Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

About: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is a facility organization based out in Richland, Washington, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Aerosol. The organization has 11581 authors who have published 27934 publications receiving 1120489 citations. The organization is also known as: PNL & PNNL.

More frequent cloud-free sky and less surface solar radiation in China from 1955 to 2000

Abstract: In this study, we used newly available data frorn extended weather stations and time period to reveal that much of China has experienced significant decreases in cloud cover over the last half of the Twentieth century. This conclusion is supported by analysis of the more reliably observed frequency of cloud-free sky and overcast sky. We estimated that the total cloud cover and low cloud cover in China have decreased 0.88% and 0.33% per decade, respectively, and cloud-free days have increased 0.60% and overcast days decreased 0.78% per decade from 1954-2001. Meanwhile, both solar radiation and pan evaporation have decreased in China, with'solar radiation decreasing 3.1 w/square m and pan evaporation decreasing 39 mm per decade. Combining these results with findings of previous studies, we speculated that increased air pollution may have produced a fog-like haze that reflected/absorbed radiation from the sun and resulted in less solar radiation reaching the surface, despite concurrent increasing trends in cloud-free sky over China.

Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973, a fast growing cyanobacterial chassis for biosynthesis using light and CO 2

Abstract: Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973, a fast growing cyanobacterial chassis for biosynthesis using light and CO 2

An ab initio model of electron transport in hematite (α-Fe2O3) basal planes

Abstract: Transport of conduction electrons through basal planes of the hematite lattice was modeled as a valence alternation of iron cations using ab initio molecular orbital calculations and electron transfer theory. A cluster approach was successfully implemented to compute electron-transfer rate-controlling quantities such as the reorganization energy and electronic coupling matrix element. Localization of a conduction electron at an iron lattice site is accompanied by large iron–oxygen bond length increases that give rise to a large internal component of the reorganization energy (1.03 eV). The internal reorganization energy calculated directly is shown to differ from Nelsen’s four-point method due to the short-range covalent bridge interaction between the Fe–Fe electron transfer pair in the hematite structure. The external reorganization energy arising from modification of the lattice polarization surrounding the localization site is predicted to contribute significantly to the total reorganization energy. Th...

Disposable Carbon Nanotube Modified Screen‐Printed Biosensor for Amperometric Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides and Nerve Agents

Abstract: A disposable carbon nanotube-based biosensor was successfully developed and applied to the detection of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides and nerve agents The biosensors using acetycholinesterase (AChE)/choline oxidase (CHO) enzymes provided a high sensitivity, large linear range, and low detection limits for the analysis of OP compounds Such characteristics may be attributed to the catalytic activity of carbon nanotube to promote the redox reaction of hydrogen peroxide produced during AChE/CHO enzymatic reactions with their substrate, as well as the large surface area of carbon nanotube materials