Showing papers by "Panasonic published in 1971"

Nonohmic Properties of Zinc Oxide Ceramics

Abstract: Nonohmic properties of ZnO ceramics with five additives of Bi2O3, CoO, MnO, Cr2O3, and Sb2O3 are studied in relation to sintering temperature, additive content, and temperature dependence. The observation of electron photomicrographs and X-ray microanalysis proves a ceramic microstructure such that ZnO and these five oxides form, at the grain boundaries, segregation layers which are responsible for the nonohmic properties. The electrical resistivity and dielectric constant of segregation layers are estimated to be 1013 ohm-cm, and 170, respectively by using a simple model. The electric field strength corresponding to the steep rise in the current is also estimated to be 104 V/cm by taking account of the concentration of applied voltage at the segregation layer. In view of these data and simple model, a possible explanation for nonohmic properties is discussed.

Piezoelectric ceramic compositions

Abstract: Ceramic compositions within the polygonal area defined by the formulas Pb(Mn1/3Ta2/3)0.030Ti0.470Zr0.500O3 Pb(Mn1/3Ta2/3)0.250Ti0.500Zr0.250O3 Pb(Mn1/3Ta2/3)0.375Ti0.375Zr0.250O3 Pb(Mn1/3Ta2/3)0.250Ti0.125Zr0.62503 ARE PARTICULARLY USEFUL FOR MAKING TRANSDUCER ELEMENTS.

Dc electroluminescent crossed-grid panel with digitally controlled gray scale

Abstract: A scanning apparatus for a DC electroluminescent crossed-grid panel has an X-line driving circuit, a Y-line driving circuit, a video signal generator, a timing signal generator, a sample-hold circuit, an analog-to-digital converter, and a width-control signal generator The Y-line driver has a set of first memory circuits for writing sequentially coded video signals for one horizontal line period, a set of second memory circuits for simultaneously holding the coded video signals during one horizontal line period, and a set of brightness control circuits for supplying Y-line driving pulses to corresponding Y-lines in response to the coded video signals

Second Class Exciton Structure in Stannic Oxide

Abstract: A sharp line series has been found at the beginning of the fundamental optical absorption spectra of SnO 2 below 80°K for light polarized E ⊥ c . The series is identified as being a second class exciton structure, since it satisfies a hydrogen-like series relation beginning with n =2 quantum state and, in addition, is followed by a continuum spectrum with absorption coefficient varying as ( h ν- E gap ) 3/2 . The results of Zeeman effect measurements are consistent with group theoretical predictions based on a crystal field-split valence band of oxygen 2 p functions and a crystal field-split conduction band of Sn 5 s functions, both having their extrema at k =0. By a quantitative comparison with an anisotropic-exciton-mass formalism, the effective Rydberg constant, the band gap energy and the anisotropic exciton-reduced-masses are estimated as 0.0345 eV, 3.5969 eV (at 1.8°K) and µ x =0.33 m 0 , µ z =0.30 m 0 , respectively.

Electrical and Optical Properties of Reduced Stannic Oxide Crystals

Abstract: Undoped SnO2 single crystals are heat-treated in vacuum for the purpose to "reduce" the crystals. Hall effect and free carrier absorption are measured on the reduced crystals. The experimental results are interpreted satisfactorily with the concept of degenerate semiconductor.

Properties of Oxidized SnO 2 Single Crystals

Abstract: Undoped SnO2 single crystals are heat-treated in high pressure oxygen gas for the purpose to "oxidize" the crystals. The decrease in carrier density with the advance of the oxidization is examined by means of infrared transmission measurements. It is concluded that the "oxidizing procedure" effectively diminishes the amount of native defects involved in the crystals. Spectral dependence of the ultraviolet photoconductivity of the oxidized crystals is analysed in relation to the band structure of the material.

Temperature Dependence of the Fundamental Optical Absorption Edge in Stannic Oxide

Abstract: The anisotropic fundamental absorption edge spectra edge spectra of SnO 2 have been studied in a temperature range from 7 to 350°K. The spectra are quite different in the energy of absorption edge, in shape and also in temperature dependence for two polarized lights ( E ⊥ c and E // c ). Two direct edges are observed for light E ⊥ c ; at low temperatures, the spectra begin with second class exciton transitions at \(\varGamma\)-point, while at high temperatures, the spectra are interpreted in terms of Urbach's rule, and are assumed to arise from transitions from the second valence band to the lowest conduction band at \(\varGamma\)-point. For light E // c , it was found that (absorption coefficient) 2/7 is proportional to photon energy for the whole temperature range investigated, and that the shape of the spectra shows only slight temperature dependence. A possible explanation that the spectra arise from “fourth class” direct trantions at \(\varGamma\)-point is discussed.

Brake means for a bicycle

Abstract: Brake means for a bicycle having a recessed portion provided on either one of the contact portions between a wheel rim and a brake rubber piece and extending in the direction of the periphery of said rim, the other of the contact portions being provided with at least one projection adapted to be brought into engagement with said recess, the arrangement being such that a wedging action is created when the recess and the projection are pressed with each other to produce a strong braking force. Further, the wheel rim may be provided on its recess or projection with uneveness across the recess or projection so as to facilitate draining of water and prevent the braking effect from being reduced in a rainy weather.

Current control circuit for a plurality of loads

Abstract: An electronic circuit for switching and controlling a current flowing through a plurality of loads so that it is proportional to a reference signal irrespective of an unbalance and a variation of the hFE values of current amplifying transistors wherein a current detector detects the total current flowing through the loads and the output of said detector is used as a feedback signal. When the circuit is used to control an electronically commutated motor, a motor generating a smooth and constant torque is easily obtained.

Field effect semiconductor device

Abstract: A field effect semiconductor switching device of high breakdown voltage and large current capacity having negative resistance characteristics which are controllable by an electric field.

Clamping units for use in packaging

Abstract: A clamping unit comprising a member (A) having a cylindrical portion adapted to be inserted into a through-hole formed in a wall of a packaging box, a flange portion adapted to be closely fitted over the peripheral edge of said through-hole, an axial through-hole and grooves circumferentially formed in the end surface of said cylindrical portion or the front surface of said flange portion along the peripheral edge of said through-hole; and a member (B) having a cylindrical portion adapted to be inserted into a through-hole formed in the confronting wall of another packaging box, a flange portion adapted to be fitted over the peripheral edge of said through-hole, engaging projections adapted to be inserted into the axial through-hole of said member (A) and locking means adapted to elastically engage the end surface of the cylindrical portion or the inner peripheral surface of the axial through-hole of said member (A), said member (B) being inserted into said member (A), whereby the locking means of said member (B) are strongly elastically forced into the grooves of said member (A) and said member (A) is disengageably positively secured to said member (B).

Analytical study of a cadmium ion-selective ceramic membrane electrode

Abstract: A cadmium ion-selective membrane electrode has been developed by applying a hot-pressing method The membrane contains cadmium sulphide, silver sulphide, and copper(I)-sulphide

Sliding type variable resistor

Abstract: A sliding type variable resistor having a resistance element and a conductive element mounted in parallel with each other on a dielectric base, a slider having a conductor on its lower surface, a guide rail for guiding the sliding movement of the slider, a housing covering the dielectric base for accommodating thereinside the slider and the guide rail, and an operating means fixed to the slider and projecting to the exterior through a slot in the upper wall of the housing. In the variable resistor, supporting pedestals are provided at longitudinal opposite end portions of the dielectric base for supporting the opposite ends of the guide rail thereby to ensure smooth and stable sliding movement of the slider.

Electrochemical Synthesis and Photovoltaic Effect of Copper Sulfides on CdS Single Crystals

Abstract: Copper-sulfide layer is electrochemically produced on CdS single crystals in copper ion solution with various bias current densities. The compositions and structures of the copper sulfides are determined by means of the X-ray powder and single crystal methods. The phases of the copper sulfides formed on CdS crystals change not only by the bias electric current density but also by the temperature of solution. On examining the photovoltaic effects for all combinations of the copper sulfides and CdS, it is shown that the best combination for the solar cell is the Cu2S-CdS pair.

Signal-selecting system for a keyboard type electronic musical instrument

Abstract: A signal-selecting system for a keyboard type electronic musical instrument comprising keyswitches, memory means, tone signal sources, signal-switching means, frequency dividers, keyselecting means, octave-selecting means, detecting means and a power source. By employing memory means and tone signal sources corresponding to the notes of one octave, a signal selecting operation for several octaves can be carried out by detecting the extreme keyswitch group and detecting the extreme keyswitch in each of the keyswitch groups even when a plurality of keyswitches corresponding to several octaves are closed simultaneously. The tone signals which do not correspond to the provided tone signal sources are provided by dividing the frequency of the corresponding original octave by a factor of two in each divider.

Apparatus for ensuring dc power supply from either ac or rechargeable dc source

Abstract: A power supply apparatus for supplying DC power to an electric appliance such as a radio receiver, a television receiver and the like is adapted to be connected selectively to an AC power source or a rechargeable battery for producing DC power, the connection being changeable manually and also automatically when the AC power is interrupted.

Ultrasonic detection apparatus

Abstract: This invention relates to an ultrasonic detection apparatus, in which ultrasonic wave is produced by a constant frequency oscillator provided at the side of transmission, said wave is transmitted through a transmitting transducer and received by a receiving transducer, the output of the receiving transducer is amplified and rectified, and then a part of the thus rectified output is positively fed back to an amplifier of the transmittance side through a variable gain circuit.

Apparatus for individually measuring a plurality of dosimeter elements fixed in a single frame

Abstract: A thermoluminescence dosimetry system in which a composite thermoluminescence dosimeter having a plurality of thermoluminescent elements fixed in a single frame and a thermoluminescence readout instrument are combined to efficiently, simply and reliably analyze the doses of radiant rays.

Cassette-type magnetic tape recording and reproducing apparatus

Abstract: A double recording preventing means for use in a small-sized cassette tape recording and reproducing apparatus including a manual operation mode change-over lever and a hole sensing lever taking two different positions depending upon the presence and absence of a double recording preventing hole in a cassette to be recorded or reproduced, and a manual record lever for actuating a record switch through a switching lever in accordance with the position of the hole sensing lever in association with the operation of the change-over lever. On a base plate of the apparatus mounting a slidable plate carrying transducer heads and a pinch roller, the means comprises a projection in the slidable plate, a hook-like projection of the hole sensing lever, and first and second cutouts of the switching lever engageable with respectively the above-mentioned projections, the projection of the hole sensing lever being engaged with the first cutout in the presence of the double recording preventing hole to render the switching lever immovable, while in the absence of such a hole, the projection of the slidable head carrying plate being allowed to be engaged with the second cutout of the switching lever and shift the switching lever into the recording operating state of the apparatus by simultaneous actuations of the record lever and the operation mode change-over lever.

Continuous plating apparatus

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously plating a sheet of a metal such as steel comprising means for feeding a sheet to be plated, pretreatment baths, a plating bath, aftertreatment baths and a winder for taking up the plated sheet all arranged successively in a row, said baths having therein aligned slits for allowing the sheet to be passed linearly therethrough in a manner that the sheet is held vertical, said plating bath having therein means for causing plating liquid to flow in parallel relation with the sheet whereby a plating of good quality may be rapidly attained without any fold and wrinkle produced in the sheet.

Forced suction and exhaust type gas burner apparatus

Abstract: A forced suction and exhaust type gas burner apparatus comprising a gas burner unit and a fan motor for forcibly sucking air into said burner unit from the outdoor and exhausting the combustion gases from said burner unit to the outdoor so as to prevent air pollution in the room in which the burner unit is disposed and thereby to provide a sanitary environment inside the room. The gas burner apparatus is so designed that a stable combustion can be obtained and the suction and exhaust can be achieved in a rational manner, irrespective of variations in the flow resistances of suction and exhaust passages, the type of a gas used and line voltage and of differences in local frequency.

Dielectric ceramic composition comprising lead-lanthanum titanate solid solution

Abstract: Dielectric ceramic having a high dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss over a wide frequency range of 1 kHz to 30 MHz, a small temperature coefficient of dielectric constant, high stability with time, a high breakdown voltage and high mechanical strength is a sintered mixture composed essentially of 65 to 96 percent by weight of BaTiO3, 3 to 20 percent by weight of [Pb1-xLa2x(1-y)Ti1+xy-xO3-xy](where x is a 0.15 to 0.8 mole and y is 0.5 to 0.9 mole), 1 to 15 percent by weight of BaZrO3, and/or, as additives, up to 10 percent by weight of at least one additive selected from the group consisting of Bi2O3, Bi2(TiO3)3, Bi2(SnO5), Bi2(ZrO3) and SiO2.

Signal seeking type auto-tuning television receiver

Abstract: A signal seeking type auto-tuning television receiver including a tuning means which has a reversely biased voltage variable capacitance diode, a main detecting means which comprises a limiter with a filtering circuit and a frequency discriminator for detecting sound IF carrier signals and developing a main control signal, a subsidiary detecting means which comprises a tuned amplifier, a transistor detector and a rectifier for detecting picture IF carrier signals and developing a subsidiary control signal, and a scanning means coupled to the tuning means to supply a sweep voltage to the voltage variable capacitance diode and controlled by the main and subsidiary control signals so as to stop when a desired television signal is received and so as not to stop when undesired noises are detected.

Vertical deflection device for use in television receivers

Abstract: In a vertical deflection device for use in a television receiver comprising a pulse oscillator, a switching element actuable in response to a pulse from the pulse oscillator, an integrating circuit connected to the switching element, and a deflection coil connected to the integrating circuit, the fly-back pulse applied to the input terminal of the deflection coil or a pulse obtained by shaping said fly-back pulse is applied to the switching element. Stable vertical deflection can be ensured independently of the variation of the pulse width of the pulse generated by the pulse oscillator.

Method of making a multi-channel magnetic head

Abstract: A method of making a multi-channel magnetic head. Two blocks of magnetic material are provided, each of which has one surface smoothly polished and has one groove in the polished surface. The blocks are joined to each other with the grooved surfaces opposed to each other and a gap material between them and so that the grooves face each other. A conductive rod is inserted into the bore formed by the grooves. Slots perpendicular to and extending across the grooves are cut in the joined blocks and through the rod. Two conductive plates are inserted into each of the slots so that they are in separate electrical contact with the remaining portions of the conductive rod. The slots are filled with adhesive material. The resultant composite body is cut at a plane between the bore defined by the grooves and the bottom of the slots to form a stack of a plurality of single-turn elementary heads separated from each other by the adhesive material.