear box and asymmetric spur gear. Finite element multi pair contact model has been used to explore the load sharing behavior and related stresses in this work.

Low Power Adder Based Digital Filter for QRS Detector

Abstract: Most of the Biomedical applications use dedicated processors for the implementation of complex signal processing. Among them, sensor network is also a type, which has the constraint of low power consumption. Since the processing elements are the most copiously used operations in the signal processors, the power consumption of this has the major impact on the system level application. In this paper, we introduce low power concept of transistor stacking to reduce leakage power; and new architectures based on stacking to implement the full adder and its significance at the digital filter level for QRS detector are implemented. The proposed concept has lesser leakage power at the adder as well as filter level with trade-off in other quality metrics of the design. This enabled the design to be dealt with as the low-power corner and can be made adaptable to any level of hierarchical abstractions as per the requirement of the application. The proposed architectures are designed, modeled at RTL level using the Verilog-HDL, and synthesized in Synopsys Design Compiler by mapping the design to 65 nm technology library standard cells.

A novel chaotic color image encryption / decryption based on triangular confusion

Abstract: In this paper image encryption algorithm based on confusion and diffusion using dynamic key space is proposed. Confusion of pixels is done by triangular confusion, method proposed in this work and diffusion is done by values obtained from logistic map iterations. An internal key generator is used to generate the initial seeds for the overall encryption scheme proposed, with these initial seeds, logistic map generates pseudo random numbers which are then converted into Confusion order (CO) for confusion. Confusion order is applied to the blocks which have undergone triangular confusion. The diffusion bits (DFB) are generated in parallel using the logistic map and manipulated with pixels confused according to confusion order. The image pixels are iteratively confused and diffused with CO and DFB respectively to produce cipher image in minimum number of rounds. This work focuses on key generation using logistic and tent maps with iterative reconstruction to secure the image. Chaos based method provides a dynamic changes for confusion and diffusion architecture in the image encryption. A single bit change in the key will dramatically change the result in the internal key generation structure proposed. The simulation results confirm that the satisfactory level security is achieved in three rounds and the overall encryption time is saved.

Multiple single input change test vector for BIST schemes

Abstract: In VLSI Industry testing is an essential process for making the assurance functionality of the chip. This paper is focusing one of the test methodology called built-in-self-test (BIST). To introduce a novel test pattern generator (TPG) called multiple single input change (MSIC) TPG for test the modules of the chip. This TPG generates single input change (SIC) test vectors in multiple scan chains. Scan chains count is equal to the number of modules inside the chip. MSIC test vectors are generated here with a re-configurable Johnson counter and a fixed seed values. Seed is a pre-defined bit for MSIC pattern generator based on the modules available in the chip. Bit EX-OR operation is performed between the Re-configurable Johnson counter and the seed. Analysis result shows that the produced MSIC sequences have the features of uniform distribution and low transition density. Simulation results with S344 benchmark demonstrate that MSIC can save the test power by 7.5%.

A Decomposition of Continuity in Ideal by Using Semi-Local Functions

Abstract: In this paper we introduce and investigate the notion of α-Is-open, semi-Is-open and pre-Is-open sets via idealization by using semi-local functions and we obtained new decomposition of continuity.

An efficient structure of carry select adder

Abstract: Carry select adder is fastest adder but it required more area and power. The modern VLSI design systems are small in size and less power consumption so the modification is need in the carry select adder to achieve the reduced area and less power consumption. Two proposed works are introduced in thispaper. First method include the reduction of area and power in Carry select adder by modifying the EX-OR gate and BINARY TO EXCESS converter. Modification of Ex-or gate is done inside the RIPPLE CARRY ADDER. Second method includes the reduction of delay by replacing CARRY LOOK AHEAD instead of Ripple carry adder. This replacement increases the area, this can be overcome by modifying the EX-OR gate in CARRY LOOK AHEAD block.

Optimum voltage vector selection in Direct Torque Controlled PMSM using intelligent controller

Abstract: Direct Torque Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (DTCPMSM) has become popular because of its high speed, accuracy and absence of coordinate transformation. In DTC technique, the torque and flux are directly controlled by selecting the optimum voltage vector. But the conventional DTC method has some disadvantages such as high torque and flux ripple, difficulties in controlling torque and flux at low speed. To overcome the difficulties in the conventional DTC and to select optimum voltage vector, artificial intelligent controllers: Neural Network, Fuzzy Logic and ANFIS controllers are proposed. The proposed neural network controller is used as a switching vector selector, based on torque error, flux error and sector angle neural network selects the optimum voltage vector. The proposed fuzzy logic controller is used to control the upper and lower limits of the torque hysteresis bandwidth to minimize the torque ripple. To improve the speed response of DTC, the conventional PI controller is replaced with a Self-Tuned ANFIS controller. The proposed works are simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform and its result proves that the proposed methods have less torque ripple than the conventional DTC.

Clustering sentences to discover events from multiple news articles using Buckshot and Fractionation

Abstract: Sentence Clustering is performed based on the key terms in sentences within a document or group of documents. A sentence may come under different topics in a single document with different word of similar meaning which will not be clustered correctly by using hierarchical clustering methods. Hierarchical clustering methods are robust. They are not very efficient as its time complexity is O (n2). To overcome this problem, K-means type algorithms are used, but it handles only few documents. A proposed algorithm uses both hierarchical and partitional clustering method alternatively. It increases the accuracy and reduces the time complexity for multiple news articles. It is applied to group the text spans from multiple news articles that refer to the same event.

4-Amino-3-(4-hy-droxy-benz-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione.

Abstract: In the title compound, C9H10N4OS, the dihedral angle between the benzene and 1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione rings is 67.51 (16)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are liked via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the c-axis direction. The chains are linked via O—H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming corrugated layers lying parallel to the bc plane. The layers are linked via N—H⋯N and N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.