Showing papers by "Panasonic published in 1994"

Amine compound and electro-luminescence device comprising same

Abstract: The present invention provides novel amine compounds useful as electron-transporting materials to be incorporated in organic electro-luminescence devices. More particularly, the present invention provides an organic electro-luminescence device (organic EL device) which can find wide application in various display units, requires a low applied voltage and exhibits a high luminance and an excellent stability.

Image encoding apparatus

Abstract: An image encoding apparatus (K1) comprises: a blocking unit (102) for dividing a first image signal into a plurality of blocks; a frame memory (103) for storing a second image signal of a preceding frame; a motion vector memory (104) for storing motion vector data of a block abutting on an encoding block; a search data calculator (105) which calculates one probable vector from the motion vector data stored in the motion vector memory (104) and calculates as search data, data for setting as a first area for closely searching for a motion vector, an area not only including a block predicted by the probable vector but smaller than a search area on a referential frame and for setting as a second area for roughly searching for the motion vector, an area including a search area other than the first area; and a motion vector detector (106) for detecting the motion vector from the first and second image signals by using the search data.

Surface acoustic wave device mounted module

Abstract: This invention provides a surface acoustic wave device mounted module which is miniature, light, and highly reliable. The surface acoustic wave device mounted module also has excellent frequency characteristics. The surface acoustic wave device mounted module includes a multilayer substrate which has at least one layer of a shield pattern, input-output electrodes, grounding electrodes, through holes used for connecting electrodes, and a surface acoustic wave element. The surface acoustic wave element has metallic bumps, which are transfer-coated with a conductive resin, on electrode pads and an insulating resin around the surface acoustic wave element. The electrode pads are input-output terminals and grounding terminals formed on the surface acoustic wave element. Continuities between the input-output terminals and the input-output electrodes, and between the grounding terminals and the grounding electrodes are established by the through holes. An electrode pattern is formed on the surface of the multilayer substrate facing and surrounding the surface acoustic wave element. A metallic lid is attached to the electrode pattern by a solder or a conductive resin so that the surface acoustic wave element is sealed in an airtight condition. The electrode pattern is connected to the grounding electrodes by the through holes.

An acoustic-phonetic-based speaker adaptation technique for improving speaker-independent continuous speech recognition

Abstract: A new speaker adaptation technique is proposed for improving speaker-independent continuous speech recognition based on a decomposition of spectral variation sources. In this technique, the spectral variations are separated into two categories, one acoustic and the other phone-specific, where each variation source is modeled by a linear transformation system. The technique consists of two sequential steps: first, acoustic normalization is performed, and second, phone model parameters are adapted. Experiments of speaker adaptation on the TIMIT database using short calibration speech (5 s per speaker) have shown significant performance improvement over the baseline speaker-independent continuous speech recognition, where the recognition system uses Gaussian mixture density based hidden Markov models of phone units. For a vocabulary size of 853 and test set perplexity of 104, the recognition word accuracy has been improved from 86.9% for the baseline system to 90.5% after adaptation, corresponding to an error reduction of 27.5%. On a more difficult test set that contains an additional variation source due to recording channel mismatch, a more significant performance improvement has been obtained: for the same vocabulary and a test set perplexity of 101, the recognition word accuracy has been improved from 65.4% for the baseline to 86.0% after adaptation, corresponding to an error reduction of 59.5%. >

Voice source for synthetic speech system

Abstract: The voice source for the synthetic speech system is human generated speech waveforms that are inverse filtered to produce glottal waveforms representing larynx sound. These glottal waveforms are modified in pitch and amplitude, as required, to produce the desired sound. The human quality of the synthetically generated voice is further brought out by adding vocal tract effects, as desired. The pitch control is effected in one of two alternate ways, a loop method, or a concatenation method.

A robust algorithm for word boundary detection in the presence of noise

Abstract: The authors address the problem of automatic word boundary detection in quiet and in the presence of noise. Attention has been given to automatic word boundary detection for both additive noise and noise-induced changes in the talker's speech production (Lombard reflex). After a comparison of several automatic word boundary detection algorithms in different noisy-Lombard conditions, they propose a new algorithm that is robust in the presence of noise. This new algorithm identifies islands of reliability (essentially the portion of speech contained between the first and the last vowel) using time and frequency-based features and then, after a noise classification, applies a noise adaptive procedure to refine the boundaries. It is shown that this new algorithm outperforms the commonly used algorithm developed by Lamel (1981) et al. and several other recently developed methods. They evaluated the average recognition error rate due to word boundary detection in an HMM-based recognition system across several signal-to-noise ratios and noise conditions. The recognition error rate decreased to about 20% compared to an average of approximately 50% obtained with a modified version of the Lamel et al. algorithm. >

Connecting member of a circuit substrate and method of manufacturing multilayer circuit substrates by using the same

Abstract: A connecting member of circuit substrates includes an organic porous base material provided with tackfree films on both sides, through-holes disposed at requested places which are filled with conductive resin compound up to the surface of the tackfree films. This structure enables inner-via-hole connection and can therefore attain a connecting member of circuit substrates and an electrical connector of high reliability and high quality. By using a connecting member of circuit substrates including the organic porous base material provided with tackfree films on both sides and through-holes disposed at requested places which are filled with conductive resin compound up to the surface of the tackfree films, it is possible to form a high-multilayer substrate easily from double sided boards or four-layer substrates which can be manufactured rather stably. In addition to that, since the conductive paste is filled up to the surface of the tackfree films, the conductive paste sticks out from the surface of the organic porous base material when the tackfree films are separated. As a result, the filled amount of the conductive substance increases after the lamination, and thus, the connection resistance is reduced considerably.

Vehicle recognition apparatus

Abstract: An apparatus for recognizing contours of a preceding vehicle from road images input by the use of vehicle-mounted cameras is described. The cameras view an object in front of the vehicle having the apparatus thereon and measure a distance to the recognized preceding vehicle. The apparatus includes image input video cameras, A/D converters, image memories, an image processing MPU, a display, an output interface, and a display controller.

Compound objective lens having two focal points

Abstract: A compound objective lens is composed of a hologram lens for transmitting a part of incident light without any diffraction to form a beam of transmitted light and diffracting a remaining part of the incident light to form a beam of first-order diffracted light, and an objective lens for converging the transmitted light to form a first converging spot on a front surface of a thin type of first information medium and converging the diffracted light to form a second converging spot on a front surface of a thick type of second information medium. Because the hologram lens selectively functions as a concave lens for the diffracted light, a curvature of the transmitted light differs from that of the diffracted light. Therefore, even though the first and second information mediums have different thicknesses, the transmitted light incident on a rear surface of the first information medium is converged on the its front surface, and the diffracted light incident on a rear surface of the second information medium is converged on the its front surface. That is, the compound objective lens has two focal points.

Information recording medium and apparatus and method for recording and reproducing information

Abstract: The data recording/reproducing apparatus of the present invention efficiently performs a trickplay mode operation such as fast forward reproducing and rewind reproducing and a postrecording operation by using a data recording medium storing a variable-bitrate-compressed video data. Each AV file in the video data includes chapter data and first and second pointer data. Each GOP data in the chapter data includes one independent picture data and a plurality of dependent picture data. The first pointer data includes the location data of the independent picture data, and the second pointer data includes the location data of the first pointer data. Further, each GOP data includes an audio data interleaved with the picture data. The first pointer data includes the location data of the corresponding audio data, and the second pointer data includes the location data of the corresponding first pointer data. A hierarchical location data for retrieving the independent picture data and/or the audio data is formed by the first and second pointers.

Multilayer microstrip wiring board with a semiconductor device mounted thereon via bumps

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a microstrip wiring board. The microstrip wiring board includes a substrate having a main surface, a ground conductor extending on the main surface of the substrate, a dielectric film extending on the ground conductor, and a metal wiring line extending on the dielectric film. A semiconductor chip is connected to the microstrip wiring board via a bump.

Program table displaying apparatus

Abstract: A program table displaying apparatus includes a display controlling apparatus for displaying a program table for a plurality of programs in a table on a display. The table has a horizontal row with a channel number identifying a channel corresponding to one of the programs and a vertical row with a time number for the channel. The television program table is derived from a plurality teletext broadcasts. Also included is a program reserving apparatus for reserving a desired program by selecting one of the programs. A time comparing apparatus is further provided for comparing a current displayed time frame and the time number for the channel to determine if there is a corresponding program for the displayed time frame. Further provided is a minute information extracting means for extracting minute data corresponding to said corresponding program. A program title extracting apparatus is also included for extracting a program title corresponding to the corresponding program and a number of rows calculating apparatus is provided for calculating a number of rows from the minute data and the number of letters in the program title. Finally, a time frame determining apparatus is included for determining a corresponding time frame from the calculated number of rows.

Graphical-interactive-screen display apparatus and peripheral units

Abstract: A program receiver for displaying a graphical interactive picture by receiving a program transmitted from a program transmitter, the program receiver comprising: a storage unit for storing a plurality of basic picture elements in advance, the plurality of basic picture elements being figures composing the graphical interactive picture manipulated by a user; a signal receipt unit for receiving a signal transmitted from the program transmitter, the signal being a multiplex signal including a program and data specifying a structure of the graphical interactive picture; a signal separation unit for separating the signal received by the signal receipt unit into a program signal and a graphical-interactive-picture-structure specification data signal; a first graphical interactive picture generation unit for generating the graphical interactive picture by combining the basic picture elements stored in the storage unit based on the graphical-interactive-picture-structure specification data signal from the signal separation unit; and a display unit for displaying the graphical interactive picture generated by the first graphical interactive picture generation unit.

Burst signal transmitter

Abstract: A power amplifier amplifies a modulated carrier signal having an amplitude modulation component and a phase modulation component to generate a transmission signal. Part of the transmission signal is extracted by a monitor circuit. The detection signal detected by an envelope detector is compared with a burst control signal by a differential amplifier. The resulting error signal is input to a gain control terminal of a power amplifier through a sample and hold circuit, thus forming a feed-back loop. The sample and hold circuit outputs a sample signal during the transmission signal ramping-up and ramping-down periods, thus effectively turning ON the feed-back loop to an ON to control the transmission signal ramping-up and ramping-down. The sample and hold circuit outputs the hold signal during a modulated data transmission period, effectively turning OFF the feedback loop. As a result, a burst transmission output with a stable transmission power level can be obtained.

Sound field and sound image control apparatus and method

Abstract: The apparatus of the invention calculates filter coefficients for controlling sound field and sound image, based on a plurality of first impulse response signals and a pair of second impulse response signals. The plurality of first impulse response signals indicate impulse responses from loudspeakers reproducing audio signals to both ears of a listener. The pair of second impulse response signals indicate impulse responses from a reference loudspeaker at a position at which a sound image is localized to both ears of the listener. The apparatus includes: a feature extracting section for receiving the pair of second impulse response signals, for extracting parameters representing features of the pair of second impulse response signals, and for outputting parameter signals; a signal adjusting section for adjusting at least one of the plurality of first impulse response signals based on the parameter signals, and for outputting a pair of third impulse response signals having the same features as the extracted features; and a coefficient calculating section for calculating the filter coefficients for controlling the sound field and sound image, based on the plurality of first impulse response signals and the pair of third impulse response signals applied from the signal adjusting means.

Color converting apparatus for performing a three-dimensional color conversion of a colored picture in a color space with a small capacity of memory

Abstract: A color converting apparatus is provided with a table memory for storing pieces of color converting data defined in an output color space at color converting addresses, and a signal receiving section for receiving three signals designating an input color in a lightness-color difference space. The color converting addresses are placed at lattice points of cubic blocks formed by partitioning the lightness-color difference space in a lightness direction and first and second color difference directions. Each of the cubic blocks has the lattice points Pa, Pb, Pc and Pd at its lower plane and the lattice points Pe, Pf, Pg and Ph at its upper plane. Each of the cubic blocks is partitioned into a first triangular prism having the lattice points Pa, Pb, Pc, Pe, Pf and Pg and a second triangular prism having the lattice points Pa, Pd, Pc, Pe, Ph and Pg. A particular triangular prism in which the input color is included is specified, and six pieces of color converting data Da, Db (or Dd), Dc, De, Df (or Dh) and Dg addressed at the lattice points Pa, Pb (or Pd), Pc, Pe (or Ph), Pf of the particular triangular prism are read out from the table memory, and an output color which corresponds to the input color and is defined in the output space is interpolated with the color converting data read out.

Force-feedback data input device

Abstract: A force sensation exhibiting device has a housing which can be grasped by a hand, at least one rotatably or linearly movable motor contained in the housing , an input section where repulsive force informations are input, and control circuit for driving and controlling said motor according to the repulsive force informations, wherein a force sensation is given to said hand by a drive of the motor.

Stator of dynamo-electric machine

Abstract: A stator of a dynamo-electric machine includes core pieces obtained by laminating iron plates divided in a circumferential direction per pole-tooth unit and having projecting and recessed engaging parts at their dividing faces, and then welding the iron plates by laser at their inner and outer peripheries A winding part is formed around each pole-tooth unit of the core pieces A predetermined number of the core pieces are bonded into the loop, with the projecting and recessed engaging parts engaged with each other and rigidly welded at outer peripheries of bonding faces by laser in a laminating direction

Rechargeable lithium cell and process for making an anode for use in the cell

Abstract: This invention relates to a rechargeable lithium cell comprises a cathode having a discharge potential not less than 2 V relative to a Li/Li⁺ anode, an anode capable of doping and un-doping lithium and made of a material comprising a lithium titanate having a spinnel structure and represented by the general formula, LixTiyO₄ wherein 0.8≦x≦1.4 and 1.6≦y≦2.2, a separator separating the cathode and the anode from each other, and an electrolytic solution impregnated at least in the separator and dissolving a lithium salt in a non-aqueous solvent. When subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis, the material has peaks at least at 4.84 ± 0.02 angstroms, 2.53 ± 0.02 angstroms, 2.09 ± 0.02 angstroms and 1.48 ± 0.02 angstroms and a ratio of a peak intensity at 4.84 ± 0.02 angstroms and a peak intensity at 1.48 ± 0.02 angstroms of 100:30 ±10. The material may consist of the lithium titanate or mixed crystals of the lithium titanate and rutile-type titanium dioxide. A process for making the anode is also described.

Waveguide-type image transmission device and fingerprint identification device

Abstract: A card-shaped waveguide-type image transmission device has an image transmission base member piled up on a light illumination base member, and an optical system such as grating patterns and diffraction lens pattern for diffracting and focusing light beams are formed on the surfaces of the image transmission base member and the light illumination base member. The card-shaped waveguide-type image transmission device is integrated with an ID card, an IC card, an optical card or a ROM card as a fingerprint identification device.

Sleep detecting apparatus

Abstract: Movement of a person in bed is detected without contacting the body, and time measurement is reset and started newly by a timer every time a detected movement exceeds a predetermined set value. When the measurement time of the timer exceeds a set time predetermined, it is judged that the body has fallen asleep on the bed. Meanwhile, absence or presence in bed and rough body movement are judged by detecting the fine body movement propagated by the functioning of heart and breathing of the body.

Method of manufacturing organic oriented film and method of manufacturing electronic device

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an organic electronic device having a substrate and a pair of electrodes facing each other, including the steps of forming a polytetrafluoroethylene oriented film on a substrate, and contacting an oligothiophene compound with the polytetrafluoroethylene oriented film to form an organic oriented film on the polytetrafluoroethylene oriented film between the pair of electrodes wherein the long axis of oligothiophene molecules is oriented to the orientation of the polytetrafluoroethylene oriented film and crystallized.

Optical disk capable of recording information on both groove and land tracks

Abstract: An optical recording medium includes a groove track and a land track provided on a resin substrate. Each of the tracks is divided into a plurality of sectors for every turn. Each sector has an ID region, a servo region, and an information region. A pit in the ID region is formed so as to span across both the groove track and the land track. The first wobble pit and the second wobble pit are provided on both sides of the center line of each track, and they are spaced with each other in the direction of the track. Thus, since a larger width of the pit can be provided, production of the optical recording medium can be facilitated. Moreover, since the center of the track can be detected accurately by the first and second wobble pits, accurate tracking control can be performed.

A capillary for a wire bonding apparatus and a method for forming an electric connection bump using the capillary

Abstract: The capillary for ball bonding for forming a bump on the electrode pad of a semiconductor device includes a pressing member having a bore therein for supplying a metal wire, and a leveling member. The pressing member presses the ball-like end of the metal wire against the electrode pad in order to secure the ball-like end to the electrode pad under pressure. The leveling member makes the bump formed on the electrode pad to a predetermined height. According to the method of forming a bump using the capillary, first, a ball is formed at the end of the metal wire supplied from the bore. A first portion of the bump is formed by moving the capillary downwards and by securing the ball-like end to the electrode pad under pressure by the pressing member. A second portion of the bump is formed on the first portion by supplying the metal wire while the capillary is moved. When the capillary is moved downwards, a portion of the metal wire constituting the second portion is cut from the remaining portion of the metal wire in the bore by an edge of the pressing member, and simultaneously the bump is leveled by the leveling member.

Simulator for producing various living environments mainly for visual perception

Abstract: The present invention provides a simulator which is easy to manipulate, and with which a user can experience a realistic simulation in various 3-D spaces, or a designer can understand physical environment conditions with the spaces intuitively or analyze mutual affects when there are a plurality of people in the spaces. The simulator comprises an input manipulation unit that the user can manipulate with one hand, a soft-robot display unit for displaying a soft-robot in accordance with the physical environment conditions, and a soft-robots display unit for producing a plurality of soft-robots.

Apparatus and method for page-retrieval using electronic book display

Abstract: An apparatus and method for page-retrieval for use with an electronic display, especially suited for so-called electronic books, wherein a current relative position of a current page of the book and the number of times a page has previously been displayed are graphically displayed. A document image is stored in a document image storage unit and the document image is displayed on a computer screen. A number of display times storage unit stores the number of times each page has been viewed by a user. A relative location image control unit determines the relative location within the book image of a currently displayed page and the electronic book is displayed on the screen showing a visual indication of the relative position of the currently displayed page. The pages of the electronic book are color shaded by a number of display times image generation unit to give a visual indication of the relative number of times each page has been displayed to allow frequently displayed pages to be quickly located by a user. A marker can also be displayed on the screen to indicate pages marked by a user.

Electric heating sheet

Abstract: Conductive yarns and conductive wires having insulating properties at least on their surfaces are plain-woven as warps and wefts, thus manufacturing a unidirectionally conductive fabric in which neighboring conductive yarns are not electrically in contact with each other. A pair of electrodes is connected to ends of the conductive yarn, and polymeric insulating layers are laminated on both surfaces of the unidirectionally conductive fabric, thus manufacturing an electric heating sheet. Moreover, by forming polymeric covering layers having a thermal fuse function, a temperature-detecting function and a temperature controlling function on the unidirectionally conductive fabrics, highly durable and safe electric heating sheets are manufactured.

Force sensation exhibiting device, data input device and data input equipment

Abstract: A data input device includes a housing which can be grasped by a hand. The housing is equipped with a detecting device that detects a displacement or pressure at a portion of the housing on which fingers are placed when the housing is grasped by the hand. The data input device may include plural sensors to detect displacement or pressure at several different finger belly portions of the fingers. Also, plural sensors may be provided for each finger belly portion. The data input device may be used to control the movement of remotely located mechanical fingers or virtual fingers shown on a display.

Bump electrode for connecting electronic components

Abstract: The present invention relates to connecting electronic components using bump electrodes to connect electronic components such as semiconductors with the patterning electrodes of a circuit board. In order to prevent deterioration in connecting reliability due to deformation and the like of semiconductors and circuit boards, it is necessary to have some elasticity incorporated within bump electrodes. The bump electrodes disclosed by the present invention have resin bumps with numerous cavities disposed within and covered by a low melting point metal layer. According to this composition, even when there are some variations of distribution in circuit board warp and bump electrode height, it is possible to absorb the variations through the elasticity presented by the bump electrodes. It is also possible to perform a low strain connection with a resultant enhancement in connecting reliability at high temperature.