Institution
Paris Descartes University
Government•Paris, France•
About: Paris Descartes University is a government organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 20987 authors who have published 37456 publications receiving 1206222 citations. The organization is also known as: Université Paris V-Descartes & Université de Paris V.
Topics: Population, Transplantation, Immune system, Cancer, Pregnancy
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Evidence is presented for a role of AMPKα1, a master regulator of energy homeostasis, in macrophage skewing that occurs during skeletal muscle regeneration, which is crucial for phagocytosis-induced macrophages skewing from a pro- to anti-inflammatory phenotype at the time of resolution of inflammation.
358 citations
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TL;DR: This study illustrates the inability of Picrosirius red staining to differentiate collagen types, since the absorbed amount of polarized light by this dye strictly depends on the orientation of the collagen bundles.
Abstract: Specific staining of the extracellular matrix components is especially helpful in studying tissue remodeling, particularly in the case of connective tissue pathologies. As developed by Junqueira and colleagues in 1979, specific staining by Picrosirius red is one of the most important stains to study collagen networks in different tissues. Under polarized light, collagen bundles appear green, red or yellow, and are easily differentiated from the black background, thus allowing for quantitative morphometric analysis. As Junqueira and colleagues point out, many studies use color staining to differentiate collagen bundles and to specify collagen types, yet other studies report that polarized colors only reflect fiber thickness and packing. Using a simple histological example, our study illustrates the inability of Picrosirius red staining to differentiate collagen types, since the absorbed amount of polarized light by this dye strictly depends on the orientation of the collagen bundles.
357 citations
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TL;DR: The gut microbiota and its interactions with the host immune system play a role in oncogenesis and can alter the effectiveness of anticancer agents.
Abstract: Changes in the interactions among the gut microbiota, intestinal epithelium, and host immune system are associated with many diseases, including cancer. We discuss how environmental factors infuence this cross-talk during oncogenesis and tumor progression and how manipulations of the gut microbiota might improve the clinical activity of anticancer agents.
357 citations
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University of Vermont1, University College Dublin2, French Institute of Health and Medical Research3, Heidelberg University4, King's College London5, Trinity College, Dublin6, Stanford University7, Université de Montréal8, IBM9, Charité10, Dresden University of Technology11, University of Nottingham12, German National Metrology Institute13, Paris Descartes University14, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital15, University of Toronto16, University of Cambridge17
TL;DR: By identifying the vulnerability factors underlying individual differences in alcohol misuse, these models shed light on the aetiology of alcohol misuse and suggest targets for prevention.
Abstract: Many factors have been proposed as contributors to risk of alcohol abuse, but quantifying their influence has been difficult; here a longitudinal study of a large sample of adolescents and machine learning are used to generate models of predictors of current and future alcohol abuse, assessing the relative contribution of many factors, including life history, individual personality differences, brain structure and genotype. Many factors have been identified as contributors to risk of alcohol abuse but their relative importance has been difficult to quantify. Robert Whelan et al. constructed models of current and future adolescent binge drinking using data from the IMAGEN project, a study of risk-taking behaviour in more than 2,000 teenagers recruited at age 14 from the United Kingdom, Ireland, France and Germany. The authors used machine learning to generate models of predictors of current and future alcohol abuse, assessing the contribution of many factors including life history, individual personality differences, brain structure and genotype. A key finding of the study was that personality factors were, surprisingly, not particularly useful predictors of future alcohol misuse. In contrast, neurodevelopmental immaturity, certain structural and functional indicators in the brain, sexual experience and prenatal alcohol exposure were associated with current and future binge drinking. A comprehensive account of the causes of alcohol misuse must accommodate individual differences in biology, psychology and environment, and must disentangle cause and effect. Animal models1 can demonstrate the effects of neurotoxic substances; however, they provide limited insight into the psycho-social and higher cognitive factors involved in the initiation of substance use and progression to misuse. One can search for pre-existing risk factors by testing for endophenotypic biomarkers2 in non-using relatives; however, these relatives may have personality or neural resilience factors that protect them from developing dependence3. A longitudinal study has potential to identify predictors of adolescent substance misuse, particularly if it can incorporate a wide range of potential causal factors, both proximal and distal, and their influence on numerous social, psychological and biological mechanisms4. Here we apply machine learning to a wide range of data from a large sample of adolescents (n = 692) to generate models of current and future adolescent alcohol misuse that incorporate brain structure and function, individual personality and cognitive differences, environmental factors (including gestational cigarette and alcohol exposure), life experiences, and candidate genes. These models were accurate and generalized to novel data, and point to life experiences, neurobiological differences and personality as important antecedents of binge drinking. By identifying the vulnerability factors underlying individual differences in alcohol misuse, these models shed light on the aetiology of alcohol misuse and suggest targets for prevention.
357 citations
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TL;DR: An integrated pathophysiological approach is proposed to better understand how the cross-talk between large and small artery changes interacts in pressure wave transmission, exaggerates cardiac, brain and kidney damage, and lead to cardiovascular and renal complications.
Abstract: Pathophysiological studies have extensively investigated the structural factor in hypertension, including large and small artery remodeling and functional changes. Here, we review the recent literature on the alterations in small and large arteries in hypertension. We discuss the possible mechanisms underlying these abnormalities and we explain how they accompany and often precede hypertension. Finally, we propose an integrated pathophysiological approach to better understand how the cross-talk between large and small artery changes interacts in pressure wave transmission, exaggerates cardiac, brain and kidney damage, and lead to cardiovascular and renal complications. We focus on patients with essential hypertension because this is the most prevalent form of hypertension, and describe other forms of hypertension only for contrasting their characteristics with those of uncomplicated essential hypertension.
357 citations
Authors
Showing all 21023 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Guido Kroemer | 236 | 1404 | 246571 |
Cyrus Cooper | 204 | 1869 | 206782 |
Jean-Laurent Casanova | 144 | 842 | 76173 |
Alain Fischer | 143 | 770 | 81680 |
Maxime Dougados | 134 | 1054 | 69979 |
Carlos López-Otín | 126 | 494 | 83933 |
Giuseppe Viale | 123 | 740 | 72799 |
Thierry Poynard | 119 | 668 | 64548 |
Lorenzo Galluzzi | 118 | 477 | 71436 |
Shahrokh F. Shariat | 118 | 1637 | 58900 |
Richard E. Tremblay | 116 | 685 | 45844 |
Olivier Hermine | 111 | 1026 | 43779 |
Yehezkel Ben-Ari | 110 | 459 | 44293 |
Loïc Guillevin | 108 | 800 | 51085 |
Gérard Socié | 107 | 920 | 44186 |