Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

About: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is a facility organization based out in Richland, Washington, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Aerosol. The organization has 11581 authors who have published 27934 publications receiving 1120489 citations. The organization is also known as: PNL & PNNL.

Salmonella Serotype Determination Utilizing High-throughput Genome Sequencing Data

Abstract: Serotyping forms the basis of national and international surveillance networks for Salmonella, one of the most prevalent foodborne pathogens worldwide (1–3). Public health microbiology is currently being transformed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), which opens the door to serotype determination using WGS data. SeqSero (www.denglab.info/SeqSero) is a novel Web-based tool for determining Salmonella serotypes using high-throughput genome sequencing data. SeqSero is based on curated databases of Salmonella serotype determinants ( rfb gene cluster, fliC and fljB alleles) and is predicted to determine serotype rapidly and accurately for nearly the full spectrum of Salmonella serotypes (more than 2,300 serotypes), from both raw sequencing reads and genome assemblies. The performance of SeqSero was evaluated by testing (i) raw reads from genomes of 308 Salmonella isolates of known serotype; (ii) raw reads from genomes of 3,306 Salmonella isolates sequenced and made publicly available by GenomeTrakr, a U.S. national monitoring network operated by the Food and Drug Administration; and (iii) 354 other publicly available draft or complete Salmonella genomes. We also demonstrated Salmonella serotype determination from raw sequencing reads of fecal metagenomes from mice orally infected with this pathogen. SeqSero can help to maintain the well-established utility of Salmonella serotyping when integrated into a platform of WGS-based pathogen subtyping and characterization.

How lithium dendrites form in liquid batteries

Abstract: Studies of interfacial reactions and mass transport may allow safe use of lithium metal anodes Conventional rechargeable lithium (Li)–ion batteries generally use graphite as the anode, where Li ions are stored in the layered graphite. However, the use of Li metal as the anode is now being reconsidered. These next-generation battery technologies could potentially double the cell energy of conventional Li-ion batteries (1). Rechargeable Li metal batteries were commercialized more than four decades ago but were in use only briefly because of safety concerns (2). With the advancements of electrolyte (3, 4), electrode architecture (5), and characterization techniques (6) in recent years, a better fundamental understanding of the interfacial reactions during charging and discharging that dictate cell performance has developed and inspired a reevaluation of the use of Li metal anodes in rechargeable batteries.

Substantial convection and precipitation enhancements by ultrafine aerosol particles

Abstract: Aerosol-cloud interactions remain the largest uncertainty in climate projections. Ultrafine aerosol particles smaller than 50 nanometers (UAP<50) can be abundant in the troposphere but are conventionally considered too small to affect cloud formation. Observational evidence and numerical simulations of deep convective clouds (DCCs) over the Amazon show that DCCs forming in a low-aerosol environment can develop very large vapor supersaturation because fast droplet coalescence reduces integrated droplet surface area and subsequent condensation. UAP<50 from pollution plumes that are ingested into such clouds can be activated to form additional cloud droplets on which excess supersaturation condenses and forms additional cloud water and latent heating, thus intensifying convective strength. This mechanism suggests a strong anthropogenic invigoration of DCCs in previously pristine regions of the world.

Functionalized graphene oxide as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme labeling amplification strategy for ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay of phosphorylated p53 (S392).

Abstract: P53 phosphorylation plays an important role in many biological processes and might be used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. We report a new electrochemical immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of phosphorylated p53 at Ser392 (phospho-p53392) based on graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved by using the bioconjugates featuring horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and p53392 signal antibody (p53392Ab2) linked to functionalized GO (HRP−p53392Ab2−GO) at a high ratio of HRP/p53392Ab2. After a sandwich immunoreaction, the HRP−p53392Ab2−GO captured onto the electrode surface produced an amplified electrocatalytic response by the reduction of enzymatically oxidized thionine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The increase of response current was proportional to the phospho-p53392 concentration in the range of 0.02−2 nM with the detection limit of 0.01 nM, which was 10-fold lower than that of the traditional sandwich elec...