Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

About: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is a facility organization based out in Richland, Washington, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Aerosol. The organization has 11581 authors who have published 27934 publications receiving 1120489 citations. The organization is also known as: PNL & PNNL.

Direct in Situ Determination of the Mechanisms Controlling Nanoparticle Nucleation and Growth

Abstract: Although nanocrystal morphology is controllable using conventional colloidal synthesis, multiple characterization techniques are typically needed to determine key properties like the nucleation rate, induction time, growth rate, and the resulting morphology. Recently, researchers have demonstrated growth of nanocrystals by in situ electron beam reduction, offering direct observations of single nanocrystals and eliminating the need for multiple characterization techniques; however, they found nanocrystal morphologies consistent with two different growth mechanisms for the same electron beam parameters. Here we show that the electron beam current plays a role analogous to the concentration of reducing agent in conventional synthesis, by controlling the growth mechanism and final morphology of silver nanocrystals grown via in situ electron beam reduction. We demonstrate that low beam currents encourage reaction limited growth that yield nanocrystals with faceted structures, while higher beam currents encoura...

Radiation effects in glasses used for immobilization of high-level waste and plutonium disposition

Abstract: This paper is a comprehensive review of the state-of-knowledge in the field of radiation effects in glasses that are to be used for the immobilization of high-level nuclear waste and plutonium disposition. The current status and issues in the area of radiation damage processes, defect generation, microstructure development, theoretical methods and experimental methods are reviewed. Questions of fundamental and technological interest that offer opportunities for research are identified.

Measurement of the τ Lepton Polarization and R (D * ) in the Decay B ̄ →D * τ - ν ̄ τ

Abstract: We report the first measurement of the tau lepton polarization P-tau(D*) in the decay (B) over bar -> D* tau(-) (v) over bar (tau) as well as a newmeasurement of the ratio of the branching fractions R(D*) = B((B) over bar -> D* tau(-) (v) over bar (tau)) / B((B) over bar -> D* l(-) (v) over bar (l)), where l(-) denotes an electron or a muon, and the tau is reconstructed in the modes tau(-) -> pi(-) v(tau) and tau(-) -> rho(-) v(tau). We use the full data sample of 772 x 10(6) B (B) over bar pairs recorded with the Belle detector at the (KEKB) over bar electron-positron collider. Our results, P-tau(D*) = -0.38 +/- 0.51 (stat)(-0.16)(+0.21) (syst) and R(D*) = 0.270 +/- 0.035 (stat)(- 0.025)(+0.028) (syst), are consistent with the theoretical predictions of the standard model.

A transcriptomic atlas of aged human microglia

Abstract: With a rapidly aging global human population, finding a cure for late onset neurodegenerative diseases has become an urgent enterprise. However, these efforts are hindered by the lack of understanding of what constitutes the phenotype of aged human microglia—the cell type that has been strongly implicated by genetic studies in the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative disease. Here, we establish the set of genes that is preferentially expressed by microglia in the aged human brain. This HuMi_Aged gene set captures a unique phenotype, which we confirm at the protein level. Furthermore, we find this gene set to be enriched in susceptibility genes for Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis, to be increased with advancing age, and to be reduced by the protective APOEe2 haplotype. APOEe4 has no effect. These findings confirm the existence of an aging-related microglial phenotype in the aged human brain and its involvement in the pathological processes associated with brain aging.

TEMPO-Based Catholyte for High-Energy Density Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Abstract: A TEMPO-based non-aqueous electrolyte with the TEMPO concentration as high as 2.0 m is demonstrated as a high-energy-density catholyte for redox flow battery applications. With a hybrid anode, Li|TEMPO flow cells using this electrolyte deliver an energy efficiency of ca. 70% and an impressively high energy density of 126 W h L(-1) .