Institution
Paris Descartes University
Government•Paris, France•
About: Paris Descartes University is a government organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 20987 authors who have published 37456 publications receiving 1206222 citations. The organization is also known as: Université Paris V-Descartes & Université de Paris V.
Topics: Population, Transplantation, Immune system, Cancer, Pregnancy
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The tonic current mediated by ambient glutamate in rat hippocampal slices was unaffected when inhibiting vesicular release of transmitters from neurons but was increased upon inhibition of the enzyme converting glutamate in glutamine in glial cells, indicating that ambient glutamate is mainly of glial origin.
Abstract: In several neuronal types of the CNS, glutamate and GABA receptors mediate a persistent current which reflects the presence of a low concentration of transmitters in the extracellular space. Here, we further characterize the tonic current mediated by ambient glutamate in rat hippocampal slices. A tonic current of small amplitude (53.99 +/- 6.48 pA at +40 mV) with the voltage dependency and the pharmacology of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) was detected in virtually all pyramidal cells of the CA1 and subiculum areas. Manipulations aiming at increasing D-serine or glycine extracellular concentrations failed to modify this current indicating that the glycine binding sites of the NMDARs mediating the tonic current were saturated. In contrast, non-transportable inhibitors of glutamate transporters increased the amplitude of this tonic current, indicating that the extracellular concentration of glutamate primarily regulates its magnitude. Neither AMPA/kainate receptors nor metabotropic glutamate receptors contributed significantly to this tonic excitation of pyramidal neurons. In the presence of glutamate transporter inhibitors, however, a significant proportion of the tonic conductance was mediated by AMPA receptors. The tonic current was unaffected when inhibiting vesicular release of transmitters from neurons but was increased upon inhibition of the enzyme converting glutamate in glutamine in glial cells. These observations indicate that ambient glutamate is mainly of glial origin. Finally, experiments with the use-dependent antagonist MK801 indicated that NMDARs mediating the tonic conductance are probably extra-synaptic NMDARs.
214 citations
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University of Copenhagen1, University of Pavia2, Charles University in Prague3, University of Cambridge4, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland5, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust6, Lund University7, Paris Descartes University8, Leiden University Medical Center9, Paris Diderot University10, University of Birmingham11, University of Marburg12, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust13
TL;DR: It is crucial to organise national and international registries and collect information prospectively about the natural history of the disease, as AATD is a rare disease and inequalities in access to therapies across Europe should be addressed.
Abstract: α 1 -antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is the most common hereditary disorder in adults. It is associated with an increased risk of developing pulmonary emphysema and liver disease. The pulmonary emphysema in AATD is strongly linked to smoking, but even a proportion of never-smokers develop progressive lung disease. A large proportion of individuals affected remain undiagnosed and therefore without access to appropriate care and treatment. The most recent international statement on AATD was published by the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society in 2003. Since then there has been a continuous development of novel, more accurate and less expensive genetic diagnostic methods. Furthermore, new outcome parameters have been developed and validated for use in clinical trials and a new series of observational and randomised clinical trials have provided more evidence concerning the efficacy and safety of augmentation therapy, the only specific treatment available for the pulmonary disease associated with AATD. As AATD is a rare disease, it is crucial to organise national and international registries and collect information prospectively about the natural history of the disease. Management of AATD patients must be supervised by national or regional expert centres and inequalities in access to therapies across Europe should be addressed.
213 citations
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University of California, San Francisco1, Anglia Ruskin University2, University of Turin3, Paris Descartes University4, University of Bern5, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust6, Sapienza University of Rome7, Medical University of Vienna8, Leeds General Infirmary9, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich10, University of Catania11, Technische Universität München12, Okayama University13, University of Colorado Denver14, University of Pennsylvania15, University of Vienna16, Boston Children's Hospital17, University of Copenhagen18, University of Bergen19
TL;DR: This position paper provides the first largely shared, interdisciplinary approach for a rational PFO management based on the best available evidence.
Abstract: The presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of medical conditions; however, the subject remains controversial and no official statements have been published This interdisciplinary paper, prepared with involvement of eight European scientific societies, aims to review the available trial evidence and to define the principles needed to guide decision making in patients with PFO In order to guarantee a strict process, position statements were developed with the use of a modified grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) methodology A critical qualitative and quantitative evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures was performed, including assessment of the risk/benefit ratio The level of evidence and the strength of the position statements of particular management options were weighed and graded according to predefined scales Despite being based often on limited and non-randomised data, while waiting for more conclusive evidence, it was possible to conclude on a number of position statements regarding a rational general approach to PFO management and to specific considerations regarding left circulation thromboembolism For some therapeutic aspects, it was possible to express stricter position statements based on randomised trials This position paper provides the first largely shared, interdisciplinary approach for a rational PFO management based on the best available evidence
213 citations
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TL;DR: The chemical challenges in generating suitable two-photon probes are discussed, which raises problems in the design of "smart" probes compatible with cell physiology.
Abstract: Molecular systems that can be remotely controlled by light are gaining increasing importance in cell biology, physiology, and neurosciences because of the spatial and temporal precision that is achievable with laser microscopy. Two-photon excitation has significant advantages deep in biological tissues, but raises problems in the design of "smart" probes compatible with cell physiology. This Review discusses the chemical challenges in generating suitable two-photon probes.
213 citations
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Stanford University1, University of Copenhagen2, University of Groningen3, French Institute of Health and Medical Research4, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University5, University of Marburg6, University of Regensburg7, University of Bologna8, Leiden University Medical Center9, Charles University in Prague10, Université de Montréal11, Innsbruck Medical University12, University of Strasbourg13, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón14, University of Virginia15, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center16, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University17, Paris Descartes University18, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute19
TL;DR: For example, the authors found that three loci located outside the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) region on chromosome 6 were significantly associated with disease risk, including Cathepsin H (CTSH), Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 4 (TNFSF4), and OX40L.
Abstract: Recent advances in the identification of susceptibility genes and environmental exposures provide broad support for a post-infectious autoimmune basis for narcolepsy/hypocretin (orexin) deficiency. We genotyped loci associated with other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in 1,886 individuals with hypocretin-deficient narcolepsy and 10,421 controls, all of European ancestry, using a custom genotyping array (ImmunoChip). Three loci located outside the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) region on chromosome 6 were significantly associated with disease risk. In addition to a strong signal in the T cell receptor alpha (TRA@), variants in two additional narcolepsy loci, Cathepsin H (CTSH) and Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 4 (TNFSF4, also called OX40L), attained genome-wide significance. These findings underline the importance of antigen presentation by HLA Class II to T cells in the pathophysiology of this autoimmune disease.
213 citations
Authors
Showing all 21023 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Guido Kroemer | 236 | 1404 | 246571 |
Cyrus Cooper | 204 | 1869 | 206782 |
Jean-Laurent Casanova | 144 | 842 | 76173 |
Alain Fischer | 143 | 770 | 81680 |
Maxime Dougados | 134 | 1054 | 69979 |
Carlos López-Otín | 126 | 494 | 83933 |
Giuseppe Viale | 123 | 740 | 72799 |
Thierry Poynard | 119 | 668 | 64548 |
Lorenzo Galluzzi | 118 | 477 | 71436 |
Shahrokh F. Shariat | 118 | 1637 | 58900 |
Richard E. Tremblay | 116 | 685 | 45844 |
Olivier Hermine | 111 | 1026 | 43779 |
Yehezkel Ben-Ari | 110 | 459 | 44293 |
Loïc Guillevin | 108 | 800 | 51085 |
Gérard Socié | 107 | 920 | 44186 |