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Institution

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

FacilityRichland, Washington, United States
About: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is a facility organization based out in Richland, Washington, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Aerosol. The organization has 11581 authors who have published 27934 publications receiving 1120489 citations. The organization is also known as: PNL & PNNL.
Topics: Catalysis, Aerosol, Mass spectrometry, Population, Ion


Papers
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Book ChapterDOI
12 Apr 1999
TL;DR: ARMCI provides one-sided communication capabilities for distributed array libraries and compiler run-time systems and supports remote memory copy, accumulate, and synchronization operations optimized for non-contiguous data transfers including strided and generalized UNIX I/O vector interfaces.
Abstract: This paper introduces a new portable communication library called ARMCI. ARMCI provides one-sided communication capabilities for distributed array libraries and compiler run-time systems. It supports remote memory copy, accumulate, and synchronization operations optimized for non-contiguous data transfers including strided and generalized UNIX I/O vector interfaces. The library has been employed in the Global Arrays shared memory programming toolkit and Adlib, a Parallel Compiler Run-time Consortium run-time system.

271 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The state-of-the-art and limitations for each of these materials classes are presented, along with possible avenues of research as discussed by the authors, with particular emphasis on national security needs and the goal of identifying the challenges and opportunities that this area represents for the materials science community.
Abstract: Due to events of the past two decades, there has been new and increased usage of radiation-detection technologies for applications in homeland security, nonproliferation, and national defense. As a result, there has been renewed realization of the materials limitations of these technologies and greater demand for the development of next-generation radiation-detection materials. This review describes the current state of radiation-detection material science, with particular emphasis on national security needs and the goal of identifying the challenges and opportunities that this area represents for the materials-science community. Radiation-detector materials physics is reviewed, which sets the stage for performance metrics that determine the relative merit of existing and new materials. Semiconductors and scintillators represent the two primary classes of radiation detector materials that are of interest. The state-of-the-art and limitations for each of these materials classes are presented, along with possible avenues of research. Novel materials that could overcome the need for single crystals will also be discussed. Finally, new methods of material discovery and development are put forward, the goal being to provide more predictive guidance and faster screening of candidate materials and thus, ultimately, the faster development of superior radiation-detection materials.

271 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
05 Oct 2015-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: A primary recommendation resulting from the review is to identify opportunities that enable public health professionals to integrate social media analytics into disease surveillance and outbreak management practice.
Abstract: Objective Research studies show that social media may be valuable tools in the disease surveillance toolkit used for improving public health professionals’ ability to detect disease outbreaks faster than traditional methods and to enhance outbreak response. A social media work group, consisting of surveillance practitioners, academic researchers, and other subject matter experts convened by the International Society for Disease Surveillance, conducted a systematic primary literature review using the PRISMA framework to identify research, published through February 2013, answering either of the following questions: Can social media be integrated into disease surveillance practice and outbreak management to support and improve public health? Can social media be used to effectively target populations, specifically vulnerable populations, to test an intervention and interact with a community to improve health outcomes? Examples of social media included are Facebook, MySpace, microblogs (e.g., Twitter), blogs, and discussion forums. For Question 1, 33 manuscripts were identified, starting in 2009 with topics on Influenza-like Illnesses (n = 15), Infectious Diseases (n = 6), Non-infectious Diseases (n = 4), Medication and Vaccines (n = 3), and Other (n = 5). For Question 2, 32 manuscripts were identified, the first in 2000 with topics on Health Risk Behaviors (n = 10), Infectious Diseases (n = 3), Non-infectious Diseases (n = 9), and Other (n = 10). Conclusions The literature on the use of social media to support public health practice has identified many gaps and biases in current knowledge. Despite the potential for success identified in exploratory studies, there are limited studies on interventions and little use of social media in practice. However, information gleaned from the articles demonstrates the effectiveness of social media in supporting and improving public health and in identifying target populations for intervention. A primary recommendation resulting from the review is to identify opportunities that enable public health professionals to integrate social media analytics into disease surveillance and outbreak management practice.

271 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A method to synthesize and stabilize metallic silver nanoparticles having diameters from 5 to 15 nm in supercritical CO{sub 2} using an optically transparent, water-in-CO{ sub 2} microemulsion is described.
Abstract: Reverse micelles and microemulsions formed in liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) allow highly polar or polarizable compounds to be dispersed in this nonpolar fluid. However, since the polarizability per unit volume of dense CO{sub 2} is quite low, it is difficult to overcome the strong van der Waals attractive interactions between particles in order to stably suspend macromolecular species. Conventional surfactants by themselves do not form reverse micelles or microemulsions in CO{sub 2} because the van der Waals interdroplet attractions are too high. The use of surfactants or cosurfactants with fluorinated tails provides a layer of a weakly attractive compound covering the highly attractive droplet cores, thus preventing their short-range interactions that would destabilize the system. Using this strategy, the authors describe a method to synthesize and stabilize metallic silver nanoparticles having diameters from 5 to 15 nm in supercritical CO{sub 2} using an optically transparent, water-in-CO{sub 2} microemulsion.

271 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A thermophilic bacterium that can use O2, NO3−, Fe(III), and S0 as terminal electron acceptors for growth was isolated from groundwater sampled at a 3.2-km depth in a South African gold mine and clustered most closely with members of the genusThermus, as determined by 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) sequence analysis.
Abstract: A thermophilic bacterium that can use O2, NO3-, Fe(III), and S0 as terminal electron acceptors for growth was isolated from groundwater sampled at a 3.2-km depth in a South African gold mine. This organism, designated SA-01, clustered most closely with members of the genus Thermus, as determined by 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) sequence analysis. The 16S rDNA sequence of SA-01 was >98% similar to that of Thermus strain NMX2 A.1, which was previously isolated by other investigators from a thermal spring in New Mexico. Strain NMX2 A.1 was also able to reduce Fe(III) and other electron acceptors. Neither SA-01 nor NMX2 A.1 grew fermentatively, i.e., addition of an external electron acceptor was required for anaerobic growth. Thermus strain SA-01 reduced soluble Fe(III) complexed with citrate or nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA); however, it could reduce only relatively small quantities (0.5 mM) of hydrous ferric oxide except when the humic acid analog 2,6-anthraquinone disulfonate was added as an electron shuttle, in which case 10 mM Fe(III) was reduced. Fe(III)-NTA was reduced quantitatively to Fe(II); reduction of Fe(III)-NTA was coupled to the oxidation of lactate and supported growth through three consecutive transfers. Suspensions of Thermus strain SA-01 cells also reduced Mn(IV), Co(III)-EDTA, Cr(VI), and U(VI). Mn(IV)-oxide was reduced in the presence of either lactate or H2. Both strains were also able to mineralize NTA to CO2 and to couple its oxidation to Fe(III) reduction and growth. The optimum temperature for growth and Fe(III) reduction by Thermus strains SA-01 and NMX2 A.1 is approximately 65 degrees C; their optimum pH is 6.5 to 7.0. This is the first report of a Thermus sp. being able to couple the oxidation of organic compounds to the reduction of Fe, Mn, or S.

270 citations


Authors

Showing all 11848 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Yi Cui2201015199725
Derek R. Lovley16858295315
Xiaoyuan Chen14999489870
Richard D. Smith140118079758
Taeghwan Hyeon13956375814
Jun Liu13861677099
Federico Capasso134118976957
Jillian F. Banfield12756260687
Mary M. Horowitz12755756539
Frederick R. Appelbaum12767766632
Matthew Jones125116196909
Rainer Storb12390558780
Zhifeng Ren12269571212
Wei Chen122194689460
Thomas E. Mallouk12254952593
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023130
2022459
20211,793
20201,795
20191,598
20181,619