P A College of Engineering

About: P A College of Engineering is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Dihedral angle & Ring (chemistry). The organization has 298 authors who have published 594 publications receiving 4888 citations.

Mean residence time and mass fraction of tracer in a liquid-solid tapered inverse fluidized bed: numerical modelling with experimental validation

Abstract: Background Inverse fluidized beds have been designed to control the fluidization of low-density particles in high-density of continuous fluid. Fluidization of a large quantity of low-density particles can be challenging to control in a classic inverse fluidized bed. A tapered inverse fluidized bed can assist in the better fluidization of wider particles size distribution as the cross-sectional area have been enlarged along with the bed height from the top to the bottom. Methods Here, a laboratory setup of a tapered inverse fluidized bed was used to examine the mean residence time characteristics and the dispersion coefficient. Additionally, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling was performed to examine the mass fraction of the tracer. The Eulerian-Eulerian approach and the kinetic theory of the granular flow model were used to analyze the liquid flow and solid materials behaviour, respectively. The dispersion coefficient obtained using CFD were compared and validated with the experimental results. Then, the CFD model was used to investigate the effect of liquid velocity, size and density of solid materials (i.e., lower density than the density of water) and two different bed angles (6.8o and 8o) on the mass fraction of tracer along the bed heights. Significant Findings It was found that the liquid tracer mean residence time and axial dispersion coefficient significantly depended on particle density, tapered angle of the column, and superficial liquid velocity. Based on the experimental data, an empirical correlation has been developed for the mean residence time of the tracer by using response surface methodology. The findings can assist in designing and operation a tapered inverse fluidized bed technology.

Development of optimum friction new nano hybrid composite liner for biodiesel fuel engine

Abstract: This work presents the preparation of aluminum (Al) 6061 nano hybrid composite samples reinforced with equal weight percentage of nano-ZrO2, micro-SiC, micro-Gr particles of 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25%, and 3% using stir casting method. Friction characteristics of the composite samples under reciprocating conditions were studied at 125 °C using L27 orthogonal array and Taguchi method. The results of analysis of variance showed the influencing parameter for friction coefficient in the order of applied load and reciprocating sliding speed, followed by sliding distance and percent reinforcement. Hence, the total combined reinforcement sample of 6.75% was found to be optimum in terms of frictional characteristics and tensile strength. It was selected to synthesize lightweight nano hybrid composite cylinder liner (NL) and to replace the present cast iron cylinder liner (CL) used in biodiesel engine application. The developed NL had a 43.75% reduced weight than the currently used CL. Neat diesel and biodiesel from Jatropha oil and its diesel blends were used as test fuels. Experimental results proved that NL improved brake thermal efficiency, in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate and reduced carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and smoke emission in comparison with the existing liner. The results also showed that emission of the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) increased marginally with the new liner. Thus, the newly developed NL was found suitable for both diesel- and biodiesel-operated internal combustion engines.

1-(5-Chloro-6-fluoro-1,3-benzothia­zol-2-yl)hydrazine

Abstract: In the title compound, C7H5ClFN3S, the 1,3-benzothia­zole ring system is nearly planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.023 A). In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked via inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into a two-dimensional network parallel to (100).

Enhanced histogram equalization based nodule enhancement and neural network based detection for chest x-ray radiographs

Abstract: Lung cancer is the malignant tumors, which maximizes the speed of incidence and death rate and it will in the shape of spherical nodules in a conventional radiograph. Moreover, few lung nodules can’t be identified, since it overlaps with the normal anatomic structures like ribs and clavicles. Earlier, Rib suppression is executed to rectify this issue, which works according to the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and it is brought-into maximize the visibility of lung nodules. With this motivation, initially, it is constructed through LDA; then, the pixel intensity of lung nodule is measure through the usage of the Enhanced Histogram Equalization and it is included to the subtracted image of original image and rib model to improve the original brightness; at last, the border of ribs is recognized and smoothed, is done through mean function is measure through the use of pixel intensity. The white nodule-likeness extraction is the second step. Texture feature extraction is done for Continuous Wavelet Transform and the multi-scale Convergence-index filter. In order to create the white nodule-likeness map (WNLM), Neural Network classifier is utilized. Candidate extraction on WNLM using Laplace of Gaussian blob detection method is the third step. To estimate the rib suppression method, the JSRT database and dual-energy images were employed. The experiment represents when the method is enforced on the test images, the ribs can be suppressed significantly.

4-(Methylsulfanyl)benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone

Abstract: The title compound, C9H11N3S2, crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit, which differ mainly in the degree of planarity. The C=N double bonds are trans configured. Geometric parameters are in the usual ranges. The crystal structure is characterized by N-H center dot center dot center dot N and N-H center dot center dot center dot S hydrogen bonds.