Institution
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Facility•Richland, Washington, United States•
About: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is a facility organization based out in Richland, Washington, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Aerosol. The organization has 11581 authors who have published 27934 publications receiving 1120489 citations. The organization is also known as: PNL & PNNL.
Topics: Catalysis, Aerosol, Mass spectrometry, Ion, Adsorption
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, the activation of a lognormal size distribution of aerosols to form cloud droplets is extended to a sectional representation of the aerosol size distribution by calculating an effective critical supersaturation of all sections from which the maximum supersaturation is calculated using the previously derived parameterization.
Abstract: [1] A parameterization of the activation of a lognormal size distribution of aerosols to form cloud droplets is extended to a sectional representation of the aerosol size distribution. For each section, number concentration and chemical composition are uniform functions of particle radius. The parameterization is applied by calculating an effective critical supersaturation of all sections from which the maximum supersaturation of the air parcel is calculated using the previously derived parameterization. The Kohler theory is used to relate the aerosol size distribution and composition to the number activated for each section as a function of maximum supersaturation. For most cases, parametric results are within 10% of those obtained by detailed numerical computations for both idealized and measured aerosol size distributions. The parameterization thus provides an accurate method of treating the activation process for models that use a sectional representation of the aerosol size distribution.
254 citations
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TL;DR: H hierarchical porous CNT@Si@C microspheres are constructed as anodes for Li-ion batteries, enabling both high electrochemical performance and excellent mechanical strength, and provides insights into the design of electrode materials for other batteries.
Abstract: Porous structured silicon has been regarded as a promising candidate to overcome pulverization of silicon-based anodes. However, poor mechanical strength of these porous particles has limited their volumetric energy density towards practical applications. Here we design and synthesize hierarchical carbon-nanotube@silicon@carbon microspheres with both high porosity and extraordinary mechanical strength (>200 MPa) and a low apparent particle expansion of ~40% upon full lithiation. The composite electrodes of carbon-nanotube@silicon@carbon-graphite with a practical loading (3 mAh cm−2) deliver ~750 mAh g−1 specific capacity, 92% capacity retention over 500 cycles. This work is a leap in silicon anode development and provides insights into the design of electrode materials for other batteries. The authors here construct hierarchical porous CNT@Si@C microspheres as anodes for Li-ion batteries, enabling both high electrochemical performance and excellent mechanical strength. The work highlights the importance of mechanical properties in developing battery materials for practical applications.
254 citations
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TL;DR: These findings firmly established how the elemental species in the lattice of LMR cathode transfer from the bulk lattice to surface layer and further into the electrolyte, clarifying the long-standing confusion and debate on the structure and chemistry of the surfacelayer and their correlation with the voltage fading and capacity decaying of L MR cathode.
Abstract: Voltage and capacity fading of layer structured lithium and manganese rich (LMR) transition metal oxide is directly related to the structural and composition evolution of the material during the cycling of the battery. However, understanding such evolution at atomic level remains elusive. On the basis of atomic level structural imaging, elemental mapping of the pristine and cycled samples, and density functional theory calculations, it is found that accompanying the hoping of Li ions is the simultaneous migration of Ni ions toward the surface from the bulk lattice, leading to the gradual depletion of Ni in the bulk lattice and thickening of a Ni enriched surface reconstruction layer (SRL). Furthermore, Ni and Mn also exhibit concentration partitions within the thin layer of SRL in the cycled samples where Ni is almost depleted at the very surface of the SRL, indicating the preferential dissolution of Ni ions in the electrolyte. Accompanying the elemental composition evolution, significant structural evolu...
253 citations
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TL;DR: A general framework for hp-variational physics-informed neural networks (hp-VPINNs) based on the nonlinear approximation of shallow and deep neural networks and hp-refinement via domain decomposition and projection onto space of high-order polynomials is formulated.
253 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a high-resolution spatio-temporal assessment of the potential of microalgae for biofuel production is presented, which brings to bear fundamental questions of where production can occur, how many land and water resources are required, and how much energy is produced.
Abstract: [1] Microalgae are receiving increased global attention as a potential sustainable “energy crop” for biofuel production. An important step to realizing the potential of algae is quantifying the demands commercial-scale algal biofuel production will place on water and land resources. We present a high-resolution spatiotemporal assessment that brings to bear fundamental questions of where production can occur, how many land and water resources are required, and how much energy is produced. Our study suggests that under current technology, microalgae have the potential to generate 220 × 109 L yr−1 of oil, equivalent to 48% of current U.S. petroleum imports for transportation. However, this level of production requires 5.5% of the land area in the conterminous United States and nearly three times the water currently used for irrigated agriculture, averaging 1421 L water per liter of oil. Optimizing the locations for microalgae production on the basis of water use efficiency can greatly reduce total water demand. For example, focusing on locations along the Gulf Coast, southeastern seaboard, and Great Lakes shows a 75% reduction in consumptive freshwater use to 350 L per liter of oil produced with a 67% reduction in land use. These optimized locations have the potential to generate an oil volume equivalent to 17% of imports for transportation fuels, equal to the Energy Independence and Security Act year 2022 “advanced biofuels” production target and utilizing some 25% of the current irrigation demand. With proper planning, adequate land and water are available to meet a significant portion of the U.S. renewable fuel goals.
253 citations
Authors
Showing all 11848 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Yi Cui | 220 | 1015 | 199725 |
Derek R. Lovley | 168 | 582 | 95315 |
Xiaoyuan Chen | 149 | 994 | 89870 |
Richard D. Smith | 140 | 1180 | 79758 |
Taeghwan Hyeon | 139 | 563 | 75814 |
Jun Liu | 138 | 616 | 77099 |
Federico Capasso | 134 | 1189 | 76957 |
Jillian F. Banfield | 127 | 562 | 60687 |
Mary M. Horowitz | 127 | 557 | 56539 |
Frederick R. Appelbaum | 127 | 677 | 66632 |
Matthew Jones | 125 | 1161 | 96909 |
Rainer Storb | 123 | 905 | 58780 |
Zhifeng Ren | 122 | 695 | 71212 |
Wei Chen | 122 | 1946 | 89460 |
Thomas E. Mallouk | 122 | 549 | 52593 |